Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2025

Edward Wilson

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2025-0281, written 5 Jun 2025. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report5 Jun 2025
Reference2025-0281
DeceasedEdward Wilson
CoronerJacqueline Devonish
Coroner areaCheshire
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1 NWAS (North West Ambulance Service)

1

CORONER

I am Jacqueline DEVONISH, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of Cheshire

2

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 03 January 2025 I commenced an investigation into the death of Edward Thomas
WILSON aged 86. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 04 June 2025.
The conclusion of the inquest was that:

Narrative Conclusion - Died following the administration of salbutamol nebulisers in the
context of unrecognised significant heart failure

4

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mr Wilson was attended at home by paramedics and on the second attendance transported
to hospital by the ambulance service. The statements of the paramedics confirm that his
observations were within normal ranges but that when auscultating his lung fields some
fine crackles were heard from both lung bases without wheeze or stridor when attended at
11:43 hours on 28 December 2024. This was not on the face of it unreasonably diagnosed
as a potential chest infection and was agreed by the GP AVS based at the hospital who
dispensed antibiotics having taken into account the clinical history. When reattending at
19:35 hours Mr Wilson had a raised respiratory rate, a global wheeze on air, shortness of
breath/difficulty breathing had worsened. The paramedics administered a salbutamol
nebuliser as well as an ipratropium nebuliser which lasted the duration of the transit to
hospital until cardiac arrest. The Consultant in Emergency Medicine stated that the
withdrawal of blood pressure medication and administration of salbutamol nebulisers in the
context of a known clinical history of significant heart failure contributed to the lowering of
his blood pressure and repeated cardiac arrests on route to hospital.

5

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern.
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:
(brief summary of matters of concern)

The attending paramedics did not take the significant history of heart failure into account
when making the decision to administer the salbutamol nebulisers which had a direct
impact on the outcome by the lowering of Mr Wilson's blood pressure.

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

 6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or
your organisation) have the power to take such action.

7

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by July 31, 2025. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.
COPIES and PUBLICATION

8

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons

Legal Department, Macclesfield District General Hospital

I have also sent it to

Meadowside Medical Centre

who may find it useful or of interest.

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it.

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or
of interest.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of
interest.

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9

Dated: 05/06/2025

Jacqueline DEVONISH
Senior Coroner for
Cheshire

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from North West Ambulance Service (PDF)
Ms Jacqueline Devonish  
His Majesty’s Senior Coroner  
Cheshire Coroners Court  

By Email Only  

24 July 2025 

Dear Ms Devonish 

LADYBRIDGE HALL 
399 Chorley New Road 
Bolton 
BL1 5DD 

T:  0345 112 0999 

nwas.nhs.uk 

Regulation 28 Report – Inquest Touching the Death of Edward Thomas Wilson 

I write further to your Prevention of Future Deaths Report dated 5 June 2025, which was issued 
to North West Ambulance Service (“NWAS”) following the conclusion of the inquest touching the 
death of Mr Wilson. 

I am aware that you will share my response with Mr Wilson’s family, and I firstly wish to express 
my sincere condolences to them. NWAS’ core purpose is to save lives, prevent harm and 
provide services which optimise the likelihood of positive patient outcomes.  

Through the Regulation 28 report, you have requested that NWAS considers your matters of 
concern and have suggested that action is taken to prevent future deaths occurring in the future. 
By this letter I will address those concerns as far as I am able.  

The attending paramedics did not take the significant history of heart failure into account 
when making the decision to administer the salbutamol nebulisers which had a direct 
impact on the outcome by the lowering of Mr Wilson’s blood pressure.  

Upon receipt of the Regulation 28 report a decision was made to undertake a retrospective 
Specialist Review into the treatment and care provided to Mr Wilson. NWAS was not aware of 
any concerns regarding Mr Wilson’s care prior to the conclusion of the inquest, and the witness 
statements provided did not highlight any failures in practice or procedure. NWAS was not 
present or represented at the inquest and did not have Interested Person status to the 
proceedings.  

The Specialist Review has been carried out by an NWAS Sector Clinical Lead, and a copy of 
the Review is attached to my letter for completeness. However, I have summarised the key 
findings below which I hope is of assistance.  

Headquarters: 
Chair: 
Chief Executive:  

Ladybridge Hall, 399 Chorley New Road, Bolton BL1 5DD 

Delivering the right care, 
at the right time, 
in the right place; 
every time. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   The assessment of Mr Wilson was conducted in a timely and structured way. Mr Wilson’s 

clinical presentation suggested a primary respiratory issue. 

  Auscultation of Mr Wilson’s lungs revealed a “global wheeze” meaning that wheezing 

could be heard throughout his lungs. The treatment of wheeze and associated shortness 
of breath was commenced using oxygen driven nebulised salbutamol 2.5mg in 2.5ml at 
19:40 hours. A further repeat dose of salbutamol was issued concurrently with 
Ipratropium Bromide at 20:12 hours. 

  The Specialist Review indicates that treatment of Mr Wilson’s shortness of breath, in the 
context of pulmonary wheeze, should include the use of salbutamol driven by oxygen as 
outlined below: 

Salbutamol  

  JRCALC (Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee) provides a national 
framework of standards and treatment guidelines for the provision of pre hospital 
care as delivered by ambulance services. Paramedics, prior to issuing any 
medication, are advised to consult JRCALC to ensure the appropriateness of their 
treatment plan. 

  The Specialist Review concludes that Salbutamol would have been indicated for Mr 
Wilson as he was suffering with expiratory wheeze associated with a lower airway 
cause, presumed to be infection. There was no absolute contraindication for using 
Salbutamol.  

  The Review acknowledges that Mr Wilson had a recorded history of hypertension 

and therefore a long dosing interval should be used. A dose interval of 5 minutes is 
advocated by JRCALC, however in Mr Wilson’s case a dose interval of 32 minutes is 
recorded between both administrations of Salbutamol. 

  The use of salbutamol in the treatment of Mr Wilson’s illness was indicated and 

substantiated as appropriate by the national guidelines. 

The Specialist Review has concluded that the treatment afforded to Mr Wilson adhered wholly 
to the national guidelines produced by JRCALC and I hope this addresses the concerns you 
have raised. There were no contraindications to the use of salbutamol despite Mr Wilson’s 
medical history.  Therefore, any risk resulting from adherence to these guidelines is born at a 
national scale and should be directed to JRCALC directly.  

I am grateful to you for bringing this matter to my attention and I am sorry that you felt it 
necessary to issue a Prevention of Future Deaths Report to NWAS. If you require any further 
clarification or information, please do not hesitate to contact me or the Trust’s Deputy Director of 
Corporate Affairs, 

.  

Yours sincerely 

Chief Executive

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