Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Archie Hall

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0495, written 12 May 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report12 May 2016
Reference2016-0495
DeceasedArchie Hall
CoronerNigel Parsley
Coroner areaSuffolk
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

i. Suffolk County Council Highways Department

CORONER

| am Nigel Parsley Assistant Coroner for the Coroner area of Suffolk

Si

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On the 30th November 2015 | commenced an investigation into the death of Archie
James Hall, aged 20. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on the 7”
April 2016. The conclusion of the inquest was misadventure with the medical cause of
death recorded as being 1(a) aortic transection, 1(b) fall from height.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mr Hall was a student at Lincoln University who found himself overwhelmed by his
studies and with the agreement of his family returned to his Ipswich home on the 24"
November 2015

Shortly after arriving home Mr Hall unexpectedly left again in the family car. His family
were concerned and started to look for him. The car was subsequently found parked at
The Strand, Ipswich beneath the Orwell Bridge. Mr Hall was found on the ground
beneath the bridge and regrettably efforts to resuscitate him by both family and
paramedics who attended the scene were unsuccessful.

Mr Hall was pronounced dead at 21:10 hours on Tuesday 24" November 2015.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

The Orwell Bridge is a well known very high structure in Suffolk that can be easily
accessed on foot. There are a number of locations that provide parking within close
walking distance.

Once on the bridge there is a pedestrian walkway on both sides which allows full access
to its entire length. A concrete wall runs the length of the bridge on the river side of each
walk way. A vehicle crash barrier separates each walkway from the carriageway.

The bridge wall is between waist and low chest height for an adult and is approximately
30-40 cm in width. As such it is easy to straddle for the majority of reasonable fit adults
or young persons.

This relatively low concrete wall is the only barrier preventing a fall from the bridge.
There is nothing in place that would make it either physically difficult or provide a

deterrent against climbing onto the bridge wall.

Further, the river side of the bridge walls are bare vertical concrete. As such should
someone who had straddled the wall subsequently slip, there is nothing on the structure
that would provide a hand or foothold allowing them the opportunity to climb back onto
the bridge.

This is by no means an isolated incident and | am aware that further inquests are to be
held shortly in relation to other deaths resulting from falls from Orwell Bridge.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the
power to take such action. Given the issues identified here following this very sad
death, | would request that consideration is given to examining the structure described
above and seeing what steps can be taken to make it more difficult for the wall to be
climbed and for similar tragedies to occur.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by the 7" of July 2016. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons:

Mr Hall's family

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. Similarly,
you are under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. The Chief
Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may
send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest.
You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about
the release or the publication of your response.

Mr N Parsley 12-5-16 wl (ehy

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Highways England (PDF)
£  highways
england

Mr. Nigel Parsley
Assistant Coroner
The Coroner's Office
1st Floor, Landmark House
4 Egerton Road
Ipswich
Suffolk
IP1 5PF

Highways England
Woodlands
Manton Lane
Bedford
MK41 7LW

7 July 2016

Dear Mr. Parsley,

inquest into the death of Archie James Hall

This letter sets out Highways England’s response to  the Regulation 28 Report dated
the 12 May 2015 following the tragic death of Archie Hall in November 2015.

First  and  foremost I  extend  my  sincere  condolences to  the  family and friends of  Mr
Hall  and  reaffirm  my  commitment  on  behalf  of  Highways  England  to  both  take  all
reasonable measures and to  work  with  other  stakeholders and partners to  do  all  we
can to prevent such incidents in the future.

Background

Orwell  Bridge  opened  to  traffic  in  1982.  Recent  years  have  seen  a  number  of
suicides and attempted suicides at the location. This prompted Highways England to
commission  a  review  possible  measures  that  could  be  considered  to  reduce  the
likelihood of  such  tragic events in future. The  review completed in  March  2015  was
carried  out  in  consultation  with  a  range  of  stakeholders.  It  identified  a  range  of
preventative  measures  taken  in  and  around  similar  structures  and  assessed  their
the
likely  effectiveness  on 
psychological, socio and economic aspects of incidents.

the  Orwell  Bridge.  The  report  also  considered 

I will return to  the appropriateness of  possible interventions together with any action
we intend to pursue later in my response.

Registered office Bridge House, 1 Walnut Tree Close, Guildford GU1 4LZ
Highways England Company Limited registered in England and Wales number 09346363

INVESTORS
I N PEOPLE

 Current Situation

Orwell Bridge carries the A14 Trunk Road connecting the Port of Felixstowe with the
Midlands  and  beyond. It  measures  some  1287  metres  long  by  24  metres  wide  and
has  a  total  of  18  spans.  The  bridge  piers  range  from  20  metres  to  45  metres  in
height.  The  crossing  is  neither  tolled  nor  permanently  manned.  The  scale  and
location  of  the  structure  makes  routine  monitoring  along  its  entirety  extremely
challenging.

We  have  taken  a  number  of  measures  to  mitigate  such  challenges  including  the
installation  of  telephones  at  each  end  of  the  bridge. The  phones  enable  distressed
individuals to  access  immediate  counselling  and  emotional  support through  contact
with  the  Samaritans.  We  have  also  installed  closed  circuit  TV  cameras  covering
almost  the  entire  length  of  bridge.  These  cameras  are  accessed  by  the  Police  to
monitor unusual activity or behaviour.

Options and future actions

The  2015  review  identified that  the  installation  of  physical  barriers  were  likely  to  be
one  of  the  most  effective  means  to  deter  suicides.  The  parapets  fully  comply  with
height  requirements  designed  to  prevent  pedestrians  accidentally  falling  from  the
structure. In relation to Orwell Bridge, the review concluded that the use of additional
barriers  such  as  solid  parapets or  panels would  add  considerable weight  to  such  a
long span structure. The addition of such weight when combined with effects of high
winds would have a significant impact on the stability of the structure.

The  review  also  looked  at  the  possible  use  of  catching  nets.  Notwithstanding  the
safety risks of installing and maintaining such nets, the  presence of  such  equipment
would hinder effective inspection and maintenance of the structure itself.

Access  to  the  bridge  is  unrestricted.  It  currently  forms  part  of  the  Stour  and  Orwell
Walk,  which  is  actively promoted  by  Suffolk  County  Council  and  Suffolk  Coast  and
Heaths  Area  of  Outstanding  Natural  Beauty. There  are  laybys  situated  adjacent  to
the  carriageway  on  both  approaches  affording  prompt  access  to  anyone  attending
the bridge by vehicle.

We  will  now  consult  with  stakeholders  and  other  parties  regarding  access  to  the
bridge to consider what further preventative measures could be taken.

We  have  considered  the  possible  installation  of  toe  holds  on  the  parapets  of  the
bridge.  Current  design  standards  expressly  state  that  toe  holds  should  not  be
provided  on  the  vehicle  side  of  parapets  where  pedestrian  access  is  possible.  No
direct reference is made to the outward facing side of such parapets, although British
Standard BS  6779-2  states  the  ‘outer  face  may  be  vertical or  inclined  with  plain  or
featured finish’’.

Registered office Bridge House, 1 Walnut Tree Close, Guildford GU1 4LZ
Highways England Company Limited registered in England and Wales number 09346363

INVESTORS
IN  PEOPLE

 The installation of toe holds on the outer face of the bridge would create an extended
climbing  face  that  could  encourage  unauthorised  access.  Their  installation  would
also  present a  significant health and  safety risk  to  the  workforce. We  are not  aware
of  the  use  of  such  toe  holds  on  the  outward  facing  side  of  similar  structures  and
therefore their  effectiveness in preventing such  incidents is  unproven. In light of this
and  the  other  factors outlined  above,  we  are  not  intending  to  take  further  action  in
this respect.

We are currently reviewing the effectiveness of the  telephones located at either end
of the bridge. We will implement any changes at the earliest opportunity.

* The parapets comply with the requirements of  the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges
(DMRB). Height which varies between 1.15 metres and 1.24 metres. Current minimum is 1
metre  for  such  parapets as  specified  in  Clause  4.23  of  the  Design  tandard  TD19/06
Requirement for Road Restraint Systems).

P u b l i c a t i o n

We  fully  understand  the  wider  interest  that  the  circumstances  surrounding  Archie’s
death  and  possible actions to  prevent future  such  tragedies may  create. It  will  be  a
matter for yourself and others to determine what, if any, further information is shared
more  widely  given  the  sensitivity  of  such  issues,  particularly  when  reported  in  the
media.  In  light  of  this  we  fully  support  the  approach  taken  by  a  number  of  related
agencies  including  the  Samaritans  in  discouraging  reporting  that  increases  the
notoriety of locations such as this.

There is no doubt that suicide prevention is a complex and challenging matter. We at
Highways England are committed to working alongside others in order to support the
multi-agency approach that is required to prevent such tragedies from occurring.

Yours sincerely

Regional Director
Operations Directorate -  East Region

Registered office Bridge House, 1 Walnut Tree Close, Guildford GU1 4LZ
Highways England Company Limited registered in England and Wales number 09346363

f 
V /  

INVESTORS
IN  PEOPLE

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