Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Graham Fox

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0192, written 22 Jun 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report22 Jun 2018
Reference2018-0192
DeceasedGraham Fox
CoronerRobert Sowersby
Coroner areaAvon
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

M. E. Voisin
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner
Area of Avon

8th June 2018 REF: 7089

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

Robert Woolley - Chief Executive
University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust
Trust Headquarters

Marlborough Street

Bristol

BS1 3NU

CORONER

| am Robert Sowersby Assistant Coroner for Area of Avon

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

http://www. legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7
http://www. legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 12" July 2017 an investigation commenced into the death of Graham William FOX. The investigation
concluded at the end of the inquest on 8 June 2018. The conclusion of the inquest was that he died of
(la) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia, and (II) left hip fracture (operated) and ankle
fractures.

My narrative conclusion included the following:

His condition deteriorated, and overnight from 25 June hospital staff did not correctly implement the
standardised method of assessment and referral [‘NEWS’] that was in use at the time, which meant that
he was not seen by a doctor as he should have been, and the seriousness of his condition was not
recognised until 26 June, when he was admitted to the Critical Care Unit in which he subsequently died.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mr Fox had a history of alcohol misuse and had had a fall in the community in which he broke both
ankles. He was admitted to hospital and was being monitored using the NEWS system. He had been “re-
triggered” by the hospital’s doctors, so that although normally an oxygen saturation, or a blood pressure
reading, below a certain level would add points to the NEWS total, in Mr Fox’s case points would not be
added unless his score dipped below the new revised (“re-triggered”) level.

Telephone 01275 461920
Email AvonCoronersTeam@bristol.gov.uk Website www.avon-coroner.com
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

Mr Fox’s ‘normal’ NEWS was 5, after which he was reviewed, “re-triggered”, and when later assessed his
score was 5 again (using the new re-triggered means of NEWS assessment). That represented a real-
world deterioration in his condition, but because the number itself did not go up, the nursing staff were
relatively unconcerned. The NEWS of 5 was in due course relayed to the on-call doctor, but the doctor
did not attend, even though she was on the same ward seeing another patient that evening.

Mr Fox then had a series of inadequate observations taken overnight (which were not sufficient to
enable any calculation of his NEWS total). By the time his NEWS total was properly calculated in the
morning it was 9: he was then admitted to the Critical Care Unit, where his condition deteriorated and he
sadly died.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory
duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

(1) The standard NEWS documentation contains a list of scores on the left, and corresponding
clinical responses in a column on the right. My understanding of the system was that when the
relevant score was reached, the corresponding clinical response was mandatory. The
impression | gained from listening to the majority of the nursing staff was that there was an
element of discretion / clinical judgment to be applied in determining whether the clinical
responses that were ‘required’ when the relevant score was reached were actually necessary.
The more senior nursing staff were clear that the relevant responses were mandatory, but that
was not the impression given by the more junior staff. This evidence (which gave the
impression that staff discretion could be applied to the clinical responses) was given after the
staff had, apparently, been given additional NEWS training following Mr Fox’s death.

(2) 1 did not have the benefit of any expert evidence about the process of “re-triggering” patients
under NEWS, and | am therefore unable to comment on whether it is clinically appropriate. | did
hear evidence that the practice was commonplace within the hospital.

Telephone 01275 461920
Email AvonCoronersTeam @bristol.gov.uk Website www.avon-coroner.com
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the power to take
such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 17"
August 2018 I, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following interested persons — the family
of Mr. Fox.

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of
your response by the Chief Coroner.

22/06/2018

Signature a P

Robert Sowersby Assistant Corgner Area of Avon

Telephone 01275 461920
Email AvonCoronersTeam@bristol.gov.uk Website www.avon-coroner.com
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust (PDF)
ps BSS FRO

University Hospitals Bristol
NHS Foundation Trust

Trust Headquarters

Marlborough Street

Bristol, BS1 3NU

nt i
eb-sife: www.unbristol nns.u

RW/CM/yq

6 August 2018

Private & Confidential

Mr Robert Sowersby

Assistant Coroner

The Coroners Court

Old Weston Road
:

Flax Bourton
BS48 1UL

Dear Mr Sowersby
RE: Inquest 8" June 2018 — Mr G, Fox — Regulation 28 Report. Ref:7089

Recognition and response to deterioration in patients, escalation process for patients
triggering National Early Warning Score (NEWS)

Further to your concerns raised to University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust in the format
of a Regulation 28 Report, | am writing to confirm the Trust’s response and actions.

At the inquest, | understand that you raised concerns around there being an element of discretion
/clinical judgement applied in determining whether the clinical responses that were required where
the relevant EWS was reached were actually necessary and the practice of re-triggering a patient.

Since this incident the Trust has implemented an e-observations system in our adult in-patient
wards whereby the patient’s physiological measurements are entered electronically into a hand
held device, which automatically calculates the national early warning score (NEWS) and prompts
the staff member to repeat the observations in the required timeframe and to escalate to the
relevant clinician in accordance with the Trust’s escalation protocol.

This system allows for the nurse in charge of the ward to have oversight of all patients showing
signs of deterioration in the ward, and also allows oversight out of hours of deteriorating patients in
our hospitals, by the Clinical Site Team, who are highly skilled and experienced nurses who can |
support ward staff in the management of deteriorating patients. The system also allows doctors |
and senior nurses to review an individual patient’s physiological parameters remotely. The
analytics in this system also provide visibility of any instances when observations have not been i
repeated as per the escalation protocol to enable targeted training and support to clinical teams if
required.

Moy,

Mp
bey,

i BLS University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust f
lee hed oR A 0117 923 0000 Minicom 0117 934 9869 www.uhbristol.nhs.uk |
Our hospitals. 15a

At present, such escalation is completed by telephone or in person, but we will shortly be
implementing a further clinical communications system (‘CareFlow’) whereby the escalation will be
automated to the relevant doctor or senior nurse in accordance with the escalation protocol. The
CareFlow system is currently being used in a few areas for some elements of clinical
communication.

With regards to the practice of “re-triggering”, this perhaps should be more accurately referred to
as “revised escalation” and we have been promoting this terminology within the Trust since we
commenced implementing the e-observations system towards the end of 2017. Some patients do
have elevated early warning scores due to a long term condition which is “normal for them”; in
these situations it can be appropriate for a doctor to document a clear revised escalation plan
setting out the circumstances when an escalation should be enacted. In situations where a
previously stable patient's physiological parameters have prompted the need for a clinical
response, and the patient has been reviewed by the appropriate clinician, and the patient has been
assessed as being cared for in the correct location within the hospital and there is a clinical
management plan with a time for review of its effectiveness, it is appropriate that a revised
escalation timeframe can be documented by a doctor. In all cases, a revised escalation plan states
that an escalation should be enacted if a nurse is concerned about the patient's condition.

We have been supporting the implementation of the e-observations with a further programme of
training and education on revised escalation and will continue do so as we switch to the new
national early warning score (NEWS2) planned for October 2018.

| hope that the information above has answered your concerns and reassures you of the continued
focus within University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust in improving the recognition and
response to deterioration in patients.

Yours sincerely,

—
VET O50 Ky

Robert Woolley
Chief Executive

i AEG,
Se es University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust
* * 0117 923 0000 Minicom 0117 934 9869 www.uhbristol.nhs.uk

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Our haspitals. ISAS

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