Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Marie Millward-Winter

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0020, written 15 Jan 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report15 Jan 2019
Reference2019-0020
DeceasedMarie Millward-Winter
CoronerRachel Galloway
Coroner areaManchester City
CategoryCare Home Health related deaths
Organisation namedNorth West Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS. 

  REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

  NORTH WEST AMBULANCE SERVICE 

Copied for interest to: 
  Next of kin  
  Chief Coroner 
  Each Step Nursing Home 

1  CORONER 

I am Rachel Galloway, Assistant Coroner, for the Coroner area of Manchester 
(City). 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 
2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INQUEST 

I concluded the inquest into the death of Marie Hilda Millward Winter on 26th 
September 2017 and recorded that he/she died from: 

1a  Intracranial haemorrhage 

1b Traumatic Injury 

 ii. Dementia Atrial Fibrillation (on Apixaban), Hypertension. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mrs Millward Winter suffered a fall in her bedroom at the Each Step Nursing home on 
the morning of the 19th August 2017. It is likely that Mrs Millward Winter fell from a 
standing position after getting out of bed. She sustained a head injury, which was 
likely caused by her coming into contact with the bedside table during the fall. The 
head trauma led to a bleed on the brain. This bleed was increased due to Apixaban 
medication (which was given to Mrs Millward Winter following the fall at Each Step 
Nursing Home on the 19th August 2017). She was taken by ambulance to North 
Manchester General Hospital. The bleed was highlighted following CT scan and 
palliative care was provided. Mrs Millward Winter passed away at North Manchester 
General Hospital on the 2nd September 2017. 
During the course of the inquest, I heard evidence that the care staff administered 
Mrs Millward Winter’s standard morning medication at around 9 am on the 19th 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 August 2017. This medication included her regular dose of Apixaban (anticoagulant 
medication) 5 mg, which was prescribed to be given twice daily. I heard evidence 
that this medication was given to Mrs Millward Winter after the fall and after the 
ambulance technicians in attendance advised that her morning medication was to be 
given (prior to relaying her to hospital). 
On hearing the evidence of the treating clinicians at Withington hospital, I concluded 
that the administration of her normal dose (5 mg) of Apixaban medication, following 
her fall on the 19th August 2017, contributed to Mrs Millward Winter’s death. In 
particular, whilst the head injury itself had caused the bleed to occur, the evidence 
from the treating clinician at Wythenshawe Hospital was that the Apixaban increased 
the severity of that bleed and contributed to her death. The clinician advised that the 
anticoagulant should not to have been given to Mrs Millward Winter at Each Step 
Nursing home following Mrs Millward Winter’s fall on the morning of the 19th August 
2017. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is 
taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 

The evidence was that the medication (Apixaban) was given to Mrs Millward Winter 
at Each Step Nursing Home on the advice of and/or in the presence of the 
Ambulance Technicians from North West Ambulance Service after she had 
sustained a head injury and prior to transporting her to hospital.  The concern is that 
the administration of this anticoagulation medication on the morning of the 19th 
August 2017, following a head injury, worsened an internal bleed and contributed to 
Mrs Millward Winter’s death.  It is of concern that such medication has been given 
when the patient has suffered a head injury (and is at risk of an internal bleed).  It is 
of concern that the medication has been given on the advice of and/or in the 
presence of the ambulance technicians.   

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and 
your organisation have the power to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by 12th March 2019.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting 
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to Interested Persons. I 
have also sent it to organisations who may find it useful or of interest. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of 
your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
Coroner. 

9 

Signed: 

Rachel Galloway    
HM Assistant Coroner for  
Manchester City Area  

                        15th January 2019 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust (PDF)
Our services:
Emergency and urgent care

Non-emergency patient transport

NHS 111 North West
Ambulance Service
NHS Trust

BY EMAIL ONLY:

coroners.office@manchester.gov.uk

Headquarters
Mr N Meadows 4

° Ladybridge Hall

HM Senior Coroner 399 Chorley New Road

Manchester City Bolton

BL1 5DD

29 March 2019 Tel: 01204 498400

Dear Mr Meadows, www.nwas.nhs.uk

INQUEST TOUCHING THE DEATH OF MRS MILLWARD-WINTER.

| refer to the Regulation 28 Report which Assistant Coroner Galloway issued at the conclusion of the
inquest touching upon the death of Marie Millward-Winter.

Firstly, | know that you will share a copy of this response with Mrs Millward-Winter’s family and on behalf
of the Trust | wish to express my sincere condolences.

In relation to the Regulation 28 Report, | wish to draw to your attention the fact that the Trust was not
notified of the inquest date, NWAS statements were read in to evidence and the Trust was not granted
Interested Person status and as such was not legally represented at the hearing or in receipt of coronial
disclosure.

As you will be aware, pursuant to Regulation 28(3) of The Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013 as
re-stated within the Chief Coroners Guidance No. 5, it is a pre-condition to making a report that the
“coroner has considered all [emphasis added] of the documents, evidence and information and that in
the opinion of the coroner is relevant to the investigation’.

Whilst by this letter the Trust provides its response to the Regulation 28 Report, it takes the view that the
issue of a Regulation 28 Report was premature. The Trust was not afforded the opportunity to provide
additional evidence/clarification on those matters which were raised during the course of the hearing and
which gave rise to the concerns alluded to within the Regulation 28 Report.

The Trust considers that, in the first instance, it ought to have been given the opportunity to provide a
response to any concerns by letter. If, following consideration of that letter, the Coroner still took the view
that they were under a duty to issue a Regulation 28 Report, one should have been issued at that point.

The Trust’s Head of Legal Services has endeavoured to speak with the crew members who attended to
Mrs Millward-Winter to obtain their account of any exchange with the nursing home staff in relation to the
administration of drugs, particularly Apixaban, prior to conveying her to hospital. NT stil!
works at the Trust and is now a HCPC Registered Paramedic.

Headquarters: Ladybridge Hall, 399 Choriey New Road, Bolton, BL1 5DD

en,
Chairman: Peter White ¢ YY INVESTORS
4.2 IN PEOPLE *

Interim Chief Executive: Michael Forrest FCIPD

Unfortunately is no longer with the Trust and we have been unable to make contact with
her.

Despite the passage of time recalls the incident and also the discussion that took place
between him and the care home staff in relation to the administration of the patient's own medication. At
no time during that discussion was the administration of anti ~ coagulant medication mentioned. He
recalls that Mrs Millward-Winter was hypertensive and the staff mentioned that she had not had her
routine medication.

recollection is that only hypertensive medication was administered together with the
patient’s own paracetamol and codeine; this administration of this medication was duly noted on the
Patient Report Form (PRF). Whilst the PRF records that Mrs Millward-Winter had been prescribed blood
thinners, the administration of any anti-coagulant medication is not recorded on the PRF.

HEE recollection is that there was no discussion in relation to the administration of anti-
coagulant medication for two reasons; firstly, Mrs Millward-Winter was being conveyed to the hospital
because she had suffered a head injury and was taking blood thinning medication and secondly,
advising on the administration of an anti-coagulant was outside of his scope of practice as an
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT).

An EMT is not a HCPC registered professional and they therefore have a limited scope of practice.
EMT's are trained to recognise the signs and symptoms of a number of conditions and administer six
medications to treat these conditions and it would be out of an EMT’s scope of practice to advise beyond
those, including Apixaban.

In an event where an EMT, or indeed any NWAS clinician, is asked a question which is outside of their
scope of practice, the Trust's procedures require that senior clinical advice is sought from the Trust's 24
hour clinical support hub which is based within its control centre.

An Advanced Paramedic has provided an overview in light of the Regulation 28 Report and has noted
that Mrs Millward-Winter was resident in a nursing home. In their view, the nurse on duty at the unit
would supersede an EMT in respect of which medication should be administered and at what point.

Whilst the Trust considers that the Regulation 28 Report was issued prematurely that in no way alters
the fact that the Trust takes any concerns raised in this way very seriously and | hope that [| have
responded to the concerns raised and provided assurance that the Trust has appropriate protocols and
procedures in place.

Finally, | am aware that Regulation 28 Reports and responses are published on the Chief Coroner's
website. In light of the matters discussed in this letter, namely the Trust's view that the Regulation 28
report was issued prematurely the Trust respectfully asks that in this instance, neither the Regulation 28
report nor this response are so published.

Hf you have any further questions arising from the contents of this letter, please do not hesitate to contact
the Trust's Legal Services Team.

Michael Forrest FCIPD
INTERIM CHIEF EXECUTIVE

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