Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Neil Black

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0024, written 21 Jan 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report21 Jan 2019
Reference2019-0024
DeceasedNeil Black
CoronerLouise Hunt
Coroner areaBirmingham and Solihull
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Mental Health related deaths
Organisation namedBirmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust · Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:   

1.  Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust 
2.  Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust 

1 

CORONER 

I am Louise Hunt Senior Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 06/04/2018 I commenced an investigation into the death of Neil Antony Black. The investigation 
concluded at the end of an inquest on 18th January 2019. The conclusion of the inquest was: 

Drug related; illicit drug use. Inconsistent and infrequent physical observations; inadequate interaction 
between prison healthcare teams resulting in a delay in receiving appropriate treatment and a lack of a 
clear policy for observations undertaken on prisoners going through the detoxification process 
contributed to Mr Black's death. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Neil Antony Black was remanded into HMP Birmingham on 8th March 2018. On arrival to prison he was 
assessed by prison and nursing staff where he disclosed extensive alcohol and IV drug use. He was 
remotely prescribed detoxification treatment, which included several medications and a schedule of 
twice daily observations for five days to support and monitor his withdrawal from IV drug use. Neil 
disclosed that he was suffering with a DVT in his right leg. This was not examined by nursing or medical 
staff. He was also observed to be limping at this point. Neil's observations were irregular and 
inconsistent, sometimes not completed at all due to the prison being in 'night state' and equipment was 
not always readily accessible. Despite Neil disclosing his DVT on his arrival, his GP consultation on 9th 
March did not result in an examination of his leg. Neil was seen on the morning of 10th March looking 
unwell by IDTS nurses. He did not want his blood pressure taken and no other physical observations were 
recorded. There is no record of Neil being seen again by nursing staff or medical staff that day despite 
presenting as unwell. He was also seen by prison staff limping and was not eating meals. He was 
observed sleeping in his cell at 00.25 on 11th March but no physical observations were taken. Neil was 
next seen at 10.28 on 11 March, appearing to now be very unwell, dehydrated and was struggling to 
stand and support himself. The IDTS nurse referred her concerns to the primary care nurses as recorded 
in system 1 notes. They advised her to continue to push fluids but did not go to examine Neil themselves. 
The IDTS nurse returned to see Neil in his cell where she completed the expected observations. He was 
seen again later by another IDTS nurse and continued to appear visibly very unwell. His heart rate was 
very high; he was hot, sweaty and said how unwell he felt, the nurse recorded concerns for a potential 
pulmonary embolism. The IDTS nurse referred her concerns to senior primary care nurses in person 
rather than through hotel 2 emergency call. The primary care nurses failed to go to examine Neil and 
relayed incorrect medical information to the IDTS nurse requesting support. Neil was not seen at all 
overnight and his first observations on 12 March showed a significant deterioration in his physical 
condition. Oxygen saturation levels were taken for the first time at this point and were extremely low. A 
hotel 2 call was made requesting urgent assistance. This led to an ambulance be in called upon GP's 
advice. The primary care nurses who responded to the hotel 2 call suspected sepsis immediately. He was 
admitted via ambulance to City Hospital. Appropriate sepsis treatment started as per hospital policy and 
initially Neil responded well to this treatment. Extensive testing and screening took place revealing a 
diagnosis of infective endocarditis and lung abscesses. He started to rapidly deteriorate and was 
admitted to ITU where he was later mechanically ventilated for respiratory failure. Further deterioration 
led to multi-organ failure and Neil passed away on 31st March at 12.51. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Following a post mortem the medical cause of death was determined to be: 
1a  
1b  

MULTI-ORGAN FAILURE 
SEPTIC SHOCK DUE TO STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICAEMIA, LUNG ABSCESSES, EMPYEMA AND 
ENDOCARDITIS. 
INFECTED DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, PULMONARY EMBOLUS 
INTRAVENOUS DRUG USE 

1c  
1d   

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion 
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory 
duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  B wing is the drug detoxification wing at Birmingham prison. Prisoners undergoing drug 

detoxification see IDTS nurses for drug needs and primary care nurses for health care needs. 
Prisoners on B wing often have complex mixed needs. The evidence at the inquest confirmed 
there were no joint handovers despite the nurses being located very close to each other. 
Consideration needs to be given to joint handovers to ensure those prisoners with joint needs 
have a coordinated approach. 

2.  Evidence at the inquest confirmed that there was some animosity between IDTS and primary 
care nurses. IN addition witnesses were unclear who should undertake what observations on 
prisoners and for what reason. Consideration needs to be given to improving the relationship 
and making it clearer who is responsible for what observations. 

3.  Neil Black came into prison with a DVT in his right leg which was caused by IV drug use injecting 

into his groins. His groins sites and leg were not examined during his time at the prison. 
Consideration needs to be given to ensure there is a clear protocol for the examination of 
injection sites and DVT sites.  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power to take 
such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 18 
March 2019.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for 
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons 
The family 
G4S 

I have also sent it to NHS England, CQC and the Minister for Prisons who may find it useful or of interest. 
I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a 
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

21/01/2019 

Signature 

Louise Hunt Senior Coroner Birmingham and Solihull

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust (PDF)
INHS|

Birmingham Community
Healthcare
NHS Foundation Trust

15 March 2019 Chief Executive Officer

Trust Headquarters
Private and Confidential 3 Priestley Wharf
HM Senior Coroner, Mrs Hunt Holt Street
Birmingham Coroner’s Court Birmingham Science Park
50 Newton Street Aston
Birmingham Birmingham
B4 6NE B7 4BN

Tel: 0121 466 7010
Fax: 0121 466 7001
Email:

Dear Mrs Hunt

Response to Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Death dated 21 January 2019
Inquest touching the death of Neil Antony Black: 15-17 January 2019

Thank you for your Regulation 28 report relating to the death of Mr Neil Antony Black
which we received from your office on 21 January 2019. Please do be assured that we
have taken your concerns and findings very seriously. We note that actions are required to
be delivered by both Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
(‘BSMH”) and Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (“BCHC’). This
is a joint response.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

1. B wing is the drug detoxification wing at Birmingham prison. Prisoners undergoing
drug detoxification see IDTS nurses for drug needs and primary care nurses for
health care needs. Prisoners on B wing often have complex mixed needs. The
evidence at the inquest confirmed there were no joint handovers despite the nurses
being located very close to each other. Consideration needs to be given to joint
handovers to ensure those prisoners with joint needs have a coordinated approach.

2. Evidence at the inquest confirmed that there was some animosity between IDTS
and primary care nurses. IN addition witnesses were unclear who should undertake
what observations on prisoners and for what reason. Consideration needs to be
given to improving the relationship and making it clearer who is responsible for what
observations.

© 4 one.
AY €3& disability
j y Better Care: Healthier Communities E363 confident
EMPLOYER

3. Neil Black came into prison with a DVT in his right leg which was caused by IV drug
use injecting into his groins. His groins sites and leg were not examined during his
time at the prison. Consideration needs to be given to ensure there is a clear
protocol for the examination of injection sites and DVT sites.

This joint response by BCHC and BSMH has been prepared with the assistance of the
Head of Healthcare at HMP Birmingham who holds that position jointly on behalf of both
Trusts.

BCHC and BSMH have agreed the following:
1. JOINT HANDOVERS

We commenced a process on 11 February 2019 whereby the Nurse in Charge for both the
“B3” team (the primary, or physical, healthcare team employed by BCHC) and the “IDTS”
team (the Integrated Drug Treatment Service team employed by BSMH) have a verbal
handover at the midday handover for any patients who are presenting as requiring joint
care for both physical care and substance misuse treatment. The handover documents for
both IDTS and B3 will be amended to ensure these patients discussed are recorded. This
will be audited after one month to ensure the process is effective and any amendments to
this process will be made.

2. IMPROVING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEAMS AND PROTOCOL
FOR OBSERVATONS

(a) Relationship between the teams.

Whilst we acknowledge there are challenges in the teams working relationships we can
also cite a number of good practices and inter team working that we have initiated over the
last year. We hold a Management/Leaders meeting every Monday morning where any
issues are aired and can be immediately resolved to ensure problems are rapidly
discussed and solutions implemented. To further improve the teams working together we
have established a Band 7 (Team Manager) meeting for all healthcare teams on a monthly
basis. This meeting will provide an opportunity where any issues between the healthcare
teams can be openly discussed and resolutions agreed at an appropriately senior level.
We have also planned a series of more informal events to support inter team working —
these include “case busting” and team briefings. We will liaise with each Trust’s
Organisational Development Team to review if additional Organisation Development work
would be beneficial.

(b) Protocol for Observations
In relation to the physical observations there is a new protocol which clarifies the process

for physical observations on prisoners. IDTS nurses complete observations for people at
tisk of withdrawal which ensures people are experiencing a safe detoxification.

IDTS also now complete the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) observation which
results in a score and indicates the frequency of physical observations required (which
IDTS continue to do). The NEWS score also indicates if any referral needs to be made to
the “B3” physical care team or GP and provides a process to escalate concerns of a
deteriorating patient. Physical care nurses from B3 are responsible for taken a full set of
physical observations if any patient is referred to their team. The requirement to do this
was sent out to staff on 11 February 2019.

3. PROTOCOL FOR EXAMINATIONS OF INJECTION SITES AND DVT SITES

We have carefully reviewed the national guidelines and our current protocols in relation to
both the management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the physical examination of
intravenous (IV) injection sites. We are content that our local protocols reflect national
guidelines. Unfortunately in this particular case our local protocols were not followed and a
reminder went out to all healthcare staff on 13 February 2019 to ensure that all appropriate
observations at any physical examination are carried out.

We would like to thank you for drawing this matter to our attention and sincerely hope that
the controls outlined above will help to prevent future deaths of this nature.

This response has been approved by John Short, CEO, Birmingham and Solihull Mental
Health NHS Foundation Trust.

Yours sincerely

x

Richard Kirby
Chief Executive Officer
Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

Copies John Short, CEO, BSMH
Head of Healthcare, HMP Birmingham
Legal Services Departments, BSMH and BCHC

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