Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2025

Tina Doig

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2025-0230, written 16 May 2025. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report16 May 2025
Reference2025-0230
DeceasedTina Doig
CoronerLouise Hunt
Coroner areaBirmingham and Solihull
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published3

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

• University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
• Secretary of State for Health
• Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Service

CORONER 

 I am Louise Hunt, HM Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

 I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

 On 2 September 2024 I commenced an investigation into the death of Tina Louise DOIG. The 
investigation concluded at the end of the inquest . The conclusion of the inquest was; Her death 
was a consequence of a serious underlying blood cancer which progressed to acute myeloid 
leukaemia contributed to by sepsis due to prolonged immunosuppression, a failed first stem cell 
transplant caused by a failure to undertake appropriate testing on the donor and recipient before 
transplant and a subsequent Stem cell transplant. 

1 

2 

3 

 4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH  

  Mrs Doig was diagnosed with myelodysplasia (a rare blood cancer) in September 2023. 
She had an aggressive haematological condition with high-risk features and was at risk of 
developing acute myeloid leukaemia. The normal treatment for this condition is a stem cell 
transplant (SCT) which was to be sourced as soon as possible given the risk of progression 
of her disease. She was initially treated with chemotherapy and her condition went into 
remission. Mrs Doig had an unusual HLA type which was highly sensitised with many HLA 
antibodies. This meant any transfusion or SCT needed to be carefully tested to ensure it 
was suitable for Mrs Doig. Initial attempts were made to identify an unrelated stem cell 
donor but unfortunately one could not be found. As a result Mrs Doig's 2 sons were tested 
for haploidentical donors. As the SCT was coming from a son it would always be only a 50% 
match. It was determined that one of her sons was a suitable donor. During the testing 
undertaken on her son no virtual crossmatch comparing the donors HLA antibody profile to 
Mrs Doig’s HLA type was undertaken despite it being known that Mrs Doig had an unusual 
HLA type with many HLA antibodies. This was due to a failure to appreciate the significance 
of this testing for Mrs Doig, a communication failure between the hospital and the 
transfusion service, no additional sample being sent for Mrs Doig and no MDT being 
undertaken to discuss the treatment being proposed, thus losing the opportunity to discuss 
existing donor specific antibodies and the risk of SCT graft failure. Mrs Doig was admitted 
to hospital for pre transplant conditioning on 27/03/24 and received a SCT from on 04/04/24 
to which she had an extreme reaction. By 25/04/24 the SCT had not engrafted and further 
checks were done which identified that there were specific antibodies present which 
explained the failure of the SCT. Mrs Doig remained in hospital and was treated for infection 
until she was well enough to be discharged home on 31/05/24. An umbilical cord donor was 
identified, and Mrs Doig was admitted to hospital on 13/06/24 for pre transplant conditioning 
before she received a double umbilical cord transplant on 29/06/24. Post transplant Mrs 
Doig had low grade fevers and raised inflammatory markers and was treated for 
bacteraemia. Mrs Doig deteriorated on 31/07/24 and was treated for atypical respiratory 
infection. She was admitted to ITU on 06/08/24 and it was confirmed that the SCT had 
grafted on 07/08/24. Whilst on ITU she was treated for chest sepsis and developing multi 
organ failure and had PV bleeding. She remained very unwell and had two cardiac arrests 
on 14th and 16th August. She sadly passed away later than day. Tests taken during the last 
days of her life confirmed that sadly her underlying condition had progressed to acute 
myeloid leukaemia which was untreatable. 

Based on information from the Deceased’s treating clinicians the medical cause of death was 
determined to be: 

 1a   Multiple organ failure 

 1b   Sepsis due to immunosuppression from stem cell transplants 

 1c   myelodysplasia progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia 

 1d   

 II    failed first stem cell transplant and subsequent second stem cell transplant 

 CORONER’S CONCERNS 

 During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my 
opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is 
my statutory duty to report to you. 

 The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  – 

1. The inquest heard evidence that the haematology department at the time of Mrs Doig’s

stem cell transplant was understaffed and working beyond its capacity quite often leaving 
the team with very little time for comprehensive reviews. 
haematologist at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust confirmed at the 
inquest that the position remained the same today. This raises a concern that further 
deaths will occur and action is required.

, consultant 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

 In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power to 
take such action. 

YOUR RESPONSE 

 You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 
11 July 2025. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

5 

6 

7 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.  

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

 I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons: 

The family of Tina Doig 

NHSBT 

8 

 I have also sent it to the Medical Examiner, NHS England, CQC, who may find it useful or of 
interest. 

 I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

 The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. She 
may send a copy of this report to any person who she believes may find it useful or of interest. You 
may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or 
the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

  16 May 2025 

9 

Signature: 

Louise Hunt 

Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull

Responses

3 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Birmingham ICB (PDF)
NHS Birmingham and Solihull 
Integrated Care Board 

                                    8th Floor 
                                    Alpha Tower 
                                    Suffolk Street 
                                    Queensway 
                                    Birmingham 
                                    B1 1TT 

www.birminghamsolihull.icb.nhs.uk  

11 July 2025 

Mrs Hunt 

Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull 

By way of email only: coroner@birmingham.gov.uk 

Dear Mrs Hunt, 

Inquest concerning the death of Tina Doig.  

Response to Regulation 28 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

I am writing in response to the Regulation 28 notice issued following the conclusion of the Inquest held on 
15 and 16 May 2025 concerning the death of Mrs Doig, who sadly died on 16 August 2024 at Queen Elizabeth 
Hospital Birmingham, part of University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB).  

First and foremost we extend our sincere condolences to Mrs Doig’s family and friends.  

We acknowledge the serious concerns raised regarding staffing levels and capacity in the haematology de-
partment  at  the  time  of Mrs  Doig’s  stem  cell  treatment  and  the  importance  of  taking meaningful action to 
prevent future deaths. 

NHS Birmingham and Solihull (BSOL ICB) has carefully considered the issues outlined in your report and is 
working closely with UHB to support the actions and recruitment plans detailed in their response to the Reg-
ulation 28 notice dated 8th July 2025.   

The ICB takes the recommendations within the Regulation 28 report extremely seriously. We are committed 
to support UHB in delivering the necessary improvements to the service and we recognise the importance of 
learning from this tragic event to help prevent similar incidents in the future.   

If we can be of any further assistance at this time, please do not hesitate to contact me. 

Yours sincerely  

Chief Executive, ICB NHS Birmingham and Solihull
Response from Dhsc (PDF)
Minister of State for Health (Secondary Care)  

39 Victoria Street  
London  
SW1H 0EU  

24 July 2025  

Our ref: 

HM Coroner Louise Hunt  
The Birmingham and Solihull Coroner’s Court,   
Steelhouse Lane,   
Birmingham  
B4 6BJ  

By email: 

Dear Ms Hunt,   

Thank you for the Regulation 28 report of 16 May 2025 sent to the Secretary of State about the 
death of Mrs Tina Louise Doig. I am replying as the Minister with responsibility for Secondary Care.        

Firstly, I would like to say how saddened I was to read of the circumstances of Mrs Doig’s death, and 
I  offer  my  sincere  condolences  to  their  family  and  loved  ones.  The  circumstances  your  report 
describes are very concerning and I am grateful to you for bringing these matters to my attention.   

The report raises concerns that the Trust’s haematology department at the time of Mrs Doig’s stem 
cell transplant was understaffed, often leaving very little time for comprehensive reviews to be carried 
out. A consultant haematologist from the Trust confirmed this situation was continuing at the time of 
the inquest.   

Individual NHS Trusts and other employers are responsible for ensuring that there are sufficient 
staff to provide safe care. I would expect NHS Trusts and other relevant organisations to review 
their staffing levels, including in non-patient facing roles, to ensure that they are appropriate in the 
wake of the death of Mrs Doig.  

Trusts already have a duty through Regulation 18 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 
(Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014 to regularly review the number of staff and range of skills 
needed to safely meet the needs of people using their services.  

I note that you have also sent this report to University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, 
and Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Service and expect that they will respond regarding 
the concerns about the services involved.   

I hope this response is helpful. Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention.    

  
  
   
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 Yours sincerely,   

MINISTER OF STATE FOR HEALTH
Response from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (PDF)
8th July 2025   

STRICTLY PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 
ADDRESSEE ONLY 

For the attention of Mrs Louise Hunt 
Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull 

Sent by way of email only: 

Dear Mrs Hunt 

Inquest touching the death of Tina Doig 
Response to Regulation 28 Report to prevent future deaths 

I  am  writing  in response  to the  Regulation  28  notice issued following  the  conclusion  of the 
Inquest on 15 and 16 May 2025 touching the death of Mrs Doig who died on 16 August 2024 
at  Queen  Elizabeth  Hospital  Birmingham  (part  of  University  Hospitals  Birmingham  NHS 
Foundation Trust (UHB)).  

The matter of concern was: 
The inquest heard evidence that the haematology department at the time of Mrs Doig’s stem 
cell transplant was understaffed and working beyond its capacity quite often leaving the team 
with  very  little  time  for  comprehensive  reviews. 
,  consultant  haematologist  at 
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust confirmed at the inquest that the position remained 
the same today. This raises a concern that further deaths will occur, and action is required. 

University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the Department of Haematology 
at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham were deeply saddened by the death of Mrs Doig and 
recognise that there were deficiencies in her care for which we offer our unreserved apologies. 
As you heard at the Inquest, process failings in the pathway through which Mrs Doig’s pre-
transplant care was managed led to the failure to recognise that she had significant levels of 
donor-specific antibodies against her son who was her prospective haplo-identical donor. Had 
information about the donor specific antibodies been available to the haematology team pre-
transplant,  it  would  have  been  incorporated  into  decision  making  relating  to  her  care  and 
shared with Mrs Doig and her family. Due to a failure of communication between NHSBT & 
UHB, this did not happen.  

Following the discovery of this communication failure, the pathway underpinning SCT work-
up  and  care  was  rapidly  reviewed,  and  immediate  measures  were  put  in  place  to  mitigate 
continuing risks. These mitigations were scrutinised and further expanded through the learning 
response (LR) investigation that UHB undertook in collaboration with NHSBT. As described in 
evidence  presented  to  the  Inquest,  both  organisations  are  satisfied  that  the  co-produced 
changes to the pathway for SCT will secure the care of current and future patients at UHB. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In monitoring the safety of the Stem Cell Transplant Programme, UHB also takes assurance 
from  its  external  accreditation  provided  by  the  Joint  Accreditation  Committee of  the 
International Society for Cellular Therapy & the European-group for Bone Marrow Transplant 
(JACIE).  Certification is  the  means  by  which  a  centre  demonstrates  that  it  is  performing  a 
required level of practice in accordance with agreed standards of excellence and operates an 
effective quality management system. UHB’s Stem Cell Transplant Programme was inspected 
over 2 days in March 2024 and was recertified on the basis of that inspection with only minor 
actions to be implemented.  

The  European  Blood  and  Marrow  Transplantation  (EBMT)  Benchmarking  Group  issued  its 
most recent Report of Outcomes After Haematopoietic SCT to UHB in February 2025. The 
data covered in this report related the period 2018-2022. One-hundred-day survival, one year 
survival and one year relapse/mortality for the UHB cohort benchmarked as ‘in-range’ when 
compared to an international registry of over 61,000 procedures. 

Local monitoring of the clinical quality and safety of the Stem Cell Transplant Programme is 
undertaken  by  the  department  through  regular  M&M  meetings  and  overseen  by  Hospital 
Quality and Safety Committee which reports to Group Care Quality Meeting.  

We  have  provided  this  summary  of  the  monitoring  and  accreditation  of  the  Stem  Cell 
Transplant  Programme  at  UHB  and  highlighted  pathway  changes  which  have  been 
implemented following our investigation into Mrs Doig’s death because we consider that these 
are relevant to the safety and quality of care which our patients should expect now and in the 
future and to the Regulation 28 Report. At the same time, we recognise that like many clinical 
services  across  the  NHS,  the  Stem  Cell  Transplant  Programme  at  UHB  currently  faces 
significant operational pressures. We acknowledge that robust consultant staffing levels are 
an essential component of the delivery of safe, high-quality care and we are working with our 
Haematology team to ensure that the SCT Programme is sufficiently resourced. During the 
pandemic,  the  Departments  of  Haematology  across  both  Queen  Elizabeth  Hospital  and 
Birmingham  Heartlands  Hospitals  (now  combined)  underwent  substantial  reorganisation 
which saw  significant  changes in their  consultant  faculty.  Over the  last  5 years, successful 
recruitment to the Department of Haematology has led to a significant increase in the number 
of  substantive  Haematology  consultants  working  at  the  Trust  but  notably,  multiple  sub-
specialty  areas  within the  Department  have required  investment and additional  consultants 
which  has  created  a  challenging  landscape.  Despite  these  pressures,  SCT  activity  has 
continued to grow with the team performing 109 allogenic SCT procedures in 2024, compared 
with  an average of 76 procedures per year between 2018 and 2022 . This is in addition to 
~145 autologous SCT procedures per annum. We fully accept that the dedication, skill and 
efficiency of the UHB SCT team in delivering this highly specialised treatment necessitates 
additional investment with an augmentation of senior medical staffing in the SCT team as soon 
as is practicable. 

At the time of the treatment and death of Mrs Doig, the consultant transplant team treating 
leukaemia  (AML),  myelodysplastic  syndrome  and 
myeloid  diseases  (acute  myeloid 
myeloproliferative neoplasia) consisted of three transplant consultants.  

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In  order  to  provide  an  immediate  increase  in  capacity,  one  of  our  existing  transplant 
consultants has been re-job planned from 1st July 2025 to reduce their general haematology 
clinic  commitments  and  increase  transplant-dedicated  time,  increasing  their  capacity  to 
manage new and post-transplant AML patients. In addition, our senior specialist registrar, who 
has  been  working  in  the  myeloid/  transplant  clinic  and  is  due  to  receive  their  certificate  of 
completion  of  training  (CCT)  in  August,  and  will  enter  a  6-month  extended  training  period 
during which they will focus on increasing their sub speciality experience in myeloid disease 
and allogeneic stem transplantation. They are already beginning to work semi-independently 
with  consultant  supervision  and  are  directly  supporting  transplant  clinics.  The  extension  to 
training has been agreed with NHSE WTEd (West Midlands Deanery). 

Our medium-term strategy is to create two additional consultant posts in transplant medicine, 
for  which  funding  has  been  identified.  The  first  appointment  will  be  a  myeloid  transplant 
consultant, and the aforementioned trainee would be well suited to apply for this post when it 
is advertised.  

The second post is a joint appointment with NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT). The post 
will have a commitment to work 50% for NHSBT Cell, Apheresis, and gene therapies (CAGT) 
team and will be part of the transplant and cellular therapy team at NHSBT. The other 50% of 
time will be spent working within the transplant and cellular therapy team at UHB, part of which 
will  involve treatment  of AML patients requiring  stem  cell  transplants.  Working  across  UHB 
and NHSBT will give the consultant oversight over the stem cell lab and investigations and 
work  up  of  patients,  providing  an  increase  in  the  safety  and  monitoring  of  patients  going 
through transplant. The appointee will ensure that coherent communication between NHSBT 
and UHB consultants is sustained, facilitating effective discussion and information sharing on 
treatment, stem cell products and investigations required in this complex area. Similar posts 
already exist in other transplant units (Oxford, Leeds, Manchester amongst others) and we 
are  confident  that  the  joint  UHB-NHSBT  CAGT  post  will  be  successfully  recruited.  We  are 
entering  discussions  with  NHSBT  to  create  the  post  and  are  in  the  process  of  identifying 
funding  at  UHB  by  job  planning  review  across  the  department.  Notably,  our  ability  to  work 
collaboratively  across  the  2  NHS  organisations  has  been  established  through  our  joint 
NHSBT-UHB  appointed  Transfusion  Medicine  consultant  who  has  been  in  post  for  over  5 
years. 

The Hospital Medical Director at Queen Elizabeth Hospital will monitor the recruitment to these 
new posts and report progress to the Hospital Executive Director through the Hospital Board.  

In the longer term, we will look to explore options for further investment through discussions 
with our commissioners based on the level of transplant activity  
and our continuing over-performance.  

We hope that the actions and planned recruitment described herein will offer you sufficient 
assurance that the Trust has taken sufficient steps to comply with the Regulation 28 Report to 
Prevent Future Deaths. Finally, we wish to reiterate that we are deeply sorry that Mrs Doig’s 
care  became  a  significant  concern  to  you  and  to  her  family  and  that  we  are  committed  to 
making necessary improvements to the service. 

Yours sincerely 

, Chief Executive Officer

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