Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Catherine Forbes

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0630, written 14 Nov 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report14 Nov 2024
Reference2024-0630
DeceasedCatherine Forbes
CoronerDarren Salter
Coroner areaOxfordshire
CategoryOther related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Response provided by 

, General Manager, The Yacht Harbour Associa(cid:415)on (TYHA)

The Yacht Harbour Associa(cid:415)on (TYHA): Regula(cid:415)on 28 Response to HM Coroner Mr. D M 

Salter on the Tragic Death of Catherine Sarah Forbes

TYHA has carefully considered the coroner and police reports regarding the tragic death of Catherine 
Sarah Forbes and will u(cid:415)lise the insights to contribute to the 2025 revision of the TYHA Code of 
Prac(cid:415)ce (design, construc(cid:415)on and opera(cid:415)on of marinas) and to influence the Gold Anchor marina 
accredita(cid:415)on process with the collec(cid:415)ve objec(cid:415)ve of reducing the poten(cid:415)al for future deaths in 

marinas involving individuals accidentally entering the water. 

TYHA objec(cid:415)ves to include:

1. Minimising the risk of persons falling into the water at marina sites

2. Ensuring that a person in the water can iden(cid:415)fy the loca(cid:415)on of egress points and access 

them

3. Providing a person in the water with egress opportunity 

4. Promo(cid:415)ng personal responsibility to marina users so they minimise their risk of falling into 

the water and maximise their survival opportunity if they do

5. Raising awareness of cold-water emersion on the human body and its impact on water 

egress to marina operators

Through these objec(cid:415)ves and the following ac(cid:415)ons, TYHA aims to further enhance water safety 

standards across marinas and reduce the likelihood of similar tragedies in the future. The Code of 
Prac(cid:415)ce revision will consider the viability of water level devices to assist with self-rescue and 

methods of raising the alarm from the water. 

1

 TYHA’s water safety objec(cid:415)ves will be delivered through the following series of ac(cid:415)ons:
Ac(cid:415)on 

Who
TYHA Office

Email UK marina members
(completed)

Brief Gold Anchor assessors
(completed)

Train Gold Anchor assessors 

Fore & A(cid:332) Magazine

Detail
Email sent to all UK TYHA members (marinas)
reminding them to ensure their safety ladder provision
is robust and cross referencing to the TYHA COP V7
Ini(cid:415)al online briefing delivered to Gold Anchor
assessors on the coroner and police reports regarding
the tragic death of Catherine Forbes and the
associated findings.
Annual assessor training to include a session on
refining TYHA’s 5 water safety objec(cid:415)ves and how 
these are applied to Gold Anchor assessments.
Water safety ar(cid:415)cle and encouragement for members 

to come to the marina conference

TYHA Marina Conference

Fore & A(cid:332) Magazine

Briefing by Tingdene Marinas regarding the tragic
drowning of Ms Forbes including lessons learnt and
ac(cid:415)ons taken
Member briefing ar(cid:415)cle on TYHA Marina Conference 
session on water safety

Gold Anchor Criteria Review All informa(cid:415)on rela(cid:415)ng to the tragic drowning of Ms

Code of Prac(cid:415)ce (COP) 
review

Launch revised Code of
Prac(cid:415)ce 
Training of and
communica(cid:415)on with 

stakeholders

2

Forbes will be considered in the 2024/5 revision of the
Gold Anchor criteria
All  informa(cid:415)on  rela(cid:415)ng  to  the  tragic  drowning  of  Ms
Forbes  has  been  provided  to  the  COP  revision  team
who  will  use  this  to  revise  and  update  this  industry
guidance which is used in the UK and interna(cid:415)onally

Launch to be conducted at the ICOMIA World Marina
Conference 2025
Once launched TYHA will work with marinas and other
stakeholders to update them on the new COP including
any changes to water safety guidance

Reach
TYHA UK members (554)

Date
29th November 2024

Assessor team (5)

5th December 2024

 & Gold
Anchor assessors

TYHA Office

Tingdene Marinas

TYHA Office

TYHA & Marina
Industries Associa(cid:415)on

Assessor team (5)

Feb/March 2025

TYHA members (655) plus
halo readers and website
visitors
Delegates (approx. 100)

March 2025

May 8th 2025

TYHA members (655) plus
halo readers and website
visitors
TYHA and MIA accredited
marinas (213)

June 2025

Q1 to Q3 2025

TYHA & Marina Projects   TYHA members (655)

In progress

TYHA & Marina Projects   Circa  500  delegates  UK  &

Q4 2025

interna(cid:415)onal

TYHA Office

TYHA members (655)

Ongoing

 NB. The  TYHA  Code  of  Prac(cid:415)ce  is  a  guide  to  best  prac(cid:415)ce  for  marina  operators  within  TYHA’s  membership.  It  is 
acknowledged that the circumstances at each marina are different and therefore prescrip(cid:415)ve regula(cid:415)on would not be 
appropriate or prac(cid:415)cal. Where it is not possible or prac(cid:415)cal to meet the ideal provisions laid out in the TYHA Code of
prac(cid:415)ce marinas are encouraged to s(cid:415)ll apply the principles, albeit with appropriate modifica(cid:415)on.

We trust the above response is complete however should you require further informa(cid:415)on please contact 

TYHA General Manager.

The Yacht Harbour Associa(cid:415)on

Tagus House, 9 Ocean Way, Southampton, SO143TJ

3

 Catherine Sarah Forbes

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. Mr Jon White, General Manager, The Yacht Harbour Association Ltd

1

CORONER

I am Mr D M Salter, HM Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire.

2

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act
2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations
2013.

3

INVESTIGATION AND INQUEST

On 10 April 2024 at Oxfordshire Coroner’s Court I conducted the inquest into the
tragic death of Catherine Forbes, aged 57, at Thames and Kennet Marina,
Caversham.  She was a resident in her boat at the marina but drowned after
falling into the marina late on 31 March 2023. She was discovered the following
morning. A subsequent post mortem examination confirmed that the cause of
death was drowning. I returned a conclusion of ‘Accident’ and attach a copy of the
Record of Inquest for your information.

I announced at inquest that I would consider making a Regulation 28 Reports for
the Prevention of Future Deaths following some further enquiries and
submissions. You will no doubt recall that I wrote to you on 25 April 2024 and you
responded on 28 May 2024. I consider that I am now under a duty to make this
report.

I heard oral evidence at the inquest from the Marina Manager for Tingdene Ltd. I
was provided with documentation prior to inquest and, importantly, further
documents afterwards in respect safety improvements relating to ladders and risk
assessments. I also heard evidence in relation to the YHA and the fact that
Tingdene held your Gold Anchor Award at this marina.

4

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

The brief circumstances are set out in the attached Record of Inquest but I also
attach the Final Police Report of DS Nathan Adby dated 4 December 2023. The
drowning was unwitnessed but Ms Forbes was said to be a strong swimmer and
there is clear evidence that she swam to a nearby ladder and tried to use it to
climb out. She appears to have thrown her handbag from the water onto the
pontoon. There were marks on the toes of her boots indicative of her trying to get
out. This particular ladder was 1.5m in length with 3 rungs in the water but the

4

 bottom rung extended no more than 600mm beneath the surface of the water. It
would have required Ms Forbes to raise her legs up high and have the necessary
strength to pull herself up. It appears that, sadly, she was unable to do so before
succumbing to the cold and drowning.

5

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the Inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concerns. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless
action is taken.

In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to make this report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are in relation to the following:

I am mindful that safety improvements have been made at the Thames and
Kennet Marina, specifically in relation to risk assessment and ladders having been
upgraded to 2m in length with a minimum of 1m beneath the water. This is
welcomed, not least because Catherine Forbes was the third person to drown in
similar circumstances at the marina since 2016.

I have continuing industry wide concerns which, I believe, your organisation is in a
position to take account of and review. I note from your response dated 28 May
2024 that British Marine and YHA are keen to ensure that marinas are as safe as
possible. The particular concern is in relation to persons falling into the marina, on
their own and unwitnessed, and what measures are in place to enable them to get
out or raise the alarm. Perhaps the main issue relates to sufficiently designed
ladders, in terms of length and grip, but also their number, placement and visibility
from the water at day or night (flags, fluorescent signage, lighting for example). It
is not for me to make recommendations and I am not an expert of course on
marina safety but it is my duty to raise concerns that reflect the evidence heard at
inquest and the issues helpfully raised by Ms Forbes family. With this in mind, I
enquire if there are flotation devices or small platforms which sit on the surface of
the water which a person could access more easily? I also enquire if there are
alarm systems that exist or could be considered which can be activated from the
water. I appreciate of course they would need to be non-electrical or non-battery or
fully waterproof.

Further, with regard to the Gold Anchor Award, it appears that the important issue
of safety is not one of the key attributes or evaluation categories. Thames and
Kennet held the top 5 Gold Anchors at the time of Ms Forbes death but were not
fully compliant with the TYHA 2013 Code of Practice in relation to the length of all
ladders. I note the 2013 Code is being reviewed from June 2024 and I enquire if
the concerns raised in this report can be taken into account, in conjunction with
designers and suppliers who the TYHA consult with. I can advise that I will be
supplying a copy of this report to the HSE and also the organisation with oversight
of District Council’s who often have responsibility for health and safety
enforcement of marinas instead of the HSE.

5

 6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have
the power to take such action.

7

YOUR RESPONSE

You  are  under  a duty  to  respond  to  this  report  within  56  days  of  the  date  of  this
report. I may extend the period on request.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

8

COPIES and PUBLICATION

I  confirm  that  a  copy  of  this  report  and your  response  will  be  sent  to  Ms  Forbes
family.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time
of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief
Coroner.

9

Signed

Date

14th November 2024

Mr D.M. Salter
HM Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire

6
Also filed under 2024-0630: Catherine-Forbes-Prevention-of-Future-Deaths-Report-2024-0630.pdf
Catherine Sarah Forbes  

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1. 

, General Manager, The Yacht Harbour Association Ltd 

1  CORONER 

I am Mr D M Salter, HM Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire. 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice 
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION AND INQUEST 

On 10 April 2024 at Oxfordshire Coroner’s Court I conducted the inquest into the 
tragic death of Catherine Forbes, aged 57, at Thames and Kennet Marina, 
Caversham.  She was a resident in her boat at the marina but drowned after 
falling into the marina late on 31 March 2023. She was discovered the following 
morning. A subsequent post mortem examination confirmed that the cause of 
death was drowning. I returned a conclusion of ‘Accident’ and attach a copy of the 
Record of Inquest for your information. 

I announced at inquest that I would consider making a Regulation 28 Reports for 
the Prevention of Future Deaths following some further enquiries and 
submissions. You will no doubt recall that I wrote to you on 25 April 2024 and you 
responded on 28 May 2024. I consider that I am now under a duty to make this 
report. 

I heard oral evidence at the inquest from the Marina Manager for Tingdene Ltd. I 
was provided with documentation prior to inquest and, importantly, further 
documents afterwards in respect safety improvements relating to ladders and risk 
assessments. I also heard evidence in relation to the YHA and the fact that 
Tingdene held your Gold Anchor Award at this marina.  

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

The brief circumstances are set out in the attached Record of Inquest but I also 
attach the Final Police Report of 
 dated 4 December 2023. The 
drowning was unwitnessed but Ms Forbes was said to be a strong swimmer and 
there is clear evidence that she swam to a nearby ladder and tried to use it to 
climb out. She appears to have thrown her handbag from the water onto the 
pontoon. There were marks on the toes of her boots indicative of her trying to get 
out. This particular ladder was 1.5m in length with 3 rungs in the water but the 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 bottom rung extended no more than 600mm beneath the surface of the water. It 
would have required Ms Forbes to raise her legs up high and have the necessary 
strength to pull herself up. It appears that, sadly, she was unable to do so before 
succumbing to the cold and drowning. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the Inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to 
concerns. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless 
action is taken. 

In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to make this report to you.  

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are in relation to the following: 

I am mindful that safety improvements have been made at the Thames and 
Kennet Marina, specifically in relation to risk assessment and ladders having 
been upgraded to 2m in length with a minimum of 1m beneath the water. This is 
welcomed, not least because Catherine Forbes was the third person to drown in 
similar circumstances at the marina since 2016. 

I have continuing industry wide concerns which, I believe, your organisation is in a 
position to take account of and review. I note from your response dated 28 May 
2024 that British Marine and YHA are keen to ensure that marinas are as safe as 
possible. The particular concern is in relation to persons falling into the marina, on 
their own and unwitnessed, and what measures are in place to enable them to get 
out or raise the alarm. Perhaps the main issue relates to sufficiently designed 
ladders, in terms of length and grip, but also their number, placement and visibility 
from the water at day or night (flags, fluorescent signage, lighting for example). It 
is not for me to make recommendations and I am not an expert of course on 
marina safety but it is my duty to raise concerns that reflect the evidence heard at 
inquest and the issues helpfully raised by Ms Forbes family. With this in mind, I 
enquire if there are flotation devices or small platforms which sit on the surface of 
the water which a person could access more easily? I also enquire if there are 
alarm systems that exist or could be considered which can be activated from the 
water. I appreciate of course they would need to be non-electrical or non-battery 
or fully waterproof.  

Further, with regard to the Gold Anchor Award, it appears that the important issue 
of safety is not one of the key attributes or evaluation categories. Thames and 
Kennet held the top 5 Gold Anchors at the time of Ms Forbes death but were not 
fully compliant with the TYHA 2013 Code of Practice in relation to the length of all 
ladders. I note the 2013 Code is being reviewed from June 2024 and I enquire if 
the concerns raised in this report can be taken into account, in conjunction with 
designers and suppliers who the TYHA consult with. I can advise that I will be 
supplying a copy of this report to the HSE and also the organisation with oversight 
of District Council’s who often have responsibility for health and safety 
enforcement of marinas instead of the HSE.  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
have the power to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report. I may extend the period on request. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting 
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I confirm that a copy of this report and your response will be sent to Ms Forbes 
family. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time 
of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
Coroner. 

9  Signed                                             

Date  

14th November 2024 

Mr D.M. Salter 
HM Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire 

3

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