Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Charlotte Jacobs

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0365, written 7 Nov 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report7 Nov 2019
Reference2019-0365
DeceasedCharlotte Jacobs
CoronerRachel Galloway
Coroner areaManchester City
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedManchester University NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:   

(1)  Medical Director - Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust 

1 

CORONER 

I am, Rachel Galloway, Assistant Coroner for the Coroner Area of Manchester City. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On the 23rd November 2016 an investigation was commenced into the death of Charlotte 
Elizabeth Jacobs, aged 79 years, born on the 12th June 1937.  

The investigation concluded following a 3-day inquest, with a Jury, on the 14th October 
2019.     

The Jury recorded the Medical Cause of Death as:  

1a    Congestive Cardiac Failure  
1b    Ischaemic and Hypertensive Heart Disease, Cerebrovascular Infarction and Deep          
Tissue Injury following a fall  

II      Diabetes (Type II), Severe Depression 

The conclusion of the Jury at the inquest was: 

Narrative Conclusion:  Charlotte Jacobs died as a consequence of heart failure arising 
from heart-related disease, a cerebrovascular infarction and a deep tissue injury 
sustained in a fall, on a background of mental illness and naturally occurring disease.   

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

The Jury recorded as follows:  
“On the 11th October 2016, Charlotte Jacobs suffered an accidental fall at home.  
She suffered a deep tissue injury to her sacrum as a result of the fall and the 
unknown period of time she remained on the floor prior to being found.  
Charlotte Jacobs was found on the evening of the 11th October 2016.  An 
ambulance was called and she was taken to Manchester Royal Infirmary and 
admitted for assessment.  She was later admitted to Ward 46.  Providing care 
and treatment to Charlotte Jacobs was challenging due to difficulty in 
cannulating combined with Ms Jacobs’ refusal to accept fluids and nutrition due 
to underlying mental illness.  On the 28th October 2016, Charlotte Jacobs was 
discharged from Manchester Royal Infirmary and transferred to Maple Ward at 
Park House Psychiatric Hospital.   

On arrival, she was noted to be severely unwell.  It was noted that the deep 
tissue injury had broken down, leading to a significant sacral ulcer.  Charlotte 
Jacobs was transferred by ambulance to North Manchester General Hospital 
where investigations confirmed that she had suffered a stroke.  Her condition 
declined and Charlotte Jacobs died at 4.20 a.m. on the 31st October 2016 at 
North Manchester General Hospital”. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 During the course of the inquest, evidence was heard that Doctors and Nurses 
on Ward 46 at Manchester Royal Infirmary did not carry out a capacity 
assessment on Ms Jacobs.  Therefore, consideration was not given to Ms 
Jacobs’ ability to consent to and/or refuse nutrition, fluids and/or medical 
treatment.  She was discharged to Maple Ward on the 28th October 2016 in the 
knowledge that she had significantly deranged blood test results and remained 
physically very unwell.  The main reason for this transfer appeared to be the 
difficulty that staff were having in ensuring compliance with treatment, fluids and 
nutrition (Ms Jacobs was refusing nutrition, fluids and medication and was 
regularly pulling out her intravenous line).  It was hoped that staff on Maple 
Ward would be in a better position to manage these difficulties and encourage 
compliance with treatment.  Charlotte Jacobs was sectioned under section 2 of 
the Mental Health Act on the 28th October 2016 prior to her transfer to Maple 
Ward at Park House Hospital.  After she arrived at Park House, she was taken 
by ambulance to North Manchester General Hospital.   

Charlotte Jacobs had a recent history of mental illness and had been under the 
care of mental health services within the community.  A few days prior to her 
admission to Manchester Royal Infirmary on the 11th October 2016, an attempt 
had been made to assess her under the Mental Health Act 1983 at her home 
address.  She had not permitted the 2 doctors and/or the Approved Mental 
Health Professional to enter her address.  They had left and planned to apply for 
and obtain a warrant in order to access her property and assess her further.  
Prior to that occurring, Ms Jacobs had a fall at her home and was admitted to 
Manchester Royal Infirmary on the 11th October 2016.    

Staff on Ward 46 at Manchester Royal Infirmary did not carry out any 
assessment of Ms Jacobs in accordance with the Mental Capacity Act, as they 
wrongly assumed that the Psychiatrist (or Psychiatric Team) would deal with 
matters of this nature.  The evidence suggested that the outcome for Ms Jacobs 
might have been different, had she not been transferred to Maple Ward on the 
28th October 2016.  Instead, consideration should have been given to 
assessment of her capacity to refuse treatment, medication, fluids and nutrition.  
In the event that she had been found to lack capacity to refuse the 
aforementioned matters, further steps could have been taken at Manchester 
Royal Infirmary to make decisions in her best interests.  The evidence was that, 
on the balance of probabilities the outcome would not have been different.   

Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust carried out an internal 
investigation following Ms Jacobs’ death.  It was concluded that the transfer 
should not have taken place on the 28th October 2016 and that nursing and 
medical staff did not carry out any capacity assessment.   

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.  In my opinion 
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken.  In the circumstances it 
is my statutory duty to report to you.   

During the inquest, evidence was heard that:  

1.  The Consultant in charge of Ms Jacobs’ care (who authorised Ms Jacobs’ 

discharge on the 28th October 2016 to Maple Ward) indicated that – if similar 
circumstances arose again – he would make the same decision to transfer a 
patient to the Psychiatric Unit, despite the findings of the internal trust 
investigation that the discharge/transfer to Maple Ward should not have taken 
place.   

2.  The Consultant in charge of Ms Jacobs’ care still did not appear to understand 
that it was his role (and the role of those involved in treatment of Ms Jacobs’ 
physical illness) to consider whether a capacity assessment was required and to 
carry that out.  This was not the role of the Psychiatric team.   

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3.  The Consultant in charge of Ms Jacobs’ care and the Ward Manager for Ward 

46 (at the time in 2016) did not appear to be aware of the findings of the Trust’s 
internal investigation.   

4.  Whilst I was informed that steps were being taken to put together guidance and 
a protocol for transfers of patients from Manchester Royal Infirmary to Park 
House, this had not been completed (despite Ms Jacobs’ death occurring some 
time ago in 2016).   

In light of this evidence, I am concerned that there could be further inappropriate 
discharges/transfers from Ward 46 and/or from Manchester Royal Infirmary generally, 
leading to a risk of future deaths.   

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 8th January 2020. I, the assistant coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and the following Persons:  

(1) 
(2)  Medical Director – Greater Manchester Mental Health  

s – niece 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the assistant coroner, at the time of 
your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
Coroner. 

9 

Dated -  7th November 2019               

Signed:  

Rachel Galloway  
HM Assistant Coroner  

3

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