Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Joan Knight

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0566, written 22 Oct 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report22 Oct 2024
Reference2024-0566
DeceasedJoan Knight
CoronerLouise Hunt
Coroner areaBirmingham and Solihull
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

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REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:   
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust 
CORONER 

 I am Louise Hunt, Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull 
CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

 I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

 On 11 June 2024 I commenced an investigation into the death of Joan Margaret KNIGHT. The 
investigation concluded at the end of the Inquest . The conclusion of the inquest was; Died from 
the consequences of a recognised complication following treatment for severe coronary artery 
stenosis 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH  

 Mrs Knight suffered an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction on 16/05/24 and had treatment by 
way of angioplasty to her right coronary artery with a stent being fitted. The procedure was 
complicated as she was found to have significant calcium build up in the coronary artery. It was 
also noted that the left anterior descending artery had severe narrowing. Initially after the 
procedure she was pain free; however she began to experience further chest pain on 18/05/24 
which was treated with medication. The chest pain recurred on 20/05/24 and a further procedure to 
insert a stent into the left anterior descending artery was undertaken on 21/05/24. During the 
procedure access was difficult and significant calcification was noted. During ballooning the 
coronary artery ruptured and was successfully treated with a stent. Whilst initially stable after the 
procedure her condition deteriorated, and she presented with an unrecordable blood pressure. A 
bedside echocardiogram confirmed a collection of blood around the heart and an emergency 
pericardial aspiration was undertaken and she was taken back to the cardiac catheter lab where a 
covered stent was fitted to try to treat the bleeding at the site of the previous perforation. The 
bleeding was difficult to control and arrangements were made to transfer her to the Queen 
Elizabeth Hospital where a CT scan confirmed bleeding in the abdomen. She was taken to theatre 
where no site for bleeding was found in the abdomen; however a small perforation in the right 
ventricle was identified and repaired which was likely caused when the emergency aspiration 
procedure was undertaken. Sadly, she developed multi organ failure in the post operative period 
and passed away on 25/05/24. 

Based on information from the Deceased’s treating clinicians, the medical cause of death was 
determined to be: 

 1a   Multiple organ failure 

 1b   intrabdominal bleeding from chest compressions and ventricular bleeding secondary to 
emergency pericardial aspiration (operated) 

 1c   cardiac tamponade 

 1d treatment for severe stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery leading to 
perforation and bleeding 

  
  
  
  
  
  II    Myocardial infarction (treated) 
CORONER’S CONCERNS 

 During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my 
opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is 
my statutory duty to report to you. 

 The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  – 

1.   The mortality review that was undertaken in this case was completed incorrectly and 
contained contradictory terms about whether the death was avoidable. This raises a 
concern that mortality reviews are not being conducted correctly and that there could be 
inadequate learning from cases raising a risk of future deaths. 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

 In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power to 
take such action. 

YOUR RESPONSE 

 You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 
17 December 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.  

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

 I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons: 

The family of Mrs Knight. 

 I have also sent it to the Medical Examiner, ICS, NHS England, CQC. 

 I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

 The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may 
send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may 
make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the 
publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 
 22 October 2024  

Signature: 

Louise Hunt 

Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull 

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Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (PDF)
Executive Office of the Chair & Chief Executive 
Chair 
Chief Executive 
Executive Office  

: 
: 
: 

11th December 2024  

Mrs Louise Hunt  
HM Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull  

By way of email only: 

Dear Mrs Hunt  

Inquest touching the death of Mrs Joan Knight 
Response to Regulation 28 Report to prevent future deaths 

I  am  writing  in response  to the  Regulation 28  notice issued following  the  conclusion  of the 
inquest on 21 October 2024, into the death of Mrs Joan Knight at Queen Elizabeth Hospital 
Birmingham  (part  of  University  Hospital  Birmingham  NHS  Foundation  Trust).    I  extend  my 
sincere apologies to Mrs Knight’s family.   

I  note  your  narrative  conclusion  was  that  Mrs  Knight  died  from  the  consequences  of  a 
recognised complication following treatment for severe coronary artery stenosis. 

I  further  note  your  concern  regarding  the  risk  of  future  deaths,  which  has  been  addressed 
below.    The  focus  of  the  actions  has  been  at  the  Queen  Elizabeth  Hospital  Birmingham 
(QEHB)  but  the  learning  identified  in  this  response  has  been  shared  with  each  of  the 
responsible Hospital Medical Directors and Directors of Nursing covering QEHB, Birmingham 
Heartlands Hospital and Good Hope Hospital respectively for implementation. 

We have carefully considered the concerns raised within your report to prevent future deaths, 
relating to the conduct and recording of mortality reviews.  

Concern: 
The mortality review that was undertaken in this case was completed incorrectly and 
contained contradictory terms about whether the death was avoidable.  This raises a 
concern that mortality reviews are not being concluded correctly and that there could 
be inadequate learning from cases raising a risk of future deaths. 

As  part  of  our  disclosure  to  you for  the  inquest we  provided a copy  of the  mortality review 
completed by the speciality responsible for Mrs Knight at their M&M meeting.  

Following review and discussion with the speciality we have learnt that they are one of only 
two specialties still  using  legacy IT software (Dendrite)  for  capturing  mortality  reviews.  The 
software  allowed  the  input  of  multiple  methodology  coding  scores  for  recording;  Quality  of 
Care,  Preventability  and  Categorisation/Nature  of  Death,  which  could  potentially  appear 
contradictory.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
       
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 We have taken the following immediate steps to rectify this concern and reduce the likelihood 
of reoccurrence: 

1.  We  have  requested  that  the  speciality  use  the  three  methodology  coding  scores 
recommended by the Learning from Deaths Team in line with the rest of the Trust and 
we have disabled the use of all other methodology coding fields on the software. 
2.  We  have  identified  the  specialities  within  the  Trust  who  are  currently  using  the 
Dendrite software for capturing mortality review. (Cardiology plus one other speciality, 
both on the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital site) 

3.  A new Mortality & Morbidity recording platform has been developed and is to be piloted 

prioritising the two identified specialities using the Dendrite software.  

In addition, the following planned steps are due to be completed within the next 12 months: 

1.  A New Mortality & Morbidity recording platform is to be rolled out across the remainder 

of the Trust once piloted. 

2.  Updated Mortality & Morbidity standards are to be published and readily available on 

the Trust intranet. 

3.  The introduction of a Trust Mortality Committee, commencing in December 2024. 

I would like to assure you that the concerns raised within the Regulation 28 Report have been 
taken  extremely  seriously,  which  I  hope  is  demonstrated  in  the  steps  we  have  taken  in 
reviewing and strengthening our systems, processes and training provision to our teams. 

Yours sincerely   

Chief Executive

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