Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024
Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0490, written 12 Jul 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.
| Date of report | 12 Jul 2024 |
|---|---|
| Reference | 2024-0490 |
| Deceased | Jason Holland |
| Coroner | Fiona Butler |
| Coroner area | Rutland and North Leicestershire |
| Category | Accident at Work and Health and Safety related deaths |
| Source | judiciary.uk record · original PDF |
| Responses published | 7 |
Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.
REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: The International Powered Access Federation (IPAF) The Road Transport Industry Training Board (RTITB) LANTRA (LANd and TRAining) Independent Training Standards Scheme and Register (ITSSAR) National Plant Operators Scheme (NPOS) National Open College Network (NOCN) as part of the Construction Plant Competence Construction Scheme (CPCS) 1 CORONER I am Miss F BUTLER, His Majesty's Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Rutland and North Leicestershire. 2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST On 16 February 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of Jason Vaughan HOLLAND aged 51. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest held before a Jury on 12th July 2024. The conclusion of the jury was that: Jason Vaughan Holland was an experienced self-employed electrician. On the 10th February 2023 he was working at the Mercia Park site when he was found entrapped between a scissor lift and ladder racking at a height of approximately 20 metres. As a result of this he suffered a cardiac arrest which Jason passed away at the Queens Medical Centre, resulted in an unsurvivable brain injury. Nottingham. Jason unintentionally activated the platform raising function instead of the drive function. The Jury returned a conclusion of accidental death. The cause of death was established as: I a Hypoxic Brain Injury. I b Traumatic Cardiac Arrest I c II Regulation 28 – After Inquest Document Template Updated 16/05/2023 4 CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH Jason Holland had been sub contracted to work on a construction site at Mercia Park at the fit out stage for the purposes of installing cabling within containment. 90% of the work to be carried out was working at height. The height of the Unit was 20 metres high. The Unit was 100,00 m2. Mr Holland was an experienced electrician of over 20 years. He held his IPAF card. On 10th February 2023, whilst working on a scissor lift at a height of 20 meters, undertaking tie wrapping of armoured cable in containment tray which had been laid in the roof space, he became trapped between the scissor lift railing and the containment tray. The scissor lift could not be lowered from ground level, as Mr Holland was positioned over the rail and any movement could have caused him to fall 20 meters to the floor. Operatives from the principal contractor on site, and sub contractors had to carry out a basket to basket rescue of Mr Holland. Not one of those had been practically trained on how to conduct this rescue before. It took approximately 20 minutes from Mr Holland being discovered to him being lowered to the ground safely on the scissor lift platform whilst being supported by an operative who, harnessed, had climbed from a cherry picker at a height of 20m on to the scissor lift platform. Paramedics were on the scene at the point Mr Holland was lowered on the scissor lift. He was in cardiac arrest but paramedics were able to establish a return of spontaneous circulation. Mr Holland went into cardiac arrest for a second time, and again paramedics were able to establish a return of spontaneous circulation. A secondary part of his rescue necessitated Mr Holland’s retrieval from the scissor lift platform which was 8ft high, before he could be conveyed on to the back of an ambulance and was taken to the Queens Medical Centre in Nottingham. 5 CORONER’S CONCERNS During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: (brief summary of matters of concern) industry and self I heard from a number of organisations within the construction and electrical employed trades persons. I heard that the industry recognised standard within construction for individuals being assessed as competent to operate a mobile elevated working platforms (MEWPs) is IPAF (International Powered Access Federation) whereby individuals undergo a one day course to be assessed as competent to operate a cherry picker/boom lift (3a) or scissor lifts (3b). I understand that there are a number of training providers nationally who run the course but that the syllabus is set by IPAF. Operatives who pass the course are issued with an IPAF card which is renewed every 5 years. As part of the course, I understand that operatives are classroom trained and then practically assessed operating the necessary MEWPs. Whilst the theory touches upon rescue at height scenarios (albeit having seen the syllabus it deals with potential falls from heights not entrapment). It does not include practical training on rescue at height scenarios or basket to basket rescues drills as standard. I heard evidence of the challenges that the organisations had found in sourcing a practical drill based course for at an height rescue. Regulation 28 – After Inquest Document Template Updated 16/05/2023 All operatives I heard from working for a range of trades had their IPAF cards and not one had ever received practical training of at height rescue. They all told me that they had received theory based training only. I heard evidence that time is of the essence. For example in a suspension from a harness type scenario (not Jason’s case) between 5 and 15 minutes could be the difference between life or death. The same however can be said for someone who is suffering from positional asphyxia because they are trapped. I am therefore concerned to note that practical based rescue drills are not part of the standard competence based training offered for those operating these machines who are likely to be first on site facilitating rescues. Whilst Mr Holland’s case concerned the construction industry and the assessment of competency of operating MEWPs through IPAF, I understand that all of those organisations identified operate within their relevant sectors as IPAF does for the construction industry and MEWP operating competency based courses follow a similar syllabus, without any practical rescue from height drills being offered as standard. 6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or your organisation) have the power to take such action. 7 YOUR RESPONSE You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 6th September 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period. Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed. COPIES and PUBLICATION 8 I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons The Family of Mr Holland WinVic Construction Ltd Walter Miles Electrical Engineers Ltd Direct Electrical (Leics) Ltd I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or of interest. The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 9 Dated: 12/07/2024 Regulation 28 – After Inquest Document Template Updated 16/05/2023 Miss F BUTLER His Majesty's Assistant Coroner for Rutland and North Leicestershire Regulation 28 – After Inquest Document Template Updated 16/05/2023
7 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.
me Telephone: 01530 810867 email enquiries @aitt.co.uk www.aitt.co.uk FAO Miss F Butler HM Coroners Office Leicestershire County Council County Hall Glenfield Leicestershire LE3 8RA 05 September 2024 Reference: i” Dear Miss Butler, We are writing this response following the sharing of the Regulation 28: Report To Prevent Future Deaths following the sad incident involving Mr Jason Vaughan Holland. AITT (The Association of Industrial Truck Trainers) is a member of the ABA (Accrediting Bodies Association) along with RTITB, ITSSAR, NPORS and LANTRA of which the Regulation 28 was sent to. The ABA is responsible for the categorisation of material handling equipment and the subsequent testing of operators to a standard all members agree on. ABA does not publish training standards or produce training materials or courses. This is the responsibility of each individual accrediting body. The use of basket-to-basket rescue has always been used as a last resort and in some circumstances this operation would be virtually impossible to complete and is dependent on the site specifics. Basket to basket rescue would involve having 2 MEWPS on site, e that operate at the same height to allow the transfer of the injured person e allow access for both MEWPS to the area where the work was taking place e individuals having the physical ability to move or transfer the injured person from one basket to another whilst ensuring all personal, including the injured party were secured, Possibly with a harness and twin lanyards, to prevent a fall, whilst keeping the gates open on both machines (that are designed to stay closed during operation). Each basket or MEWP has a safe working load and a maximum number of people that can be in the platform. Having too many people could overload the MEWP used to perform the rescue, causing further complications or an additional emergency. AITT can confirm to the Coroner, that as part of the training and testing of a MEWP, the operator is trained in how to perform emergency lowering - this is explained, demonstrated and practiced by each delegate. The Association of Industrial Truck Trainers AITT, Unit 4 Grange Farm Business Park, Grange Road, Hugglescote, Leicestershire LE67 2BT Renistered in Fnaland No 413410 | a Telephone: 01530 810867 email enquiries@aitt.co.uk www.aitt.co.uk The operator is shown how to operate from the ground controls to test the functionality and how to use them in an emergency should the platform controls be unable to be used either through malfunction or operator inability. The operator is then shown how to lower using the auxiliary or emergency controls, which will vary between different MEWP’s. Once practiced and the instructor is confident the operator can perform the operation, the operator will be shown how the controls work on the platform and if the MEWP has the capability, how to lower in an emergency or malfunction. As an association we are not able to state if an individual is competent, as the test and course accredited by the association is for basic operation, and competency comes from a number of elements such as skill, knowledge, ability, training and experience. AITT also firmly believe that any operation involving work at height should follow the Work at Height Regulations 2005, in particular Regulation 4 in relation to the employer ensuring that work at height is properly planned, appropriately supervised and carried out in a manner which is so far as is reasonably practicable safe. The planning should include the selection of work equipment in accordance with regulation 7 - which looks at the setection of work equipment, conditions, distance and consequence of a fall, duration and the need for easy and timely evacuation and rescue in an emergency. Our recommendation would be that any person who is planning and managing any work at height, should be competent in all aspects of the operation including the need to carry out emergency escape, evacuation and rescue with appropriate levels of first aid to deal with any emergency. AITT would follow any recommendations that the Coroner makes, to prevent any future deaths, however in terms of practical based rescue scenarios, the answer we feel lies not with the operator but with the person managing these operations. There are safety devices, such as secondary protection systems that can be fitted to MEWP’s or that can be specified from a hire company when renting. These devices can prevent the crushing of an operator due to involuntary operation. If the manager was aware of these systems, it may have prevented this fatality. Association Managing Director Association Vice Chairman Yours Faithfully The Association of Industrial Truck Trainers AITT, Unit 4 Grange Farm Business Park, Grange Road, Hugglescote, Leicestershire LE67 2BT Ranicterad in Fnaland Na 4132410
Promote and enable the safe, effective use of powered access worldwide THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE TE-2033-0825-1-en CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 2 GROUPS AND TYPES OF MEWPS 3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 4 RECOVERY AND RESCUE – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? 5 PLANNING FOR SAFE OPERATIONS 6 PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RESCUE A WHAT IS A MEWP RESCUE PLAN? B C PRACTICING RECOVERY AND RESCUE DRILLS RESCUE OF PERSONNEL I. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES II. NON-MEDICAL EMERGENCIES 7 COMMUNICATION METHODS 8 HIERARCHY OF CONTROL FOR RECOVERY AND RESCUE A B C D SELF-RESCUE GROUND CONTROL OPERATION SERVICE ENGINEER/TECHNICIAN ASSISTANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLATFORM-TO-PLATFORM RESCUE 9 RECOVERY AND RESCUE OF A PLATFORM TO A PLACE OF SAFETY 10 POSITIONING MEWPS FOR RESCUE 11 OPERATING MEWPS FROM THE PLATFORM CONTROL POSITION DURING RECOVERY/RESCUE PROCEDURES 12 SUSPENDED PERSONNEL IN A SAFETY HARNESS 13 RESCUE OF INJURED PERSONNEL (IP) IN THE STOWED/TRANSPORT POSITION OR PLACE OF SAFETY 14 RESCUE OF PERSONNEL WHEN A MEWP HAS CONTACTED AN ELECTRICAL HAZARD 15 TRAINING AND FAMILIARISATION 16 PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT (PFPE) RESOURCES APPENDIX APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 4 HOW TO REPORT ABOUT IPAF 2 | WWW.IPAF.ORG 4 4 5 6 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 12 13 13 13 13 15 17 18 18 19 21 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 26 27 Supplied by: Promote and enable the safe, effective use of powered access worldwide INDUSTRY SPECIFIC INDUSTRY SPECIFIC Reflective Jacket, Hi Vis Construction, Warning Sign Road Closure Rental Spanner Tools Reflective Jacket, Hi Vis Construction, Warning Sign Road Closure Rental Spanner Tools Building, Bricks Harness Pylon Chainsaw Delivery MCWP Paintbrush INDUSTRY SPECIFIC THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for those planning and undertaking recovery and rescue from a Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP). The document provides information on the more complex task of rescue using the platform-to-platform method while using a secondary MEWP, ensuring safe recovery and rescue operations for all involved. Toolbox Drill Building, Bricks Toolbox Drill Scissor Lift Who should read this guidance Truck Mount Boom Lift Harness Pylon Chainsaw Delivery MCWP Paintbrush Scissor Lift Boom Lift Truck Mount Users (those in control of MEWP operations) INDUSTRY SPECIFIC Accident, Fall Mask Respiratory Planning Desk, Worker, Cog, Laptop Cog, Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Reflective Jacket, Hi Vis Construction, Warning Sign Road Closure Rental Spanner Worker, Person Desk, Worker, Laptop Worker, Person INDUSTRY SPECIFIC Building, Bricks Managers and supervisors Toolbox Tools Drill Accident, Fall Respiratory Mask Planning Desk, Worker, Cog, Laptop Cog, Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Worker, Person Desk, Worker, Laptop Worker, Person Reflective Jacket, Hi Vis Construction, Signal Warning Sign Battery Power, Road Closure Harness Electric House, Rental Pylon Building Office, Spanner Chainsaw Building Factory, Delivery Tools Building Building, First Aid MCWP Bricks Health and safety practitioners Toolbox Paintbrush Keys Reflective Jacket, Hi Vis Cogs, Factory, Drill Scissor Lift Warehouse Construction, Warning Sign Boom Lift Machine, Factory, Warehouse Road Closure Truck Mount Rental Spanner Tools Building, Bricks Signal Harness Battery Power, GENERAL Building House, Electric Pylon Chainsaw Office, Building Delivery First Aid Keys Cogs, Factory, Warehouse MEWP operators Machine, Factory, Warehouse Paintbrush Scissor Lift Boom Lift Truck Mount STATEMENT BY IPAF There are many different manufacturers and models of MEWPs, which vary significantly in shape, size, weight, and complexity. Recovery and rescue scenarios can range from simple rescue procedures to far more complex situations requiring suitable and sufficient risk assessments, specific planning, and advanced levels of competency from rescue personnel. It is not possible for this document to cover every potential scenario for recovery or rescue, involving every group, type, make and model of MEWP, as situations are likely to be different depending on the environment, task being undertaken, and personnel involved. The aim of this guidance document is to provide sufficient information for developing a safe system of work and reducing the risk of major injuries and fatalities when emergency recovery and rescue procedures are performed. The document offers theoretical-based guidance only and does not offer a practical training solution. Duty holders seeking practical training solutions should contact specific training course providers. Toolbox Drill Accident, Fall Respiratory Mask Desk, Worker, Cog, Laptop Cog, Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Harness Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Pylon Worker, Person Nominated ground rescue personnel Chainsaw Desk, Worker, Laptop Delivery Worker, Person MCWP Person, Ticks, Skills ID, Contact Team, Network Team, People Person, Presentation Team, People Teamwork Team, Group Factory, Building MCWP Planning Team, Magnifying Glass First aid personnel Desk, Worker, Laptop Accident, Fall First Aid Decrease, Down Arrow Worker, Person Respiratory Mask Keys Left Arrow Emergency services Right Arrow Planning Cogs, Factory, Warehouse Desk, Worker, Machine, Factory, Cog, Laptop Warehouse Cog, Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Paintbrush Scissor Lift Boom Lift Truck Mount NOTE: While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the material contained within this guidance, no liability is accepted by the authors in respect of the information given. Worker, Person Worker, Person Desk, Worker, Laptop Compliance with this guidance does not give automatic assurance of compliance with legislative requirements. It is the duty holder’s responsibility to ensure they comply with the legal requirements relevant to safe work equipment. Accident, Fall Respiratory Mask Planning Signal Cursor, Point Desk, Worker, Cog, Laptop Battery Power, Electric Direction Cog, Hard Hat, Safety Helmet Hard Hat, Safety Helmet House, Building Cycle, Renew, Refresh Office, Building Cycle, Arrow Recycle Signal Battery Power, Electric House, Building Office, Building Factory, Building First Aid Puzzle Calendar Data, Chart Growth, Decline, Money, Increase Money, Decrease Worker, Person Factory, Building Increase, Up Arrow Keys Ruler Cogs, Factory, Warehouse Signal Calculator Machine, Factory, Warehouse Battery Power, Electric Data, Calculator, Document House, Building Data, Pie Chart, Document Office, Building Factory, Building First Aid Keys Cogs, Factory, Warehouse Machine, Factory, Warehouse Computer Phone Online Training Email Pen Artificial Intelligence, Automation Clock 24 Hours On Time THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 3 INTRODUCTION To comply with international and regional safety standards MEWPs are fitted with platform and ground controls as well as emergency/auxiliary lowering systems. Employers and users must develop a documented recovery and rescue plan that is specific to the task, the MEWP being used and the site. The plan should outline the procedures for executing emergency operations required to recover and rescue personnel either from within the platform of the MEWP involved in the incident, or from a suspended position following a fall arrest. When MEWPs are selected to perform temporary work at height there remains a potential risk of persons in the MEWP platform becoming stranded or requiring recovery or rescue due to operator error, equipment malfunction, entrapment, entanglement, ejection, breakdown, or a medical emergency. 1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS SCOPE This document is intended to provide information on: 1 MEWP categories 2 The hierarchy of platform recovery and rescue 3 Hazards and risks associated with recovery and rescue 4 Situations that would require platform-to-platform rescue 5 Training of personnel who have allocated roles and responsibilities to undertake recovery and platform-to-platform rescue 6 The type of personal fall protection systems required 7 First aid, and first aid equipment requirements APU Auxiliary Power Unit Recovery The retrieval/lowering of a platform from ERT Emergency Response Team (referred to in the document as the “response team”) the elevated position to the transport/stowed position, or a place of safety with or without personnel in the platform ESA Energy Supply Authority IP Injured Person Rescue A MEWP platform which is unable to be lowered, and the platform occupants require rescuing MEWP Mobile Elevating Work Platform SSoW Safe System of Work (refer to Appendix 1) NGRP Nominated Ground Rescue Person (referred to in the document as “ground rescue person”) SWL Safe Working Load OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer PEP Personnel Emergency Pack PFPE Personal Fall Protection Equipment Users* Those in control of MEWP operations. The contractor/employer, often referred to as the User, is any person or organisation that controls the planning, management and use of the MEWP for a specific task and is responsible for ensuring the MEWP is kept in PPE Personal Protective Equipment a safe working condition. *Note: The User is not necessarily the operator. 4 | WWW.IPAF.ORG 2 GROUPS AND TYPES OF MEWPS MEWP categories are assigned for ease of reference worldwide and to enable correct training selection. Pre- determined MEWP characteristics and features are used to allocate machine categories. For MEWPs, the category combines a machine Group (A or B) and a machine Type (1, 2 or 3), so for example, a 3A (mobile vertical) is a MEWP category. IPAF CATEGORIES: MOBILE VERTICAL MOBILE BOOM STATIC VERTICAL STATIC BOOM Trailer mounted, tracked type, vehicle-mounted platforms PUSH AROUND VERTICAL SPECIAL Specialist machines, e.g., (2A, 2B) aircraft maintenance MEWPs MAST CLIMBING WORK PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION HOIST INSULATED AERIAL DEVICE 3A 3B 1A 1B PAV SPECIAL MCWP CH IAD MEWPs differ in shape, size, length, and complexity. If a platform-to-platform rescue is necessary, then the MEWP used for rescue must be capable of reaching the platform of the other MEWP safely. MEWPs which cannot extend to a safe distance for the rescue of platform occupants should not be used for the task as this increases the risk of falls from the platform, or overturn. The rescue MEWP should be capable of safely retrieving a platform occupant(s). Factors to consider include: • Platform height and outreach of the rescue MEWP, i.e., can the rescue MEWP safely reach the stranded platform occupant(s). • SWL – will the rescue MEWP be overloaded when the occupant(s) enter the platform (some overload sensing systems will disable the platform controls if the SWL is exceeded). This also applies if the rescuer needs to step into the stranded MEWP. • Physical size – is the rescue MEWP too big or heavy for the ground/floor/surface to be set up on. • Additional rescue personnel to assist in recovery for more complex MEWPs, e.g., 1B (vehicle) or 1B (tracked) machines with complex lowering systems which include activating hydraulic valves/spools and then lowering the platform with the aid of a hand pump. • The orientation/position of the platform may affect the access/egress points. IPAF Categories | IPAF Click here to view the resource THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 5 3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The planning stage should identify those involved with the work at height task. Examples of these roles include: • The User • Ground rescue personnel • The MEWP operator • The response team It is the responsibility of everyone listed above to ensure they understand the procedures to follow in the rescue plan in case of an emergency. Table 1- Key duty holders, their responsibilities and principal duties. Note: The MEWP operator should not commence work until there is a suitable rescue plan in place and a ground rescue person. No matter the duration of work, it is important to ensure that there are clear lines of responsibility set out when planning and performing work at height tasks when using a MEWP. The table below identifies the responsibilities and principal duties of the four key stakeholders. Duty holder Responsibility Principal duties USER (CONTRACTOR/ EMPLOYER) Organise and manage the task to ensure it is performed safely • Determine the work at height task and means of access • Manage and supervise the work at height task • MEWP selection • Trained in the safe use of MEWPs • Ensure MEWP operators are trained and familiarised • Develop suitable and sufficient risk assessments and recovery/ rescue plans to develop a SSoW* • Be able to safely lower a MEWP platform in the event of an emergency • Ensure correct PPE and PFPE is worn by site personnel • Provide clear instructions Complete the task in a safe manner • Understand the risks of the task to be performed • Understand and follow preventative measures in place i.e. SSoW • Use the correct PPE and PFPE as instructed • Be trained and familiarised with the specific MEWP they are required Training to operate • Complete pre-use inspections OPERATOR • Ensure there is a communication method with the ground rescue person • Have the authority not to commence work unless there is a rescue plan and a ground rescue person in place • Understand the rescue plan and rehearse it on regular occasions specified by Communication the employer/User • Undertake a dynamic hazard assessment and verify or amend the SSoW as necessary • Have a constant awareness of surroundings • Be aware of and adapt to potential changes in circumstances 6 | WWW.IPAF.ORG Duty holder Responsibility Principal duties Conduct rescue from the ground controls or emergency lowering/auxiliary system in a safe manner GROUND RESCUE PERSONNEL Training • Supervise the MEWP operator while working at height • It is preferable that the ground rescue person has undergone some form of formal training relevant to the task. However, all ground rescue persons should, as a minimum, be familiarised with the MEWP being used and the rescue procedures in place, so they are competent to lower the MEWP platform using the ground/emergency controls in the work situations to which they are exposed • Have sufficient competency to safely lower the platform in the event of an emergency • Have means of communication and raising the alarm with the MEWP operator Communication and the response team Note: Some MEWPs with more complex emergency lowering systems may require two people to safely lower the platform RESPONSE TEAM Be available to conduct recovery and rescue when the MEWP’s ground controls and emergency lowering controls are inoperative or when there is a medical emergency with the MEWP operator • Be able to act to an emergency situation in a timely manner • The response team are required to be trained MEWP operators as there may be a need to use another MEWP to perform a platform-to-platform rescue Communication • Have a suitable communication method such as a two-way radio THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 7 4 RECOVERY AND RESCUE – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? Recovery can be defined as the retrieval/lowering of a platform from the elevated position to the transport/ stowed position, or a place of safety with or without personnel in the platform. The lowering of the platform is done using the ground controls, or if they are inoperative, the emergency/auxiliary lowering system. Examples of when recovery is required: • Medical incident or emergency • MEWP malfunction • Load sensing system has activated meaning the platform controls are inoperative • Entrapment of an operator • A platform occupant is suspended in a safety harness • Operator error Rescue is when a MEWP platform is unable to be lowered, and the platform occupants require rescuing. This can be due to: • • Inoperative ground and platform primary controls Inoperative emergency lowering controls • Entanglement • MEWP becoming unstable and is at risk of overturn • A technical fault with a platform levelling system 5 PLANNING FOR SAFE OPERATIONS MEWPs are designed to provide safe access for conducting temporary work at height. They are one of the safest options when the work is planned and managed appropriately. The Work at Height Regulations 2005 specifically state that all work at height should be: 1 Properly planned 2 Appropriately supervised 3 Carried out in a safe manner, and 4 Include the selection of the most appropriate work equipment It is the User’s (employer’s) responsibility to ensure that all work at height is properly planned. Planning includes the correct machine selection, suitable and sufficient risk assessments, rescue plans and the development of a SSoW, as well as considerations for additional equipment to enhance MEWP operator safety such as secondary guarding devices. 8 | WWW.IPAF.ORG Ensuring the safety of MEWP operators and platform occupants is essential while they are working at height. The level of supervision required will depend on the specific situation. For example, two small MEWPs working in the same area may be adequately monitored by one ground rescue person. However, if the same two MEWPs are working in an area where one cannot be safely observed, it will mean an increased level of monitoring or additional ground rescue persons. Users (those in control of MEWP operations) must remember that when entrapment incidents occur, the time taken for persons to become aware of and react to the entrapment situation is critical – a rapid response can be the difference between life and death, and every second counts. MEWP operators should carry out their pre-use inspections and record evidence either digitally, or by paper copy (IPAF recommends the ePAL app). Thorough checks of the MEWP before use can identify potential faults occurring; an example would be a leaking hydraulic hose or a near empty fuel tank. Additionally, MEWP operators should always carry out any work at height task safely. Never take short cuts or become complacent, as that’s when incidents can happen. Selecting the correct MEWP is critically important for safety – the MEWP should be suitable for the work at height task. MEWPs that are too large, small, or complex can result in increased operator error related breakdowns. Additionally, MEWPs that have not been correctly selected, e.g., are too small, may result in an operator leaning out or overreaching, which can lead to a fall from the platform. Resource Library | IPAF Click here to view the resource 6 PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RESCUE A WHAT IS A MEWP RESCUE PLAN? Global MEWP safety standards and laws specify the requirement for rescue/emergency plans. Failure to implement a suitable rescue plan can lead to confusion and delays by operators and ground rescue persons in the correct procedures to follow in an emergency situation. Failing to act in a timely manner in emergency situations can lead to significant time delays and increases the risk of injury to the platform occupants, and, ultimately, could mean the difference between life and death. A rescue plan is a specific procedure designed to ensure the safe rescue of platform occupants from the MEWP platform in an elevated or horizontally extended position. IPAF recommends recovery/rescue plans to be documented, distributed, and practiced by all involved in the work at height task. There may be other extenuating circumstances following a suitable and sufficient risk assessment where it is deemed unsafe to perform recovery or rescue. If a recovery/rescue situation is identified as unsafe and could endanger the lives of the platform occupants and/or the response team, the rescue should not be carried out. Refer to Appendix 1 for an example of a rescue plan. The rescue plan provides procedures to follow in the event of an emergency. However, consideration should also be given to the safety equipment that a rescuer and an operator may require. Examples include: • PEP’s (personnel emergency packs) containing items such as: • Blankets, food and water • Warm, waterproof clothing • Sunscreen • Communication devices • First aid kits • PFPE • PPE B PRACTICING RECOVERY AND RESCUE DRILLS IPAF recommends that recovery and rescue drills are practiced on a regular basis in accordance with the risk factors of the task and worksite. The User/duty holder should decide on the frequency of the drills subject to a risk assessment by a suitably competent person. Practicing recovery and rescue drills is extremely important to maintain skills, knowledge, and preparedness. It also promotes a continuous improvement of the recovery and rescue process and is an opportunity to verify the recovery and rescue drills work. Examples will include, but are not limited to, when determining the above: • New buildings or structures • Ground/floor/surface conditions • Changes in site conditions • Changes in tasks • Change of personnel, i.e., new personnel and persons returning to work • Different types of MEWPs being used • Different equipment on site IPAF recommends that recovery and rescue drills should be carried out on irregular days and times. Consider scheduling these drills at times when people are least aware, such as mealtimes, the end of the shift or poor weather. Anyone involved in the rescue plan should be: • Trained and familiarised, if operating the MEWP from the platform controls • Familiarised, if operating from the ground controls or the emergency lowering controls. This includes its operational controls, functionality, and operating limits • Able to understand the MEWP’s operator’s manual (the operator’s manual will normally be in the MEWP platform, so gaining access to it will be difficult in a real-life situation). • Able to understand and follow the rescue plan • Able to identify and avoid foreseeable hazards and determine the most appropriate action to recover the platform and its occupants THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 9 RESCUE OF PERSONNEL C Platform and ground controls as well as auxiliary control systems built into a MEWP are designed to allow the ground rescue person to safely lower the platform to the transport/stowed position, or a place of safety. It is extremely unlikely to be unable to lower the platform using these controls, or for all these systems to fail. Not all MEWPs are the same, so the design and position of the ground controls and emergency/auxiliary lowering controls will differ by machine make and model. IPAF recommends that ground controls and emergency/ auxiliary controls must always be accessible and not blocked to enable the safe lowering of the platform in an emergency. Remember: When recovery or rescue is deemed unsafe and could endanger the lives of others, it should not be performed, and you should call the emergency services immediately. i. medical emergencies A medical incident can quickly develop into a medical emergency if prompt and correct action is not applied. If the MEWP operator has suffered a medical emergency, there is a likelihood that they will not be able to operate the platform controls, which means the platform will need to be lowered from the ground control position by the ground rescue person or the response team. be sought from the emergency services on whether it will be safe to move the IP from the platform either in the elevated or stowed/transport position, as moving an IP can sometimes cause more harm. If it is not possible to move the IP, then the response team should wait until the emergency services arrive on site. ii. non-medical emergencies If platform occupants are stranded at height, they will need to be lowered to the stowed/transport position. However, as there is no medical emergency, additional time can be taken to assess the safest way to lower the platform. Under no circumstances should platform occupants attempt to climb down or out of the main structure of the MEWP. A suitable rescue MEWP can be used to take supplies to the platform occupant(s) such as food, water, hot or cold weather gear and means of communication such as a mobile phone or two-way radio. Recovery of personnel in the elevated position There are various ways of recovering personnel in an elevated position. Examples include: • Operating the ground control primary power • Operating the emergency/auxiliary lowering system • Using another MEWP to perform a platform-to-platform rescue As there is a medical emergency, the emergency services should be called immediately to attend site. Advice must • Using a crane with a personnel basket • Calling the emergency services (last resort) 10 | WWW.IPAF.ORG The type of recovery/rescue procedure will depend on the situation; however, the principles of rescue remain the same. There may be other non-medical emergencies to consider in your rescue plan, such as: • Recovery of occupants from a submerged platform • Recovery of occupants from a platform which is out of level, and is likely to go even further out of level as the platform is lowered from the ground • Fire at the base of the MEWP Lowering a platform from the ground control position may sound simple, but in reality, it can be hazardous. An example would be lowering a MEWP when the platform is in between the steelwork of a building. Not all platform-to-platform rescues are the same. There are many varied situations to consider, such as: • Will you place yourself in danger as a result of conducting the rescue? • Is the person at risk from other potential hazards? • Can the person remain in the MEWP platform without • A trapped platform which is unreachable further risk? Situations like the ones listed above may not be safely handled by the ground rescue person or the response team. In situations like these, emergency services and the service engineer/technician should always be called. Considerations should include: • The ground rescue person should be able to assess the situation and determine what action is required. Whatever action is identified, it must not endanger or cause further harm to the platform occupants. • The ground rescue person should be able to safely lower the platform if safe to do so. • Obstructions in the vicinity could prevent the safe recovery of the platform occupant(s). An example would be an extension deck in the extended position being obstructed by steelwork or a building. • The safe removal of an incapacitated platform occupant • What is the height and outreach required to reach the stranded platform? • Has the operator suffered a medical emergency? • Is there a suitable MEWP to perform platform-to- platform rescue? • Are there any overhead hazards? • Is there other equipment in the area? • Are ground/surface conditions suitable and adequate? 7 COMMUNICATION METHODS Communication is one of the most important elements of a rescue plan. Unless there is a medical emergency, the operator should be able to communicate with the ground rescue person and the response team. once the platform has been fully lowered. Example methods of communication: • Means of raising the alarm and communication with the response team. • Two-way radios • Mobile phones • Hand signals (agreed to before commencing work) • Verbal Whatever the communication device may be, it must be able to function correctly as there are many situations that can affect the performance of these communication devices such as: • Noise from other equipment • Height of the platform (obscured from view) • Interference from other electrical equipment • Weather conditions (cloud, mist, heavy rain) • Battery power The selection of the most appropriate communication should be identified by your risk assessment and recovery and rescue plan. When using handheld devices, you should consider the use of a tether/lanyard to prevent objects falling from the platform. THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 11 8 HIERARCHY OF CONTROL FOR RECOVERY AND RESCUE The hierarchy of control for recovery and rescue is a process that can be followed to determine the actions required if a MEWP is inoperative at the platform controls due to mechanical breakdown or operator illness. The flowchart below suggests the steps to take for recovery/rescue from the ground control’s emergency/ auxiliary lowering system: Flowchart 1 - Rescue of platform occupants from an elevated position Nominated ground rescue personnel activate rescue plan The Rescue Plan should also consider how an incapacitated person is retrieved from the platform once it has been fully lowered to the stowed/transport position. Yes Has the MEWP operator suffered a medical emergency? Ground rescue person notifies emergency services immediately and informs site management/first aider Is there a platform occupant who can safely lower the platform? No Yes No Can the MEWP’s primary power be activated from the platform controls? No Yes Can the MEWP’s auxiliary power be used from the platform controls (if fitted) MEWP operator or occupant lowers the platform to the ground and reports the issue No Are the ground rescue person’s attempts to use primary power from ground controls successful? Ground rescue person lowers platform to the ground and reports issue Yes If platform to platform rescue is authorised refer to flowchart 2 No If assistance is not available in an acceptable timescale, site management to make a decision on whether a platform to platform rescue is required Are the ground rescue person’s attempts to use emergency lowering systems from the ground controls successful? Supervisor/site management call MEWP owner/rental company for assistance from a service engineer No 12 | WWW.IPAF.ORG A SELF-RESCUE Self-rescue may be required when there is a loss of the main primary power (e.g., engine) at the platform controls. The MEWP operator can lower the platform using the emergency lowering system (if fitted), e.g., the auxiliary power unit (APU). If the APU has also failed, or if there is no emergency lowering function at the platform controls, the MEWP operator will need to alert the nominated ground rescue person of the situation. There are other forms of self-rescue to consider, one example being a controlled descender device (CDD). This is used for the purpose of performing self- rescue from an elevated MEWP. User training and the correct CDD selection is critical for safety; you should always seek guidance on the use of these products from the CDD provider and the MEWP OEM. Note: some MEWP anchorage points and structures may not be able to withstand the dynamic forces enacted on it. B GROUND CONTROL OPERATION It is important to remember that MEWP ground controls do not normally have proportional controls like a joystick which is in the platform. This means that once a ground control switch is activated, there is only one speed, and when activated the function is instant. As soon as the ground rescue person notices an issue, they can perform the lowering procedure from the ground controls. They should attempt to lower the platform using the primary power first, e.g., engine power. If that fails, they should then use the emergency lowering system. Examples of these emergency lowering systems include APUs, lowering cables, bleed down systems, and hand pumps. If the ground controls and the emergency lowering controls at the base of the MEWP have both failed, considerations should be given to contacting an authorised service engineer/technician (this contact information should be included in the rescue plan). Resource: The Risks of Operating MEWPs from the Ground Controls Toolbox Talk | IPAF Click here to view the resource C SERVICE ENGINEER /TECHNICIAN ASSISTANCE It is important to consider the location of the service engineer/technician to assist in the recovery of the platform, especially if there is a medical emergency, so you should consider the time it will take for the service engineer/technician to arrive on site. If, after inspection by the service engineer/technician, it is not possible to perform a timely repair, senior site management should be contacted for permission to conduct a platform-to-platform rescue. Or Where the service engineer/technician is not readily available and an immediate risk exists to the health and safety of any of the occupants from remaining in the platform until a service engineer/technician can attend, senior site management should be contacted for permission to conduct a platform-to- platform rescue. D CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLATFORM-TO-PLATFORM RESCUE A platform-to-platform rescue should only be considered in exceptional circumstances and only after: • All normal and auxiliary lowering procedures have been attempted, and these are unable to lower the platform to a place of safety. • Site management have contacted the competent person and the service engineer/technician listed in the rescue plan, to report failure of normal and auxiliary lowering systems and request engineering assistance. Or • Where the competent engineering assistance is not readily available and an immediate risk exists to the health and safety of any of the occupants from remaining in the elevated basket until a service engineer/technician can attend, senior site management should be contacted for permission to carry out platform-to-platform rescue. THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 13 The flowchart below suggests the steps to take if a platform-to-platform rescue is required: Flowchart 2 - Platform-to-platform rescue approved by site management A competent person should perform a risk assessment to establish if it is safe to perform a platform-to-platform rescue No Do not attempt rescue. Inform management and contact emergency services Are there adequate control measures in place to safely perform a platform to platform rescue? Yes Yes Is there a nominated ground rescue person in place? No Do not attempt rescue until a nominated ground rescue person is available Position the rescue MEWP so the ground controls and emergency/ auxiliary controls are accessible Lower the rescue MEWP platform to the stowed/transport position safely Is it possible to position the access gates on both MEWPs adjacent to each other? Yes Position both platforms’ access gates close to each other, without them touching No Position the rescue MEWP platform as near as possible (without touching the stranded MEWP) Isolate the power on both MEWPs If it is safe to do so, lanyard connectors can be disconnected from anchorage points during the transfer of platform occupants(s) between platforms. Once transfer has taken place, PFPE should be worn in the rescue MEWP as identified in the risk assessment Note: Where the rescue MEWP is approved by the manufacturer for fall arrest, person(s) passing between platforms can be secured to an anchorage point on the recipient MEWP via a fall arrest lanyard during the transfer between platforms 14 | WWW.IPAF.ORG The transfer of platform occupants during a platform-to-platform rescue If it is safe to do so, lanyard connectors can be disconnected from anchorage points during the transfer of platform occupants(s) between platforms. This reduces the risk of entanglement and/or trip hazards and allows a swift transfer of platform occupant(s) to take place. Note: Where the recipient MEWP is approved by the manufacturer for fall arrest, person(s) passing between platforms can be secured to an anchorage point on the recipient MEWP via a fall arrest lanyard connector during the transfer between platforms. Anchorage points There are two main types of anchorage points: • Fall arrest • Fall restraint Fall arrest anchorage points have a higher rating compared to a fall restraint anchorage point, as they are designed and tested to withstand the forces produced as a person’s fall is arrested. Restraint anchorage points are not designed for a fall arrest situation and may not cope with the shock loading of a fall. Restraint anchorage points do not require the fall arrest overturning test performed by MEWP manufacturers. The specific ratings for the anchorage points will depend on the design standard the MEWP is built to; this will vary depending on the region you are in. Information on the type of anchorage point (restraint or fall arrest) for your MEWP should be available on decals near the anchorage point or the operator’s manual. If no information is available, you should contact the MEWP manufacturer. When transferring an occupant from one platform to another, it is recommended that: • The competent person is required to perform a dynamic risk assessment or a decision to effect rescue, i.e., is it safe to transfer the platform occupant(s) • The MEWP’s primary power is isolated • Only one person is transferred at a time 9 RECOVERY AND RESCUE OF A PLATFORM TO A PLACE OF SAFETY If a MEWP loses power at the platform controls, it can normally be lowered by: • The MEWP’s ground controls • Emergency/auxiliary lowering controls or manual bleed down systems However, when a MEWP platform is elevated, it may not be possible to fully lower it to the stowed/ transport position. This can sometimes be affected by: • Entanglement of the work platform • Entrapment of an operator, i.e., any movement could result in a fall occurring, or cause life-threatening injuries to the operator • Overloaded platform • Partial overturn (MEWP at an unsafe angle) preventing safe lowering • Platform out of level • An extension deck obstructing the lowering path • MEWP chassis not level • Catastrophic damage caused by impact to the upper structure or the base of the MEWP • Failure of both the primary power and emergency lowering controls • An operator or platform occupant suspended in a harness In this situation, the ground rescue person or the response team may need to consider escalating the issue to the supervisor and site management on whether a platform- to-platform rescue should be authorised. If the ground controls/emergency auxiliary controls are operational, great care should be taken when lowering the platform, especially if a platform is at a significant height or in between buildings or a steel structure. Distances can be deceiving for a person positioned on the ground in relation to the platform position. THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 15 Remember: If a rescue situation is deemed unsafe and could endanger the lives of the platform occupants and the response team, the recovery/rescue should not be conducted. You must contact the emergency services immediately. In this situation, the platform occupants may need to be rescued either by a platform-to-platform rescue or by other equipment, e.g., a crane man platform, forklift platform. In some situations, it may not be possible to perform rescue. For example, this may be due to: • Operational envelope restrictions • Ground conditions (machine sinking to an unsafe angle) • Not having enough reach or height on the rescue MEWP • Snagged platform A MEWP’s envelope control system is designed to limit the platform height and outreach in certain positions. Information on the operational envelope is normally shown in a range diagram (see figure 1) which can be found in the operator’s manual and sometimes on the MEWP itself. If the platform of a MEWP goes outside the operational envelope, there is a high risk of overturn. 190 ft 57.91 m 180 ft 54.86 m 170 ft 51.81 m 160 ft 48.77 m 150 ft 45.72 m 140 ft 42.67 m 130 ft 39.62 m 120 ft 36.58 m 110 ft 33.53 m 100 ft 30.48 m 90 ft 27.43 m 80 ft 24.38 m 70 ft 21.34 m 60 ft 18.29 m 50 ft 15.24 m 40 ft 12.19 m 30 ft 9.14 m 20 ft 6.1 m 10 ft 3.05 m 0 ft 0 m -20 ft -6.1 m -10 ft -3.05 m 0 ft 0 m 10 ft 3.05 m 20 ft 6.1 m 30 ft 9.14 m 40 ft 12.19 m 50 ft 15.24 m 60 ft 18.29 m 70 ft 21.34 m 80 ft 90 ft 24.38 m 27.42 m Figure 1: Credit Genie Lift During an emergency lowering, it is critical for the MEWP’s stability to remain inside the operational envelope and platform capacity. Some MEWP manufacturers provide lowering sequences for booms to prevent overturn if they are positioned on sloping ground; see Figure 2 below: 1 1 2 3 3 2 Figure 2 Failure to lower a platform using a correct sequence, i.e., the platform going outside the operational envelope can, and has, led to overturn. 16 | WWW.IPAF.ORG Before carrying out a platform-to-platform rescue, it is essential to assess more than just the suitability of the ground, floor, or surface. The following factors must also be carefully considered: • Accessibility of controls – Ensure that both ground and emergency/auxiliary lowering controls are accessible. • Supervision – A competent person must provide adequate supervision throughout the rescue. • Reach capability – The rescue MEWP must be able to reach beyond the height or outreach of the stranded MEWP. • Platform capacity – The rescue MEWP must have sufficient platform capacity to accommodate the intended load. Note: multiple trips may be required to complete the rescue safely. • Entry/exit design – Consider the type and function of platform entry/exit points, such as drop bars or swing gates. • Platform proximity – Minimise the gap between platforms during transfer to reduce the risk to occupants. • Attachments and obstructions – Account for any attachments fitted to either MEWP, including pipe carriers, board holders, cradles, or EN280-2 compliant accessories, which may affect access or movement during the rescue. When performing a platform-to-platform transfer of people using two mobile booms, it is advisable and ideal to position the platforms so that the entry gates are directly opposite each other with the most minimal gap possible. Where this is not possible, the platform occupant should enter the rescue MEWP between the top guardrail and mid- rail. If this is not possible, they should enter the platform over the top guardrail. When performing a platform-to-platform transfer of people using two mobile verticals, it is advisable to position the scissors so the access/egress gates are adjacent to each other with the most minimal gap possible. If this is not possible, position the platforms so the platform guardrails are adjacent to each other with the most minimal gap possible. The platform occupant(s) should enter the rescue MEWP either via the access/egress gate or between the top guardrail and mid-rail. If this is not possible, they should enter the platform over the top guardrail. When performing a platform-to-platform transfer of people using two different types of MEWPs e.g., a mobile boom and a mobile vertical (3B and 3A), the same principles apply. Position the rescue MEWP as close to the stranded MEWP as possible. The platform occupant should enter the rescue MEWP between the top guardrail and mid-rail. If this is not possible, they should enter the platform over the top guardrail. THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 17 10 POSITIONING MEWPS FOR RESCUE The safe positioning of a MEWP to perform platform-to- platform rescue is critical for the safety of the stranded MEWP as well as the rescue MEWP. One of the key conditions for MEWP stability is the ability of the ground/floor/surface to safely support the weight of the MEWP at its point of contact with the ground in all configurations. Failure to consider the load-bearing capacity of the ground/floor/surface could potentially cause the MEWP to go out of level, become unstable, and overturn. The Assessment of Ground Conditions and Supporting Structures for the Safe Use of MEWPs | IPAF Click here to view the resource 11 OPERATING MEWPS FROM THE PLATFORM CONTROL POSITION DURING RECOVERY/RESCUE PROCEDURES MEWP platform controls are made up of a series of function switches and proportional controls such as drive, lift/lower and slew. Having proportional controls means the MEWP operator will normally have much finer control and more accuracy with the movements of the MEWP compared to the ground controls where the functions are instant. Extra care should be taken when approaching the stranded MEWP platform. Some MEWPs are fitted with boom speed control devices at the platform controls, which can be used to minimise the boom speed functions, such as telescope in and out, jib up and down, etc. In certain circumstances, e.g., a medical emergency, time is of the essence if a platform-to-platform rescue is required. Although this is an emergency situation, it is important not to endanger yourself or others in the area by operating the controls erratically. Check for the presence of power lines or other hazards such as overhead cranes/loads, etc. 12 SUSPENDED PERSONNEL IN A SAFETY HARNESS When identified by risk assessment, PFPE should be worn when operating or working from a MEWP. Where possible, PFPE should be used that physically restrains the user within the platform of the MEWP. Examples of how personnel can become suspended in a safety harness: • Leaning out or overreaching leading to a fall from the platform • The catapult effect • Failure of a load-bearing component • Impact from other equipment or falling objects causing catastrophic damage Any person suspended in a safety harness must be recovered as quickly and as safely as practically possible. A person suspended unconsciously in a safety harness is a medical emergency and requires speedy recovery to a safe location where they can be placed into the recovery position and help can be provided by the emergency services. 18 | WWW.IPAF.ORG If an IP is suspended from the MEWP by their PFPE, you should immediately call the emergency services and provide details of the situation. The IP will need to be rescued – this can either be carried out by lowering the platform from the ground controls or by using another suitable MEWP. When using a MEWP to recover the IP, the platform should (where possible) be placed directly underneath the IP so there is no risk of the IP falling from height when released from their personal fall protection system. Fall Protection in MEWPs (H1) | IPAF Click here to view the resource More Guidance here: Evidence-based review of the current guidance on first aid measures for suspension trauma 13 RESCUE OF INJURED PERSONNEL (IP) IN THE STOWED/TRANSPORT POSITION OR PLACE OF SAFETY IPAF Statement It is not possible for this document to provide a definitive procedure for the safe rescue of an IP when the MEWP is in the stowed/transport position, or a platform which has been lowered to a temporary place of safety. Rescue situations can be complex depending on the MEWPs being used, the environment, the task being undertaken, and personnel involved. The information shown below is guidance only and does not apply to all situations. If a platform occupant has suffered a medical emergency, the emergency services should always be contacted as part of your first response. If the site/location has its own emergency response team, they should also be notified immediately of the situation. Before removing an IP from the stowed/transport position (or a temporary place of safety), it is recommended to consult with the emergency services/response team to ensure it is safe to proceed. If it is not safe, then the IP should not be removed until the emergency services/response team have arrived on site and have provided information on how rescue is to be performed. Once a procedure has been established, a risk assessment should also be undertaken by competent personnel (see Appendix 2). Removal of an IP may be a complex task as there are many factors to consider (the list below is not exhaustive): Rescue personnel • The size/weight/position of the IP • The physical strength and manual handling requirements of the personnel assisting in the rescue to safely move and lower the IP to the ground • • If the IP is conscious or unconscious Injuries already sustained to the IP • Manual handling injuries that could be sustained by rescue personnel • If moving the IP may cause further injury, e.g., a spinal or neck injury THE MEWP • The distance from the floor/ground to the platform of the MEWP when it is in the lowered position (some MEWP platforms are approximately two metres from the ground and are only accessible via the steps and a gate) • • If the MEWP is fitted with collapsible/fold down or removable platform guardrails If the MEWP has suffered damage to the platform and/ or platform entry points making entry/exit difficult Environmental factors • Confined spaces/space restrictions • Hazardous environments, e.g., heat/cold/inclement weather • Restricted access, e.g., narrow corridors, low ceilings Removal of an IP once in the lowered/stowed position or a temporary place of safety may not be possible or could be complex without additional suitable lifting equipment. Considerations of this scenario should be included in your risk assessment and rescue plan. Additionally, if any lifting appliance is used the operator should be adequately trained in its safe use. THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 19 The flowchart below suggests the steps to take to rescue IP(s) from the fully lowered position: Flowchart 3 - Rescue of an IP(s) when the MEWP is fully lowered position Call the emergency services or site response team for advice on whether it is appropriate to attempt to remove the IP(s) Is rescue of the IP authorised? No Yes Risk assess the situation Yes Is it safe to attempt to retrieve the IP(s) No Are there suitable lifting devices and accessories available? No Is it safe to manually lift the IP(s) through the access gate or guardrail? No Yes Ensure your rescue plan includes adequate resources following an injury, prioritising life preservation Remove the IP(s) from the platform one at a time in a safe manner Do not attempt rescue, wait for the emergency services to arrive 20 | WWW.IPAF.ORG 14 RESCUE OF PERSONNEL WHEN A MEWP HAS CONTACTED AN ELECTRICAL HAZARD Examples of electrical hazards are: • Overhead power lines • Underground power lines/cables • Crane buzz bars • Electrical conductors Most MEWPs are not insulated. If a non-insulated MEWP contacts a power line (above, or below ground) there is a risk that the MEWP will conduct/transfer the electrical energy to earth. In this situation platform occupants may or may not be electrocuted, or they can receive an electric shock. If a MEWP has contacted a power line, it may be energised and if anyone approaches or touches it at the base, they too can receive an electric shock or be electrocuted. This is known as touch potential (see Figure 3). The course of action you must take is to immediately call the emergency services to have the power turned off. Only when the Energy Supply Authority (ESA) has confirmed the power is isolated can a rescue or recovery take place. Contact with a live power line could mean the area around the base of the MEWP also becomes live. The voltage will be at its highest at the source but will reduce in voltage the further from the source it gets. If you are on the ground and in close proximity to the MEWP that has touched a live power line, you must move away by jumping or shuffling with your feet together. Move away until you are at least 10 metres away from the MEWP. This effect is called step potential (see Figure 4). If a MEWP contacts a power line, you should follow these steps: • Call the emergency services and explain the situation; provide as much detail as possible. • Do not approach or touch a MEWP that has contacted live power lines. The MEWP should be deemed live until confirmed safe by the ESA. IF YOU TOUCH THE MEWP, YOU CAN BE ELECTROCUTED! Electrical power cannot be seen, so you will not know whether the power line has been isolated. • Never touch a person who appears to be having an electric shock, as you could also receive a shock. • If someone has received an electric shock from a power line but is no longer in contact with the electrical source, you should immediately call the emergency services and, if necessary, administer first aid once it has been confirmed the power source has been isolated. x Figure 3 (Touch potential) Figure 4 (Step potential) THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 21 What should the operator do? If it is possible, the operator should move the platform away from the power line to a safe distance where the electricity cannot jump/arc. If this is not possible, the operator should: 15 TRAINING AND FAMILIARISATION Anyone who performs work at height needs to be adequately trained. The type and depth of training will depend upon the person, and their individual responsibilities. IF YOUR MEWP IS IN CONTACT WITH A POWER LINE, FOLLOW THESE STEPS: Training for managers, supervisors and safety professionals REMAIN IN THE MEWP PLATFORM STAY CALL WAIT CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES WAIT IN THE PLATFORM UNTIL HELP ARRIVES The Safe Use of MEWPs in The Vicinity of Power Lines | IPAF Click here to view the resource 22 | WWW.IPAF.ORG The IPAF MEWPs for Managers (MM) training course is aimed at those who plan, supervise or manage work at height with MEWPs. Companies that use MEWPs need to know what their management and legal responsibilities are and how to ensure the most effective use of MEWPs. This course covers what managers/supervisors need to know for safe and effective use of MEWPs on site, including planning the job, conducting a risk assessment, selecting the right equipment for optimum cost-efficiency and mitigating all possible risks. Training for MEWP operators The IPAF MEWP Operator training course is for anyone who needs to safely and effectively operate a MEWP in any machine category. Also, anyone who may be required to supervise or rescue an operator would benefit from completing the course. This is an entry-level course; candidates do not need any prior experience of operating a MEWP. The qualification, represented by the iconic IPAF Powered Access Licence (PAL) Card, is recognised worldwide as a sign of high-quality operator training. The course consists of a theory section and test, followed by practical training and a test at an IPAF Approved Training Centre. The theory section can be taken either as eLearning, in-person, or virtually. Training for ground rescue personnel It is preferable that the ground rescue person has undergone some form of formal training relevant to the task. However, all ground rescue persons should, as a minimum, be familiarised with the MEWP being used and the rescue procedures in place. This is to ensure they are competent to lower the MEWP platform using the ground/ emergency controls in the work situations to which they are exposed. IPAF Training | IPAF Click here to view the resource 16 PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT (PFPE) IPAF’s Harness Statement (H1) was agreed by industry and gives recommendations when PFPE is to be used in powered access equipment. There are also “special” MEWPs. These are any type 2 MEWPs and certain type 3 MEWPs that operate in a different way to the standard operations, e.g., rail-mounted MEWPs. Depending on the configuration, these can either be controlled from the base or the platform. They require specific operator training due to their unique and often bespoke construction. IPAF recommends PFPE is worn on any “boom type” special MEWP. RESOURCES Fall Protection in MEWPs (H1) | IPAF Click here to view the resource THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 23 APPENDIX APPENDIX 1 MEWP recovery and rescue plan The following is an example of a recovery/rescue plan for people who work at height using a MEWP: MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE PLAN MEWP Manufacturer Model ID or Fleet number Nominated Ground Rescue Person(s) Name Phone Number Communication Method i.e., two-way radio, mobile phone, hand signals, etc. MEWP Owner/Rental Company Name Phone Number Contact Information Site details Address/Location Date (from) Name Situation Date (to) Signature Proposed Action Failure of platform primary controls in the elevated position Where the normal primary power has failed at the platform controls, the MEWP operator will use the platform auxiliary controls (if fitted) to lower the platform to ground, or a place of safety Failure of the operator to be able to operate the MEWP while elevated due to one of the following reasons: A. Operator incapacitated B. Auxiliary functions fail to operate from the platform controls Where the operator is incapable of lowering the raised platform using the platform controls, the ground rescue person who has been familiarised with the ground controls and auxiliary/emergency lowering procedures will lower the platform safely using the primary power at the ground controls Failure of primary power at the ground controls Failure of ALL normal and auxiliary lowering functions Supervisor duties Site management duties Where the ground control primary power has failed, the ground rescue person will use the auxiliary/emergency lowering system at the base of the MEWP to lower the platform Where all primary power and auxiliary/emergency lowering systems have failed, the ground rescue person should report the issue immediately to their supervisor The supervisor should contact the owner/rental company for assistance of a service engineer/technician to attend site. If assistance is not available in an acceptable timescale, they should report the issue to the site management Site management to decide on whether a platform-to-platform rescue is required for the platform occupant(s) This recovery and rescue plan should be brought to the notice of those exposed to the risk of working at height and those supervising and managing the same work at height. 24 | WWW.IPAF.ORG APPENDIX 4 Recommended Training Courses Find details of all IPAF training courses available at: www.ipaf.org/ipaf-mewp-training-courses These include: MEWP Operator – 1A, 1B, 3A, 3B and specials Advanced MEWP Operator Training IPAF PAL+ Demonstrator Harness range of courses MEWPs for Managers MEWP Supervisor (North America) Pre-Delivery Inspection Competent Assessed Person Site Assessment for MEWP Selection IPAF Training Courses | IPAF Click here to view the resource APPENDIX 2 Risk Assessment and Safe Systems of Work (SSoW) Risk Assessment A risk assessment is a careful examination to identify potential hazards in your workplace that could cause harm to people, so you can decide whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm. Only competent persons should conduct risk assessments. They must be able to demonstrate an understanding of the process, the hazard and risks, and the activity that forms the risk. Safe System of Work (SSoW) A SSoW is a thorough process that methodically studies the requirements of a work task. Based on the findings, a system should be established to ensure the task is being conducted in a manner that is safe and involves no, or at least, as little risk to personnel as possible. While a SSoW can take many forms, it is best if it is documented and briefed to required personnel as this will ensure that the user is complying with its obligations to review and consult with workers. Users should ensure that employees are aware of their workplace health and safety obligations and be continuously reminded and updated about risks in the workplace. APPENDIX 3 Applicable Standards (not exhaustive) ISO 18893:2024 - Mobile elevating work platforms — Safety principles, inspection, maintenance and operation ISO 18878:2025 Mobile Elevating Work Platforms — Operator (Driver) Training BS8460:2025 – Code of Practice for the Safe Use of MEWPs AS2550.10: 2025 – Cranes, hoists and winches - Safe use Part 10 ANSI A92.22 – 2021 CAN/CSA-B354 Note: IPAF members get free access to various MEWP-related resources via our website. Membership Benefits | IPAF Click here to view the resource THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 25 HOW TO REPORT www.ipafaccidentreporting.org IPAF and its members analyse anonymised data on incidents involving powered access to identify areas of risk and common trends, which informs guidance, training and safety campaigns. We aim to increase our understanding of working practices and reduce incidents in every country. Reporting is not restricted to IPAF members; any person or organisation can report an incident. In 2021, IPAF launched ePAL, a mobile app for operators and supervisors, which enables quick on-the-spot reporting direct to the IPAF portal of all incidents – including near misses. How to report All accidents, incidents and near-misses can be reported quickly and easily at www.ipafaccidentreporting.org via desktop or laptop PCs, most web-enabled mobile devices, or through the IPAF ePAL app (www.ipaf.org/ePAL) for operators and supervisors. Please register first to report accidents on the database. Reports can also be made anonymously via the portal. Companies wishing to have multiple persons reporting accidents should appoint a nominated person (a senior person who will manage reporting). This nominated person should register first in the company name. Once registered, the nominated person will be able to give others access to report accidents and be able to track their accidents and manage their incident records. Information entered into the database will be kept confidential and will be used strictly for the purposes of analysis and improving safety. What is reported All reported incidents involving powered access are collated by IPAF. This includes incidents that result in death, injury or a person requiring first aid. It also includes near-miss incidents that didn’t result in injury or damage to machines or structures, yet still represented a potentially dangerous situation for machine occupants or bystanders. 26 | WWW.IPAF.ORG The machines The report analyses incidents that occurred when using, delivering and maintaining MEWPs. IPAF also collates incidents involving other machinery including Mast Climbing Work Platforms (MCWPs), and all types of construction hoists. Who can report? Anyone involved in working at height can report an incident to the IPAF portal. The data presented in this report is based on information collected either directly reported via the IPAF portal; obtained by IPAF staff worldwide; using data from regulatory bodies; and through information collated from media reports. IPAF now offers a special customisable dashboard for all members reporting, which enables them to benchmark their company’s performance against regional, national and global data. Confidentiality of data The information provided to IPAF is confidential and private. Information that can identify a person or company involved in a reported incident is removed prior to analysis by IPAF and its committees, and thereafter remains redacted. IPAF has a privacy policy that can help you understand what information we collect, why we collect it, and how you can update, manage, export and delete your information. The full IPAF privacy policy can be found at www.ipaf.org/privacy IPAF Accident Reporting Portal | IPAF Click here to view the resource ABOUT IPAF The International Powered Access Federation (IPAF) promotes and enables the safe and effective use of powered access equipment worldwide in the widest sense – through providing technical advice and information; by influencing and interpreting legislation and standards; and via its safety initiatives and training programmes. IPAF is a not-for-profit organisation owned by its members, which include manufacturers, rental companies, distributors, contractors and users of powered access. IPAF has members in more than 80 countries, who operate the majority of the MEWP rental fleet worldwide and manufacture about 85% of platforms on the market. Contact IPAF Moss End Business Village Crooklands Cumbria LA7 7NU United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)15395 66700 info@ipaf.org www.ipaf.org Become an IPAF member By joining IPAF you are joining a global movement to ensure a safer and more productive powered access industry. Membership also brings a host of special services and benefits including access to the members’ safety analysis dashboard. IPAF brings multiple benefits including the following: • Global harmonisation with regional focus on standards development • Opportunities to network and promote your company • Resources for technical experts • A wide range of products and technical guidance to assist MEWP users, supervisors and user meet their responsibilities • A consensus voice for all industry stakeholders, large and small • Certified training programme to ensure complete, consistent and compliant training For more information about becoming a member of IPAF visit www.ipaf.org/join IPAF would like to thank the members of the working group who helped in the development of this document. Alana Paterson – Taylor Woodrow Rob Cavaleri – Manlift Middle East Martin Law – Winvic James Clare – Niftylift Lee Vickers – Genie Simon Mitchell – Spanset Phillip Ross – Nationwide Platforms Mark Keily – Sunbelt Rentals IPAF – Safety & Technical Department IPAF – Training Department In conjunction with This guidance document was developed in conjunction with the IPAF International Safety Committee. THE PRINCIPLES OF MEWP RECOVERY AND RESCUE | 27 Promote and enable the safe, effective use of powered access worldwide Supplied by: TE-2033-0825-1-en
HM Coroners Office Leicestershire County Council County Hall Glenfield Leicestershire LE3 8RA Moss End Business Village Crooklands Cumbria LA7 7NU, UK +44 (0)15395 66700 info@ipaf.org www.ipaf.org 02 September 2024 Dear Miss Butler I thank you for your letter dated 15th July 2024 and appreciate the thorough review and recommendations provided. The International Powered Access Federation’s (IPAF) objectives are to promote and enable the safe and effective use of powered access equipment worldwide through providing technical advice and information, influencing and interpreting legislation and standards, and through its global safety initiatives and training programmes. IPAF is a not-for-profit organisation owned by its members, which include manufacturers, rental companies, distributors, contractors, and users. IPAF members operate a majority of the MEWP (Mobile Elevated Work Platforms) rental fleet worldwide and manufacture about 85% of platforms on the market. MEWPs are among the safest methods for temporary work at height, and while efforts are focused on avoiding major injuries and fatalities, IPAF believes that these risks can be mitigated through proper training, adequate supervision, thorough planning, comprehensive risk assessment, and effective rescue planning. IPAF's objective is to reduce the number of accidents in the industry and enhance overall safety. IPAF members are deeply committed to promoting and supporting safety initiatives within the industry. IPAF members pushed for the introduction of the IPAF accident reporting portal which provides industry insights into incidents and accidents over the past decade. It was created because of a lack of aggregated and consistent information from other sources. This portal enables IPAF to produce its annual Global Safety Report. The report focuses on the six main causes of serious and fatal incidents relating to Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs). In addition to the global safety report, IPAF launches a safety campaign each year based on the primary causes of fatal and major incidents reported to IPAF. For example, preventing and reducing falls from MEWPs, avoiding electrocutions and the 2024 campaign focuses on MEWP entrapment: https://www.ipaf.org/en-gb/campaigns GOVERNANCE AND COMMITTEES IPAF’s governing body is the IPAF Council, composed of the IPAF Board members, Committee Chairpersons, Country/Regional Council chairpersons, and five directly elected members. Council members are elected for a two-year period by IPAF members. In addition, IPAF also convenes a number of committees from within its member base: IPAF Training Committee The IPAF Training Committee is the custodian of IPAF's training programme and meets quarterly to review issues related to course content, training material and training centre requirements. IPAF International Safety Committee (ISC) The International Safety Committee (ISC) was created by IPAF to assist in globalising standards development, effective implementation, and promoting awareness of industry safe practices. IPAF Manufacturers’ Technical Committee (MTC) The IPAF MTC focuses on technical and safety matters relating to platform design and manufacture. It monitors and informs on changing legislation and technical standards, and lobbies on matters of relevance to manufacturers. IPAF working with other associations Additionally, IPAF represents the industry in various associations, including the APPG (All Party Parliamentary Group) on Falls from Height, and other associations such as the AIF (Access Industry Forum), PSG (Plant Safety Group), which completed its second review of “Guidance on reducing trapping/crushing injuries to people in the MEWP platform” in January 2023. A full list of its technical guidance can be found with this link: https://www.cpa.uk.net/safety-and-technical- publications/plant-safety-group IPAF produces a wealth of free industry resources, including detailed guidance documents, safety posters, short videos, and toolbox talks, based on accident data: • MEWP Rescue Procedures Toolbox Talk- Overhead Obstructions Safety Short IPAF MEWP OPERATOR TRAINING IPAF does not set the syllabus for the whole industry. IPAF’s training course meets the requirements of ISO 18878:2013 Mobile Elevating Work Platforms — Operator (Driver) training. The training is developed by industry experts and staff at IPAF. The IPAF course is one of a number of MEWP operator courses available in the UK. The ability to deliver the IPAF training programme for platform operators, certified by Bureau Veritas as conforming to ISO 18878 is a benefit of IPAF membership. In the UK there are approximately 184 IPAF approved training centres and over 520 IPAF Instructors. Globally more than 200,000 operators are trained each year through a worldwide network of IPAF-approved training providers. Successful trainees are awarded the PAL Card (Powered Access Licence), the most widely held and recognised proof of quality-assured training for platform operators. In the UK the licence is valid for five years. The IPAF PAL training course is a 1–3-day course depending on the delegate’s experience, it focuses on the basic theory of MEWPs, followed by practical training and testing. The course provides the MEWP operator with basic training only. MEWP Operators who pass the practical tests are provided with a logbook (now in the form of a digital logbook through the ePAL app) which allows them to log familiarisation and their MEWP experience, building their experience over time. The IPAF Operator course syllabus covers: • Regulations and guidance • MEWPs • Structural parts • Familiarisation and pre-use inspection • Platform movements and travel • Ground conditions • Hazard awareness • Operation The rescue hierarchy which is well recognised in the industry and contained within British Standards is: 1. Self-rescue 2. Ground rescue 3. Service engineer/technician 4. Mid-air / platform to platform 5. Emergency services During the course, each delegate is required to demonstrate the ability to use both ground and platform auxiliary/rescue controls to safely lower the platform to the ground. In the final Operation section of the course, the candidates discuss the requirement to have a rescue plan. This is a learning exercise where trainees are asked what they feel are the steps necessary to rescue. The relevant aspects of when and how you would enact a rescue are then presented to them in theory. One of the stages within the hierarchy of rescue is that of mid-air rescue – often referred to as Platform-to-Platform rescue. Also, within the Operation section there is a video which depicts a MEWP travelling in a rearward direction, where the operator fails to look in the direction of travel, leading to an impact that causes entrapment, this emphasises the need and requirement for a rescue plan and having a nominated ground rescue person present. OTHER TRAINING OFFERED BY IPAF In addition to the operator training as detailed above IPAF offers a number of training courses for differing roles and levels of experience and knowledge. IPAF PAL+ MEWP Operator Training IPAF PAL+ is an optional, additional one day of category-specific advanced training qualification aimed at operators working in higher risk or challenging environments. IPAF MEWPs for Managers Aimed at those who plan, supervise, or manage work at height activities with MEWPs. This course covers what managers need to know for safe and effective use of MEWPs on site, including planning, conducting a risk assessment, selecting the right equipment for optimum cost-efficiency, mitigating all possible risks and preparation of a rescue plan. MEWP RESCUE It is the User’s responsibility to provide and prepare a rescue plan, as documented in various legislation, i.e., Work at Height Regulations, Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations, Construction Design and Management Regulations, and the Health and Safety at Work Act. User is defined in BS8460:2017 Code of practice for the safe use of MEWPs as a: person or organization that has control of the planning, management, and use of the MEWP on site and is responsible for the MEWP to be kept in a safe working condition 1. NOTE 1 This can include the person responsible for the site, principal contractor, or subcontractor. 2. NOTE 2 This is not necessarily the same as the operator IPAF and its members’ position has always been that IPAF’s role is not to provide training for platform-to-platform rescue as it is crucial that the User of the MEWP has put their own rescue plan in place which will be unique to their circumstances on the day. Rescue can differ significantly depending on the task, the environment, the types of MEWPs being used and the level of experience of the MEWP operator(s) and rescuer(s). The importance of the rescue plan is stressed in all of IPAF’s training courses and guidance documents. MEWP operator training cannot and should not try to duplicate this, because importantly, it is impractical and inappropriate to provide specialist training such as “platform to platform” rescue within the more general and basic IPAF PAL Card training syllabus. IPAF, however, fully takes on board the consequences of this incident and the findings of the coroner and as such understands the urgency to review its current position. Proposal in response to the coroners’ findings In light of this incident IPAF proposes to bring this matter to the industry through its elected members at its board and council meeting to consider its current position on rescue plans. The next IPAF Council meeting will be held on 10th September 2024, and I will table the subject of Rescue from MEWPs including Platform-to-Platform with the members present. My recommendations to discuss with the IPAF Council will include: Forming an industry working group to discuss platform-to-platform rescue, including the following options: 1. Developing a separate practical based ‘module’ on platform-to-platform rescue 2. Producing specific guidance on platform-to-platform rescue and platform to ground rescue, 3. Preparing an enhanced pictorial toolbox talk 4. Creating a platform-to-platform safety video From experience, work groups of this type will take at least 6-9 months to prepare and produce the necessary presentation, examinations etc. INDUSTRY RESOURCES – PREPARED OR SUPPORTED BY IPAF • Guidance on Emergency Rescue • MEWP Rescue Procedures Toolbox Talk • MEWP Rescue Plan Toolbox Talk • CPA Plant Safety Group Publications IPAF has been involved in creating and updating various documents, including Annex D of the CPA’s “Rescue of persons from MEWPs, and the British Standard BS8460:2017 – Code of practice for the safe use of MEWP which has information contained in Annex G (Informative) for an example of a rescue plan. For context in Annex B – BS8460:2017 Code of practice for the safe use of MEWPs shows the following with regards to a hierarchy for rescue from MEWPs. Yours faithfully, Head of Safety and Technical
RE: Inquest of Jason Vaughan Holland – Preven(cid:415)on of future Death Report With regards to the content of the ITSSAR course syllabus ‘MISC 553 – Course Syllabus and Operator Tes(cid:415)ng Standards’ and how ITSSAR expect their accredited training organisa(cid:415)ons to approach training and tes(cid:415)ng delivered on these machines. ITSSAR follow the basis of the L117 approved code of prac(cid:415)ce for li(cid:332) trucks – operator training and safe use as it outlines the following: ‘Even though the ACOP and guidance on training apply to stacking rider operated li(cid:332) trucks and do not explicitly cover all types of li(cid:332) truck, the general principles can be used as a guide when training operators of other truck types.’ ‘The general guidance in paragraphs 97-181 covers a range of li(cid:332) trucks with forks, for example, industrial counterbalanced trucks, industrial reach trucks, rough terrain counterbalanced trucks, variable reach trucks (telehandlers), side-loading trucks, container-handling trucks, ar(cid:415)culated trucks, pedestrian-operated trucks (pallet stackers), order-picking trucks, very narrow aisle (VNA) trucks and straddle trucks. This is not an exhaus(cid:415)ve list.’ Some of the machine types listed within this publica(cid:415)on include VNA and order picking machines require the operator to be elevated to work. The L117 publica(cid:415)on includes the following three types of training of which our course syllabus covers the first stage (basic): What should training include? Basic training: the basic skills and knowledge required to operate a li(cid:332) truck safely and efficiently. Specific job training: knowledge and understanding of the opera(cid:415)ng principles Familiarisa(cid:415)on training: applying what has been learnt, under normal working condi(cid:415)ons on the job. Basic and specific job training, which can be combined, should take place off the job. With regards to sec(cid:415)on 5 of the regula(cid:415)on 28 report: ITSSAR feel that under the basic training and tes(cid:415)ng standards we provide operators with sufficient skill and knowledge to operate the machine safely and efficiently. However, with specific regards to rescue at height ITSSAR would like to outline the following poten(cid:415)al issues with compiling a training programme specifically for this type of rescue: The operators o(cid:332)en a(cid:425)end training centres for basic training that are completely different to the working environments that they will be expected to operate in The operators of the MEWP will not necessarily be the persons involved with rescue from height as they are the operator who will be in the pla(cid:414)orm should such a rescue be necessary A suitable and sufficient risk assessment will be required to be performed by the employer, specific to the work being performed at height within their specific working environments. With regards to poten(cid:415)al improvement areas iden(cid:415)fied within our course syllabus: Within the knowledge sec(cid:415)on of the syllabus, we will request the training providers to include the following addi(cid:415)ons: All work at height is properly planned and organised specifically stating the hierarchy of control measures is as follows: Avoid working at height where possible. Use work equipment or other measures to prevent falls, where work at height cannot be avoided. Use work equipment or other measures to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall, should one occur. In addition: Ensure that work at height on a MEWP should not be performed without prior agreement and familiarisation by an operator to a company specific rescue plan relevant to the machine type, task being performed and working environment. Inclusion of the importance of having a safe system of work in place specifically relevant to lone working that includes: 1. Assessing areas of risk including violence, manual handling, the medical suitability of the individual to work alone and whether the workplace itself presents a risk to them; 2. Requirements for training, levels of experience and how best to monitor and supervise them; 3. Having systems in place to keep in touch with them and respond to any incident. ITSSAR instructors are all trained: In instruc(cid:415)onal techniques and methods Hold operator cer(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on for the machine types they will be expected to deliver training and tes(cid:415)ng on. Are recommended to analyse all tasks on the MEWP covered in training and compile suitable lesson plans rela(cid:415)ng to the specific key points to achieve the elements, knowledge and skill detailed within the a(cid:425)ached course syllabus. ITSSAR would like to stress that they will be extremely keen to be involved in any future discussions or groups that are compiled to help- improve training and tes(cid:415)ng standards within the industry.
HM Coroners Office Coroner’s Office North Leicestershire and Rutland Leicestershire County Council Glenfield LE3 8RA 06 September 2024 Dear Miss Butler In response to your notification in reference to Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths dated and received 15 July 2024. Lantra offer specific MEWP training. This training is designed in consultation with industry and manufacturers and aligns to the National Occupational Standards and relevant Health and Safety Legislation. This course ensures that operators have the underpinning knowledge and practical skills to operate a MEWP safely. The course has a theory test and a practical assessment to ensure operators have met the required level. I have attached a copy of our Technical Guide, Operator Assessment Report and Theory Test for your records. Our course covers the theory of what to do in an Emergency, as shown from page 41 of our Technical Guide, and is clear that it is the responsibility of the employer/user to ensure a sufficient risk assessment and rescue plan is in place as referenced in various legislation such as The Work at Height Regulations 4. Organisation and Planning. Management of Health and Safety at Work regulations, The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. Our primary sector is Agriculture, and as such it is very unlikely that sites will have two MEWPS, therefore training in basket-to-basket rescue will not be of great assistance, as such Lantra has not considered providing this training. Our training is explicit that an operative should not be outside of the basket, meaning there shouldn’t be any opportunity for an operative to get trapped. We will review our materials and make sure that this message is conveyed in the strongest terms, following this guidance will be the best way to mitigate any repeat of the incident you investigated. However, we appreciate best practice is not always followed. Therefore, we will enhance our course to increase the practical risk assessment aspect for learners to consider the rescue means available relative to their employers’ premises. For example, there will almost certainly be a Telescopic Material Handler on site, and these can be fitted with a Personnel Platform – our Lift Truck training course covers the use of this, and we will update our training materials to reference this. In response to your findings, we intend to – Work directly with one of our competitors (NPORS) to create a committee to confirm if a specific MEWP Rescue Training Course has a place in the market. This is planned for the 1st of October 2024. Update our training materials to highlight the use of a Personnel Platform as a method for rescue. These will be launched to our network on 1st of November 2024. Update our training materials to highlight a specific MEWP rescue course which is being created by one of our competitors (RTITB). This will be done once the course has been created. Include a 3rd element to our practical assessment which will be the completion of a Risk Assessment, which will include creation of a rescue plan. Review and update our Theory Test Questions to ensure that MEWP Rescue is covered. These will be launched to our network on 1st of November 2024. Update our Instructors Risk Assessment Guidance to ensure that they are aware of the potential Risks and Emergency procedures. These will be launched to our network on 1st of November 2024. Should you need any further information please do not hesitate to contact me. Yours faithfully Head of Quality and Compliance (including Health & Safety) All Word documents should be set as follows: • Font: Arial • Main body text size should be 11pt • Margins: top, bottom, left, right set at 2.5cm
HM Coroners Office
Coroner’s Office
North Leicestershire and Rutland
Leicestershire county council
Glenfield
LE3 8RA
04 September 2024
Dear Miss Butler
I write to you in reference to regulation 28 Report To Prevent Future Deaths dated
received 15 July 2024.
We have two specific operator courses’ that cover the use of MEWPS which are N108
MEWP Boom and N109 MEWP Scissor, the outcomes and objectives are designed
around the NOS, Legislation and industry approved practices and are designed to
ensure operators have the basic underpinning knowledge and practical skill to operate
them safely within the workplace. The course syllabus covers:
• Dangers of working in the industry and operator’s responsibility
• Knowledge of manufactures handbook and legislation
• Major component parts
• Pre use inspection
• Driving- braking-steering controls
• Emergency lowering
• Configure machine for travel
• Configure machine for travel and manoeuvre safely on level/rough ground-
inclines- open areas- confined areas
• Conduct all necessary safety checks including overhead and underground
hazards
• Configure in readiness to carry out accessing tasks and varying heights
• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of loading and unloading machine
for transportation
• Carry out all end of shift shut down procedures
During the course each operator is required to demonstrate the use of both platform
and ground/ rescue controls to safely lower platform. The final stage of the course
involves operator’s undergoing a theoretical and practical test whereby they must
ensure that a safe system of work and rescue plan is in place before commencing and
that they can then successfully demonstrate the use of ground/rescue controls.
MEWP Rescue:
It is the responsibility of the employer/user to ensure a sufficient risk assessment and
rescue plan is in place as referenced in various legislation such as The Work at Height
Regulations 4. Organisation and Planning. Management of Health and Safety at Work
regulations, The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974.
NPORS has not considered providing training for platform-to-platform rescue as this
will solely be the responsibility of the employer/user of the MEWP to put in place a
rescue plan that will be unique to the activities/tasks/environment and types of MEWP
in use on the day.
Proposal in response to coroners’ findings:
In light of this incident NPORS will arrange a subcommittee within the technical
department to review our current position on rescue plans to be scheduled for 1st
October 2024. NPORS will liaise with other lead bodies within the industry such as
IPAF, ABA members, CITB to explore further on how this can be addressed however a
timescale being placed on this will be determined by the responses.
Yours sincerely,
Quality Training & Development Director
We Are Committed | We Are Confident | We Challenge North Leicestershire and Rutland HM Coroner’s Office Leicestershire County Council County Hall Glenfield Leics LE3 8RAS 7th August 2024 RE: Jason Vaughan HOLLAND 0192-2023 Dear Miss F Butler I am writing in response to your recent communication regarding the unfortunate fatality of Jason Vaughan Holland which I read with great sadness. I have reviewed the information you provided and appreciate the thoroughness of your investigation. I can confirm that our MEWP Basic Training course includes sessions and content on the Emergency Escape and Rescue Plans. I have supplied excerpts below from the trainer’s guide for reference. Please also find attached a copy of our instructor’s guide for your review. Introduction (page 5) Prior to carrying out a training course, an appropriate risk assessment should be completed by a competent person, in accordance with the Work at Height Regulations 2005. The risk assessment should be accompanied by a suitable lifting plan and appropriate emergency and rescue procedures. Session 2 – Regulations (page 47 - 53) By the end of this session, candidates will be able to: • Recall and discuss safety legislation that applies to the operation and use of a Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP) • Discuss how relevant legislation relates to employer and employee duties under the Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974. Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) • Regulation 5 – measures are in place to prevent the risk of being crushed, trapped, struck or falling from the platform and necessary provisions for rescue. Working at Height Regulations 2005 (WAHR) • A rescue plan, which should not rely on the emergency services, but instead may require a person on the ground capable of lowering the elevated platform. Session 5 – Hazards Associated with Siting MEWPs (page 103) By the end of this sessions, candidates will be able to: • Identify and discuss potential hazards that could be encountered during the siting of a Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP). • Discuss steps that can be taken to minimise the risks associated with siting a MEWP. Discuss with the candidates the importance of having a rescue plan in place and the importance of communicating it to all concerned. The content of a rescue plan should include: • Location of the ground control key - this should ideally be located in the base unit for ease of access or somewhere else at ground level where it can be quickly retrieved. • Appointment of the ground rescue person – this should be someone who knows the rescue plan and who is trained and authorised to operate the machine, including the emergency rescue controls. They should always be readily available in the event of an emergency. • How the alarm can be raised – this needs careful consideration, especially where the operator is working alone and may not be able to be seen from the ground. • How the rescue should be actioned and by whom – this would depend on the complexity of the operation and the risk of effecting a ground control rescue compared to the risk of the operator, possibly in a state of panic, trying to rescue themselves. Where possible the following order of priority should be followed: 1. Let the operator attempt to rescue themselves by retracing their steps in reverse to attempt to resolve the issue. In the event of the MEWP being snagged or caught on an object, they should not attempt to free themselves. 2. Only allow trained and authorised ground rescue staff to operate the ground controls to effect a rescue. This should only be carried out if visibility and understanding of the situation on the platform is apparent. 3. Other methods of emergency rescue are possible/available. However, these should all be thoroughly risk assessed and should only be conducted in conjunction with the manufacturer’s instructions, rescue plans or under the guidance/intervention of the emergency services and should also be in accordance with BS8460:2017. Session 6.3a – Controls and Instruments (page 106 - 107) By the end of this session, candidates will be able to: • Identify and demonstrate their knowledge of the Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP) ground controls including emergency lowering controls • Explain and demonstrate the correct mounting/dismounting of a MEWP • Identify and demonstrate their knowledge of the MEWP platform controls • Demonstrate the correct procedure for deploying the extending platform. Emergency Lowering Procedure Remind the candidates of the importance of rescue plan (covered in a previous session). Re- emphasise the importance rescue/escape plans when working with a raised platform. Confirm with the candidates their understanding that the first step would be to rescue themselves, where possible. However, where the person on the platform is unable to do this, for example, if they are unconscious, then the controls can be switched from platform to ground using the key controls on the chassis. This will enable someone at ground level to then lower the platform accordingly, enabling the safe rescue of the person on the platform. Emphasise that this procedure should only be carried out by someone who has been trained in the rescue procedures and is familiar with the machine and its controls. Refer the candidates to the manufacturer’s handbook where the location and function of the emergency lowering controls are explained. Explain that if the machine loses power with someone trapped at height on the platform, an operator on the ground would use manual controls, normally found on the chassis adjacent to the ground controls, to manipulate the platform back to its parked position. These controls function without any power supply. Careful planning should be undertaken as to the safest and most efficient way of getting the platform down. Again, explain that this should only be carried out by someone who has been trained in the rescue procedures and is familiar with the machine and its controls. Refer the candidates to the relevant section of the manufacturer’s handbook for details. Note: This procedure should only be carried out in either the event of an emergency or where the process has been planned and risk assessed accordingly. Under close supervision, allow the candidates to demonstrate their ability to safely: • Activate the isolation switch, insert the key and switch between the ground and platform controls • Raise and lower the platform smoothly by using the ground controls, using good all-round observations • Raise the platform to the maximum height and then lower the platform using the emergency release lever • Isolate the machine and remove the key. Optional Session 2 - Handover of a MEWP and Specific Training (page 203) By the end of this session, candidates will be able to: • Discuss the requirements of the handover process for a Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP) • Identify the need for specific training. The above emphasises the importance of incorporating the knowledge needed to implement escape routes when operating machinery in the workplace. Due to the complexity of each site and the tasks performed, we cannot specify a particular route to follow. It is the duty holder’s responsibility to ensure that a thorough risk assessment is conducted for the tasks at hand and to select suitable escape routes. These routes should be communicated to every team member. Thank you for your attention to this matter. If you require any further information or have additional questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. (Head of Technical Services) Sincerely, RTITB
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