Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Nargis Begum

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2025-0287, written 16 Sep 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report16 Sep 2022
Reference2025-0287
DeceasedNargis Begum
CoronerNicola Mundy
Coroner areaSouth Yorkshire (East)
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

Chief Executive Highways England,

1

CORONER

I am Nicola Jane  Mundy, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of South Yorkshire East
District.

2

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 11th September 2018 I commenced an investigation into the death of Nargis Begum,
age 62. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 9th September 2022.
The conclusion of the inquest was Road Traffic Collision.

4

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH
 On the 9th September 2018,  Nargis Begum was a front seat passenger in a vehicle
being driven by her husband.  They were travelling in a homeward bound direction along
the northbound M1 motorway which includes a stretch of All Lanes Running SMART
motorway.

The vehicle had been MOT’d and serviced and was not known to have any mechanical
defects.  Shortly after passing a service station, the vehicle began to lose power and
despite the efforts of the driver continued to lose power before coming to a halt in the
live running lane.

The driver pulled the vehicle as far as possible to the left hand side but the offside
wheels of the vehicle remained over the white line and were in the running lane (Lane
1).  Although Mrs Begum exited the vehicle, she was physically incapable of climbing
over the barrier and thus rested on the barrier in close proximity to the stationary vehicle.

Some 16 minutes and 21 seconds elapsed before a Mercedes motor vehicle travelling in
lane 1 crashed into the rear of the stationary vehicle causing this to collide with Mrs
Begum and the injuries she received as a consequence proved to be rapidly fatal.

153 drivers had passed the stationary vehicle and none had alerted Highways England
/National Highways or any of the emergency services.  One of the witnesses that I had
heard from said that he and his passenger had discussed calling National Highways but
he reached the view that given the presence of cameras on the motorway, the stationary
vehicle would be detected by the cameras.

I also heard evidence regarding the rollout of stationary vehicle detection technology
On all All Lane Running motorways by the end of September 2022 and it was
anticipated that 80% plus of stationery vehicles would be detected by this technology in
a timely fashion.

1

 5

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –

(1) The lack of public understanding regarding the need for them to call National
Highways should they identify a problem on the motorway network such as a stationary
vehicle.
(2) Despite television, radio and social media campaigns regarding SMART motorways,
the lack of emphasis on the importance of road users responsibility to alert the
authorities to any such problems.
(3) Despite public information referred to during the course of the evidence, the above
message does not appear to have been a priority and does not appear to have
effectively reached the public.

6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion, action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you Mr Jim
O’Sullivan and your organisation have the power to take such action.

7

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by Friday 4th November 2022. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed.

8

COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons The family of Mrs Begum via Kennedys Solicitors.

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9

16th September 2022

Ms N J Mundy, LL.B (hons)
Senior Coroner, South Yorkshire (East District)

2

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from National Highways (PDF)
REGULATION 29 RESPONSE TO A REPORT ON ACTION TO PREVENT FUTURE
DEATHS

THIS RESPONSE IS BEING SENT TO:

NICOLA JANE MUNDY, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of South
Yorkshire (East District) of Coroner’s Court and Office, Crown Court, College
Road, Doncaster DN1 3HS in response to a ‘Regulation 28 Report to Prevent
Future Deaths’ following an inquest hearing into the death of NARGIS BEGUM that
concluded on 9th September 2022.

1.

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

I am 
Walnut Tree Close, Guildford, Surrey, GU1 4LZ.

, Chief Executive of National Highways Limited, Bridge House, 1

2.

CORONER’S MATTERS OF CONCERN

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:–

1.  The lack of public understanding regarding the need for them to call National
Highways should they identify a problem on the motorway network such as
a stationary vehicle

2.  Despite  television,  radio  and  social  media  campaigns  regarding  smart
motorways,  the  lack  of  emphasis  on  the  importance  of  road  users’
responsibility to alert the authorities to any such problems

3.  Despite public information referred to during the course of the evidence, the
above message does not appear to have been a priority and does not appear
to have effectively reached the public

3.

DETAILS OF ACTION TAKEN

Mrs Begum’s death was a tragedy, and our sympathies remain with her family and
friends.

is 

the  Government-owned  company,  sponsored  by 

the
National  Highways 
for  Transport  (DfT),  charged  with  operating,  maintaining  and
Department 
improving England's  motorways  and  major  A-roads.   Responsibility  for  local  roads
rests  with  local  highway  authorities  and  the  road  network  in  other  parts  of  the  UK
rests with the devolved administrations.

In March 2020 the Government published a comprehensive Smart Motorway Safety
Evidence Stocktake and Action Plan which sought to further raise the bar on smart
motorway safety. National Highways has published two progress reports, one in 2021
and a second in 2022, setting out the progress we have made towards achieving the
commitments set out in the 2020 Stocktake.

This response sets out the actions we have taken, and plan to take, which relate to
the three matters of concern stated in the Regulation 28 report. It recognises, as did
the Coroner during the hearing, that to fully address her concerns, wider consultation
is required with other parties. This response therefore also sets out how we plan to
approach that wider engagement.

We have an ongoing programme of road safety campaign activity, intended to provide
important guidance to drivers to make journeys safer, easier and more reliable. This
ongoing campaign work includes a specific section on breakdown advice.

1

 We worked with stakeholders to launch England’s first major campaign, in 2021, to
raise awareness of the eCall or 'SOS' button function, which increasing numbers of
newer  cars  come  with  and  which  can  be  used  to  call  for  help,  by  the  driver  or
someone else needing help, if a situation requires emergency services. This was on
digital channels, including a dedicated campaign page on our external website. The
Highway Code, which was updated in September 2021, also now advises the use of
eCall to contact police and communicate a location directly to a 999 operator under
The Highway Code current rules 277, 279 and 283.

In November 2021, we delivered the second wave of the eCall awareness campaign.
The eCall explainer highlighted the safety messages to raise awareness of how and
when to use eCall in newer vehicles. This is available on YouTube.

Overall, the campaign has seen an increase in the correct use of the eCall system of
connected emergency services calls from 22% in 2020 to 59% in 2022. This statistic
was verified by the British Association of Public Safety Communications Officials.

We worked with DfT and the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) to enable
The  Highway  Code  to  be  updated  on  14  September  2021.  This  will  help  improve
driver understanding and confidence when driving on a motorway.

We launched a ‘Driving on motorways' hub on our website in January 2022, which
provides a central point for all our information and advice on motorway driving. The
hub  was  launched  alongside  a  multimedia  campaign  and  radio  day,  with  content
featured on over 450 stations reaching over 6 million listeners.

These  activities  were  designed  to  reach  drivers  up  and  down  the  country  to  help
provide a better understanding, and help increase their confidence, when travelling
on all types of roads.

We  are  committed  to  providing  even  more  information  that  is  highly  accessible  to
drivers.  Our  aim  is to  help  them  feel  safe  and  be  safer  on  all  our  roads,  including
smart  motorways.  We  have  listened  to  the  concerns  raised  by  the  Coroner  at  the
inquest and subsequently via this Regulation 28 report.

Following the inquest, on 21 September 2022, I wrote to DfT on two matters.

-  Firstly,  as  DfT  has  responsibility  for  The  Highway  Code,  I  shared  the
Coroner’s view that a further update to The Highway Code may be beneficial
to help the public know what actions to take should they identify a problem
when driving, such as a stationary vehicle. We understand DfT are currently
giving this consideration.

-  Secondly,  the  letter  also  confirmed  a  commitment  to  conduct  a  study  to
explore additional actions that could be taken to further increase awareness
among the public of what they can do if they spot someone in difficulty on
any road. This study, on which work started in September 2022, will, amongst
the other actions stated in this response, cover the three areas of concern
raised by the Coroner.

4.

DETAILS OF FURTHER ACTION PROPOSED

National  Highways  remains  committed  to  helping  drivers  and  their  passengers  be
even safer and feel safe on all our roads, including smart motorways.

As stated above, we have an ongoing programme of road safety campaign activity,
intended to provide important guidance to drivers to make journeys even safer, easier
and more reliable.

2

 We will include an update on the eCall campaign and include that the function can
be  used  to  help  both  the  driver  of the  vehicle  which  has  the  function,  and  to  help
others in difficulty. We will do this via a further campaign, ‘Driving for Better Business’
programme1 and through our own staff.

As  the  Coroner  recognised,  to  fully  address  her  concerns,  wider  consultation  is
required with other parties. The study we have initiated envisages input from a wide
range of organisations including, at the outset, DfT, DVSA, and the police. It could
also involve bodies including devolved administrations, local highway authorities, and
safety organisations.

In  line  with  our  smart  motorway  stocktake  annual  progress  reports,  we  will  also
continue  to  analyse the  safety  performance  of smart motorways  (including  all  lane
running  and  dynamic  hard  shoulder  smart  motorways)  as  part  of  our  ongoing
assessment of risks. Based on the findings we will consider whether we need to take
additional action to further improve the safety of smart motorways.

5.

TIMETABLE FOR ACTION

DATE                            ACTION

Before the end
of 2022

We will include an update on the eCall campaign and
emphasise that the function can be used to help both the
driver of the vehicle which has the function, and to help
others in difficulty.

 January 2023

Spring 2023

National Highways to provide the Coroner with an update on
the  study  (which  started  in  September  2022),  progress  and
next  steps,  including  an  update  on  the  planned  completion
date, which is currently expected by summer 2023.

Planned publication of a smart motorways stocktake third
year progress report, providing the latest safety data (2017 to
2021). As part of this report preparation, we will consider
whether we need to take additional action to further improve
the safety of smart motorways.

Summer 2023

At this early stage we are working to a planned completion
date of summer 2023 to complete the study, subject to the
wider engagement with external parties who we will shortly
approach.

As a result of the study, we are looking to prepare a
shortlisted set of options that could be implemented after the
end of the study.

2025

Complete the installation of over 150 additional emergency
areas on all lane running smart motorways in operation and
construction.

6.

SAFETY OF ROAD USERS

1 Driving for Better Business is a government-backed National Highways programme to help
employers in both the private and public sectors reduce work-related road risk, control the
associated costs and improve compliance with current legislation and guidance

3

 Every road death is a tragic loss of life. We are determined to reduce the number of
fatal incidents, and injuries, on our roads and we want everyone who travels or works
on any of our roads to feel confident and safe.

Although roads, especially high-speed roads, can never be risk-free environments,
our absolute priority is the reduction of road deaths and injuries on our network.

This is why we invest in road safety initiatives and public awareness campaigns, to
help prevent death and injury and to help give drivers the information they need, to
have  safe  journeys.  This  is  in  addition  to  information  provided  in  other  areas,  for
example The Highway Code.

The Smart Motorway Safety Evidence Stocktake and Action Plan published by the
Government in March 2020 set out 18 measures to improve safety and build greater
public confidence in smart motorways. We welcomed the stocktake and action plan
as an opportunity to further improve the safety of smart motorways. We are constantly
listening to motorists, continually assessing how we can make motorways safer for
those  who  use  them.  Since  2020  we  have  published  two  reports2  setting  out  our
progress in delivering commitments from the Stocktake.

We  urge  road  users  to  act  safely  and  sensibly,  including  by  informing  themselves
about  what  to  do  in  an  emergency3,  who  to  contact,  and  how  to  avoid  dangerous
situations where possible, thereby minimising the risks to themselves and other road
users.  In  2021  we  launched  our  biggest  ever,  high  profile  multi-media  road  safety
campaign  to  help  drivers  know  what  to  do  if  they  break  down  on  any  motorway,
including one without a hard shoulder.

The death of Mrs Begum was tragic, and our deepest sympathies remain with her
loved ones. We remain committed to improving communication with road users and
to taking steps to further improve the safety of smart motorways.

8

8th November 2022

Signed:

,

Chief Executive

2 Smart Motorways stocktake first year progress report
Smart Motorways stocktake second year progress report
3 The National Highways website provides guidance on what to do in case of a breakdown on
any motorway: https://nationalhighways.co.uk/road-safety/breakdowns/

4

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