Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2015

Giuseppina Incisivo

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2015-0303, written 30 Jul 2015. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report30 Jul 2015
Reference2015-0303
DeceasedGiuseppina Incisivo
CoronerJoseph Turner
Coroner areaWest Sussex
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

Andrew Jones MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Transport, Department
for Transport, Great Minster House, 33 Horseferry Road, London SW1P 4DR

1

CORONER

!am Joseph Turner, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of West Sussex

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.
http://www. legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5

http://www. legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made

3 | amtniaae and INQUEST

On 10 July 2014 the West Sussex Coroner commenced an investigation into the death
of Giuseppina Incisivo, aged 79. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest
on 28 July 2015. The conclusion of the inquest was Road Traffic Collision.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Ms Incisivo was crossing North Street in the centre of Midhurst whilst the traffic was
stop/start. She moved in front of a medium sized (27 gross tonnes) lorry, very close to
the front, when the traffic suddenly moved off. She was run over and suffered
catastrophic, traumatic injuries, dying at the scene within minutes. The driver's evidence
was simply that he did not see her. Other witnesses suggested he could not have done
so directly, and a reconstruction by the Sussex Police Forensic Collision Investigation
Unit showed that Ms Incisivo would have come well under the height of the bottom of the
windscreen. The vehicle had a front ‘blind spot’ mirror fitted and in good working order,
but the evidence was that either
a. The driver had visually swept the mirror (his evidence) but in the time delay
before moving off Ms Incisivo had then moved in front of the vehicle,
unobserved, or
b. The size and shape of her image in the convex mirror, and lack of visual
contrast between Ms Incisivo, a dark-haired, greying, lady around 5 feet tall, in
light clothing, and the road surface, meant that she was insufficiently
conspicuous (the Investigating Officer's expert opinion).
In short, the driver, even using the mirror when she was in its reflection, would have
found it very hard to distinguish Ms Incisivo.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

“130 July 2015

8

“| (1) That whilst the relevant EU Directives (2003/97/EC and 2005/27/EC) and associated

legal requirements for some high-fronted goods vehicles require the fitting of a ‘front
blind spot mirror’ (Class VI) of a certain size, shape and resulting view, the actual shape
(convex) and size of such mirrors does not provide sufficient visibility of slow moving
pedestrians (especially the elderly), or those not wearing highly visible clothing,
especially when very close to the front of the vehicle.

(2) That the lack of secondary ‘front obstruction’ warning systems, such as sensors
which sound an audible alarm (similar to front parking sensors), or show a
red/amber/green ‘safe to move’ light in the cab, or a forward facing camera with a screen
in the cab, which would supplement the mirror means that over-reliance is placed on the
mirror when, patently, it may not always serve its purpose.

(3) That pedestrians, especially the elderly and children, whose height makes them
difficult for drivers of such vehicles to observe may assume (wrongly) that a vehicle with
a front ‘blind spot’ mirror ‘must’ see them when the reality is the opposite.

(4) That, it seems, a general lack of awareness may persist of the risk posed when
passing in front of such vehicles, and an assumption persist that because someone may
be able to see the windscreen of the vehicle, that the driver ‘must’ be able to see them
directly or indirectly.

| am aware that other Coroners have reported similar concerns as regards older or other
high fronted vehicles which need not have such mirrors. This is the second inquest |
have heard into the death of an elderly person who, it seems, ‘assumed’ the driver would
or must see them, directly or indirectly.

“ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you and/or
your organisation, including the relevant vehicle agencies, have the power to take such
action.

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 25 September 2015. | may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons.

eo Counsel), College Chambers, 19 Carlton Crescent,
Southampton, Hants, SO15 2ET, representing the Incisivo family.

NA Kennedy's Law LLP, 25 Fenchurch Avenue, London EC3M 5AD,
representing the driver.

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department for Transport (PDF)
AOR Great Minster House
33 Horseferry Road

Department Ion

Sr tanspon a

Web site: www.gov.uk/dft
Penelope A Schofield
Senior Coroner Our Ref: MC/141198
Coroner's Office
West Sussex Record Office 25 September 2015
Orchard Street
Chichester
West Sussex
PO19 1DD

Dow My Sokal)

Thank you for your letter of 31 July, enclosing a Regulation 28 Report on the investigation
into the death of Ms Giuseppina Incisivo. On conclusion of the inquest you made a finding
that the size and the shape of the mirror gave insufficient visibility, and the lack of
secondary ‘front obstruction’ warning systems, such as sensors or a forward facing
camera with a screen in the cab, could have prevented the collision. Another factor is that
pedestrians may be unaware that the driver cannot see them clearly, putting themselves at
risk.

| am replying as Head of International Vehicle Standards Division of the Department for
Transport, which has responsibility for road vehicle safety standards. | would like to
reassure you that the Department takes the safety of all road users very seriously and | will
endeavour to explain the current legislation on vehicle construction matters and the steps
being taken to address your concerns.

As you are aware, the technical requirements for new vehicles are set at international level
by both the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU). The UN Regulation 46
sets the requirements for mirrors and is very similar to EU Directive 2003/97/EC which you
mention in your report. The requirement in both these sets of legislation is for the driver to
be able to see a ground plane area, and in the case of the area directly in front of the
vehicle manufacturers can decide whether to use a mirror or a camera to cover this. Their
choice will depend on which products their customers require and their specific design as
well as cost. In future it will be possible for manufacturers to replace all mirrors with
cameras.

Engineers in my team are working at both national and international level to improve the
safety of HGVs. Consideration is being given in EU Working Groups to improving direct
and indirect vision for drivers, which we anticipate will help to prevent future collisions with
vulnerable road users. We are also working closely with Transport for London (TfL) on
safety measures. Research by the Transport Research Laboratory for TfL on a range of
technologies which can be fitted to HGVs to detect pedestrians and cyclists is currently
being peer reviewed, and this could form the basis of advice to manufacturers and
operators, in advance of changes to approval regulations for new vehicles being agreed in
the EU.

Although sensor technology is available to identify objects around a vehicle, the
technology has not yet developed sufficiently to distinguish between people and street
furniture or other vehicles. As the technology improves this may offer a solution in future.

You have correctly identified that there is also a role for pedestrians in understanding
when it is safe to cross in front of a vehicle. You may be aware that adult (60+) pedestrian
casualties have shown a steady decline in recent years. However, in 2014, the latest year
for which statistics are available, there were still 191 fatalities and we are not complacent
about this issue. The Department issued revised guidance in January 2014 aimed mainly
at local traffic authorities who are responsible for setting speed limits on local roads. It has
been designed to help explain to everyone why and how local speed limits are determined.
This guidance was revised following full public consultation in summer 2012.

Pedestrian walking speeds and crossing timings are matters for guidance rather than
legislation, and the Department will be considering how best to update the guidance. | can
confirm that we intend to produce a new chapter of the Traffic Signs Manual on traffic
lights and pedestrian crossings, bringing together and updating existing advice.
Unfortunately we are unable to give a precise date for publication.

The Department is supporting the Living Streets organisation, who are campaigning on the
safety of older pedestrians and are the UK charity for everyday walking; | attach their
website link htip://www.livingstreéts.org.uk/make-a-change/take-action-with-us/crossings

| will also bring this case to the attention of road safety colleagues in the Department to
find out what more can be done, to raise awareness of drivers and pedestrians of the risks
when they are in close proximity to one another.

| am grateful to you for raising this incident with me, and would appreciate you conveying
my condolences to Ms Incisivo’s family.

Head of International Vehicle Standards Division

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