Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2025

Audrey Newman

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2025-0443, written 29 Aug 2025. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report29 Aug 2025
Reference2025-0443
DeceasedAudrey Newman
CoronerAndrew Bridgman
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedStockport NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

The CEO, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust

1 CORONER

lam Andrew Bridgman, Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of Manchester South

2 | CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013

3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 12.03.25 an inquest was opened into the death of Audrey Newman who died at
Stepping Hill Hospital on 24 November 2024. The inquest concluded on 22.08.25.
The investigation concluded on 03.02.23.

1a) Renal failure
1b) Acyclovir treatment
1c) Encephalopathy of unknown cause

The conclusion was one of
Died from recognised risks of antiviral therapy for a suspected life-threatening
condition.

4 | CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Audrey Newman was admitted on the evening of 10 November 2024 following a seizure
at home. The working diagnosis was a suspected encephalitis and in accordance with
guidelines treatment with antibiotics and antivirals (acyclovir) was commenced that
evening. A lumbar puncture was planned for 11 November 2024 as part of the
diagnostic pathway. It was not carried out, according to the Trust’s Lessons Learned
Overview, because there was a lack of competent ward doctors to carry out such a
procedure, especially for a patient as AN who was agitated and confused. A lumbar
puncture was eventually carried out on 18 November 2024 by the anaesthetic team - it
was negative. The Trust also acknowledge in its LLO that delay occurred because no
one consultant took ownership of the need and arrangements for the lumbar puncture.
On the pathological evidence, and that the lumbar puncture on 18 November was
negative and that the Trust’s witness talking to the LLO was not able to provide a
rationale as to why the Trust felt that had a lumbar puncture been carried out on 11
November it would have been positive — the inquest determined that had a lumbar
puncture been carried out on 11 November 2024 it would likely have been reported,
within 24hrs, as negative and the antiviral and antibiotic treatment stopped sometime on
12 November 2024.

Antiviral (and antibiotic) treatment continued on 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 November 2024,
albeit on a decreasing dosage from 13 November as there were concerns about
diminishing renal function; a recognised complication of acyclovir. By 17 November 2024
AN had developed severe renal failure which did not respond to treatment. No clinical or
pathological cause was found for the presenting encephalopathy, namely the seizure
and low conscious level; it is unlikely to have been infective encephalitis. It was not
possible to determine whether or not, had the antiviral and antibiotic treatment been
stopped on 12 November 2024, AN would not have progressed to severe renal failure.

5 | CORONER’S CONCERNS

The evidence of the Trust was that CSF analysis was CRUCIAL for diagnosing
meningitis or encephalitis when infection is suspected. Further, acyclovir is well
recognised as a drug giving rise to renal injury.

In its LLO the Trust stated that, in recognition of the lack of training to enable ward
doctors to undertake lumbar puncture a series of training sessions were held and are to
continue.

Within the LLO it is stated,

There is learning in relation to escalation by doctors when a lumbar puncture is needed
and hasn't been done either due to difficulty (eg agitation) or unavailability of
competency trained doctors. This has been discussed and case shared at the general
medicine teaching sessions in April 2025.

The witness speaking to the LLO said that requests for escalation are still informal and
based on goodwill. There is no formal process for requesting assistance.

The issue of concern is that in the absence of a formal pathway or referral process to the
anaesthetic team for those cases which fall into the above category there is a significant
risk of future delays in carry out crucial diagnostic tests, and a risk of death.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent the risk of future deaths and | believe
you have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report
24th October 2025. | the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons namely Mrs Newman’s family, who may find it useful or of interest.

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.
The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful

or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Andrew Bridgman
HM Assistant Coroner

29/08/2025

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Stockport NHS Foundation Trust (PDF)
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 

Mr A. Bridgman 
HM Assistant Coroner 
Manchester South Coronial Area 
Mount Tabor Street 
Stockport 
SK1 3AG 

Ref: Ms Audrey Newman 
DOB: 08/06/1950 
DOD: 24/11/2024 

Dear Mr Bridgman, 

Oak House  
Stepping Hill Hospital 
Poplar Grove 
Stockport 
Cheshire 
SK2 7JE 

06 November 2025

I am writing to you further to the conclusion of the inquest into the death of Ms Audrey 
Newman on 22 August 2025, and in response to your request for assurance regarding 
the  circumstances  surrounding  her  care,  specifically  in  the  absence  of  a  formal 
pathway  or  referral  process  to  the  anaesthetic  team  regarding  Lumbar  puncture 
procedure (LP) 

We would like to begin by expressing our sincere condolences to Ms Newman’s family. 
We  recognise  the  distress  caused  by  the  events  leading  to  her  death  and  are 
committed to learning from this case to improve patient safety and care. 

Within  adult  medicine  the  number  of  lumbar  punctures  performed  per  week  average 
between 10-15. The vast majority of these are done in a very timely manner i.e. within 
12-24 hours, and within either the acute medical unit (AMU) or the medical same day 
emergency care unit (SDEC). 

Most lumbar punctures are done to exclude either a small brain bleed or meningitis. In 
rare  cases  they  are  done  to  exclude  encephalitis  or  other  more  rare  nervous  system 
conditions. 

Very few LPs are done on the specialty medical wards as most would have been done 
within  the  first  24-72  hours  of  the  admission  on  AMU  or  SDEC.  The  vast  majority  of 
LPs  are  done  on  AMU  or  SDEC and  are  successful  in  obtaining  samples.  On  a  few 
occasions the procedure is challenging. This is usually due either to the patient’s body 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 habitus  (obese  patients  or  those  with  spinal  bone  deformities)  or  in  more  rare  cases 
because the patient is non-compliant or agitated.  

There  is  a  process  in  place  by  which  teams  contact  the  anaesthetic  team,  in  cases 
where  the  initial  LP  attempt  failed.  This  involves  contacting  the  anaesthetic  senior 
doctor  on  call  and  once  they  agree  to  list the  procedure  by  the  anaesthetic  team  the 
patient  is  either  transferred  to  theatre  for  the  procedure  to  be  performed  or  the 
anaesthetic  team  attend  the  ward  to  perform  the  procedure.  The  timeliness  can  vary 
and  is  dependent  on  other  life-threatening  emergencies  that  may  need  a  much  more 
urgent slot in theatre.  

Unfortunately, in Mrs Newman’s case despite the anaesthetic team being informed of 
the  need  for  assistance  in  performing  the  procedure,  there  were  delays,  and  as  a 
result, we have enacted a program of work to tighten the process and prevent this from 
happening again. The details of this are outlined below: 

1)  In conjunction with the postgraduate department and some of the senior doctors 
within  acute  medicine,  we  have  enacted  a  training  program  for  all  registrars 
working  on  the  medical  specialty  wards  to  be  signed  off  to  perform  lumbar 
punctures. 

The  program  involves  signed  off  simulation  sessions  within  the  postgraduate 
department, then a supervised signed off procedure on a patient. 

Most registrars who have joined from overseas were competent in performing the 
procedure  but  required  refresher  training  given  the  anxiety  of  joining  a  new 
healthcare  system.  This  program  is  ongoing  and  I  can  report  that  all  registrars 
have  done  the  simulation  sessions  and  the  signing  off  for  the  live  procedures  is 
ongoing. 

2)  A meeting was arranged between senior members of the anaesthetic team and 
(Divisional  Medical  Director  for  Medicine  and  Urgent  Care)  to 

formalise the process of escalation of difficult LPs to the anaesthetic team: 

•  Training  is  being  rolled  out  to  all  medical  staff  within  the  division  of 
medicine to use the IT booking system for theatres (Theatreman)  – this 
will allow any agreed procedure escalated to the anaesthetic team to be 
logged,  giving  visibility  that  a  procedure  is  pending,  and  providing  an 
audit  trail.  The  lack  of  training  in  using  this  system  was  an  issue  as 
procedures  would  be  agreed  to  be  done  by  the  anaesthetic  team,  but 
then there would be a delay in logging the procedure on Theatreman. 

It  is  important  to  note  that  this  system  would  be  very  rarely  used  by  staff  in  the 
medical division as they do not work in theatres which is why training was not part 
of the induction. 

•  The process of escalation to anaesthetics is being formulated into a flow 
chart that will be cascaded to all clinicians in the division of medicine and 
urgent care. 

 
 
 
 •  Patients awaiting a lumbar puncture to exclude meningitis, encephalitis, 
or  subarachnoid  haemorrhage  will  not  be  transferred  off  the  acute 
medical unit until the LP is performed successfully. If there is a need to 
escalate  after  failed  attempts  then  this  needs  to  be  agreed  and  logged 
onto  Theatreman  before  the  patient  is  transferred  to  another  medical 
ward.  

•  Patients awaiting a lumbar puncture will not be transferred off the unit on 

a Friday, Saturday or Sunday to avoid weekend related delays. 

The  elements  above  will  prevent  the  delays  that  occurred  in  Mrs  Newman’s  case 
although one must note that to totally exclude encephalitis one would need a viral PCR 
which can take a number of days for the results to come back. 

We  hope  the  information  provided  above  offers  assurance  that  Stockport  NHS 
Foundation Trust has taken the findings of the inquest into Ms Audrey Newman’s care 
extremely seriously. 

We  remain  dedicated  to  continuous  improvement  in  patient  safety  and  care  quality. 
Should you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me. 

Yours faithfully 

Chief Executive

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