Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Emma Langley

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0384, written 18 Nov 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report18 Nov 2019
Reference2019-0384
DeceasedEmma Langley
CoronerJames Bennett
Coroner areaBirmimgham and Solihull
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  Anthony C Marsh, Chief Executive West Midlands Ambulance Service 

1 

CORONER 

I am James Bennett Area Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 02/08/2019 I commenced an investigation into the death of Emma Jayne Langley. The investigation 
concluded at the end of an inquest on 30th October 2019. The conclusion of the inquest was Natural 
Causes. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On 30 April 2019 Emma was diagnosed by her GP with an ear infection.  On 1 May she was at home and 
developed a headache and vomiting and her family telephoned the 111 service, which resulted in an 
ambulance attending at 16.22.  A paramedic considered the ear infection as the likely source of the 
symptoms. Meningitis was not considered. Two sets of observations were undertaken alerting the 
paramedic that the NEWS2 scoring system required Emma to be taken to hospital. A third opportunity to 
take observations was missed. The Sepsis Tool was not used - had it been used, it would have raised an 
amber warning alerting the paramedic that Emma needed to be taken to hospital.  The paramedic 
wanted Emma to go to hospital but did not fully convey the clinical findings in order that Emma and her 
family could make an informed decision. No Discharge Form was provided to Emma and her family. The 
WMAS Electronic Patient Record was summarised to Emma’s partner and he signed the ‘non-
conveyance’ statement. He did not realise they were rejecting a recommendation that Emma needed to 
go to hospital. The ambulance left at approximately 18.09, having arranged for a Dr via the 111 service to 
telephone Emma. At approximately 21.26 Emma was found collapsed in bed by her family, who called 
999 and commenced CPR. Paramedics arrived at 21.34 and commenced advanced life-saving treatment 
without success, and Emma was confirmed deceased at 22.02.  Post-mortem tests revealed that Emma 
had developed Streptococcus pneumoniae which is recognised as having a very rapid progression rate. It 
is difficult to predict precisely how Emma would have responded to treatment had she been taken to 
hospital at approximately 18.00hrs, but it is unlikely treatment would have changed the outcome. The 
medical cause of death was determined to be:- 
1a. acute meningitis  
2. diabetes mellitus.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.  

The deceased/her family were keen for her to be admitted to hospital. The paramedic asked the 
deceased’s partner to sign the ‘non-conveyance’ statement on his EPR tablet after summarising a 1 hour 
45 minute attendance. The rejection of medical advice was diluted by other details. The deceased’s 
partner stated he did not appreciate what he was signing. He was distressed and emotional and the room 
had been busy with family members, the paramedics and his ill partner.  

In my judgment, the facts of this case demonstrate the current system of signing a screen on a tablet 
after a generic summary, does not adequately amplify to a patient/their family (who might be distressed 
and emotional) they are rejecting medical advice to be admitted to hospital.   

In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is 
my statutory duty to report to you. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power to take 
such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 
13/01/20. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for 
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and the family.  

I have also sent it to NHS England who may find it useful or of interest.  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a 
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

18/11/2019 

Signature 

James Bennett Area Coroner Birmingham and Solihull

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust (PDF)
Ambulance Service Headquarters 
Waterfront Way 
Brierley Hill 
West Midlands 
DY5 1LX 
Tel: 01384 215555 
website: www.wmas.nhs.uk 

Our Ref: 129768 Emma Langley 
Your Ref: COR 3288 
28 November 2019 

Mr James Bennett   
Area Coroner - Birmingham and Solihull  
50 Newton Street 
Birmingham 
West Midlands 
B4 6NE 

Dear Mr Bennett 

Re: Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths – Emma Langley 
(Deceased) 

Thank you for your email attaching the report to prevent future deaths.  

Please find our response below. 

Matter  of  concern  -  The  deceased/her  family  were  keen  for  her  to  be  admitted  to 
hospital.  The  paramedic  asked  the  deceased’s  partner  to  sign  the  ‘non-conveyance’ 
statement  on  his  EPR  tablet  after  summarising  a  1  hour  45-minute  attendance.  The 
rejection of medical advice was diluted by other details. The deceased’s partner stated 
he did not appreciate what he was signing. He was distressed and emotional and the 
room had been busy with family members, the paramedics and his ill partner. 

In  my  judgment,  the  facts  of  this  case  demonstrate  the  current  system  of  signing  a 
screen  on  a  tablet  after  a  generic  summary,  does  not  adequately  amplify  to  a 
patient/their family (who might be distressed and emotional) they are rejecting medical 
advice to be admitted to hospital. 

Response – We are currently in the process of changing the software on our electronic 
patient report to include a statement that will be visible on the screen where patients, 
family or carers will see and read prior to signing. This statement clearly sets out that 
they are signing to acknowledge the refusal for treatment and/or transport to hospital 
and/or referral for further care against the advice of the attending ambulance clinicians. 
It also goes on to state that the risks of this has been explained to them by the attending 
clinicians and they understand those risks. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A review of the Trusts policy has also been undertaken in relation to the refusal of a 
patient  to  receive  care  and  changes  have  been  made  to  provide  clarity  to  all  our 
clinicians over the expectations on them where a patient declines treatment. 

Changes have also been made to the patient discharge advice leaflet which will provide 
clearer advice and guidance to patients who are left on scene following our attendance. 

Can I please take this opportunity to pass on my sincere condolences to the family of 
Ms Langley. 

I hope this provides you with the appropriate level of assurance that WMAS has dealt 
with the issues highlighted within the report to prevent future deaths. 

If you require any further information, please do not hesitate contact me. 

Yours Sincerely  

Professor Anthony C. Marsh 
Chief Executive Officer

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