Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2020

Mollie Gifford

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2020-0211, written 30 Sep 2020. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report30 Sep 2020
Reference2020-0211
DeceasedMollie Gifford
CoronerJames Bennett
Coroner areaBirmingham and Solihull
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  

(1) Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP, Minster For Transport, Department of Transport. 
(2) Drivers and Vehicle Standards Agency. 

1 

CORONER 

I am Mr James Bennett HM Area Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull.  

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 19/04/2018 I commenced an investigation into the death of Mollie Matilda Gifford. The investigation 
concluded at the end of an inquest on 29th September 2020. The conclusion of the inquest was: ‘Died 
from unknown causes after being admitted to hospital with trauma caused during a road traffic collision.’ 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On 16 March 2018 Mollie was waiting at a traffic light controlled pedestrian crossing on Bromford Lane. 
A large goods vehicle, travelling towards Erdington, approached from the nearby junction with 
Washwood Heath Road and came to a halt 4 meters beyond the stop line. The cab had standard class 5 
and 6 mirrors to assist the driver with visibility around the cab whilst stationary. It is unknown how close 
Mollie was to the cab as she crossed the road, but the closer she was the less visible she would have 
been to the driver.  Mollie was walking slowly and was in front of the cab when the lights changed to 
green. The driver was unaware of Mollie and drove into her as he pulled away at slow speed. Mollie was 
admitted to Queen Elizabeth Hospital. She had suffered significant rib fractures, including a flail segment, 
and an associated haemothorax. She required a total right arm amputation following severe comminuted 
displaced fractures to her arm and hand.  She had a number of complications including intermittent atrial 
fibrillation, breathing difficulties, a blood clot in her remaining left arm, and she suffered a small stroke. 
By 26 March there was some improvement in her condition, she was moving both lower limbs and 
remaining upper limb, and was alert and co-operative. On 28 March she was transferred to a general 
ward. However, she became symptomatic of a chest infection and deteriorated, dying at 9.50pm on 29 
March. A standard post-mortem was performed and offered a cause of death relating to the trauma 
caused by the collision. There was no examination of the brain and no histology of the lungs. Two 
forensic pathologists conducted a paper review and disagreed with the stated cause of death. Whilst 
they felt the chest was the most likely cause of death, they could not say so with certainty. Therefore, 
the cause of death and role of the collision remains unknown. 

The opinion of the forensic pathologists who conducted a paper review was that the medical cause of 
was ‘unascertained’.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion 
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory 
duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  a forensic collision investigator of 15 years’ experience. Mr 

I heard evidence from 
previously served for 23 years as a police officer involved in road traffic investigation and reconstruction 
– for the last 5 years he was in charge of a police collision investigation unit. Mr
the lorry cab was fitted with standard class 5 and 6 mirrors. He estimated in his career he had been 
involved in around 150 collisions between lorries and other road users and pedestrians where the class 5 
and 6 mirrors did not provide the cab driver with adequate vision. The mirrors are convex and therefore 
even when clean provide a distorted view, but as they are prone to collect road dirt and spray, the 
distortion is easily amplified, making it difficult for cab drivers to see movement and colour. Some cab 
drivers will have a false sense of security about the ability of class 5 and 6 mirrors to provide a 
comprehensive view of other road users and pedestrians around the cab when stationary. Mr
went on to explain that camera units are available on the market to stream live footage of around the 
cab to the driver on a screen. Camera units offer a clearer view, are not subject to the same distortion as 
class 5 and 6 mirrors and it is easier to pick out movement and different colours.  

 explained that 

My ongoing concern is that standard class 5 and 6 mirrors create an avoidable risk cab drivers will not 
see other road users and pedestrians in close proximity to the cab when stationary.  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power to take 
such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of today’s date, namely by 15 December 
2020. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for 
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons: 

1) Mollie Gifford’s next of kin. 
2) 
3) 

, 

 – West Midlands Police. 

 and 

. 

I have also sent it to the following who may find it useful or of interest: 

4) 
5) Road Haulage Association.  

 – Viewpoint Investigative Services.  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send 
a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

30/09/2020 

Signature 

Mr James Bennett HM Area Coroner Birmingham and Solihull

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Dft (PDF)
Department for Transport 
Great Minster House 
33 Horseferry Road 
London 
SW1P 4DR 
Tel: 0300 330 3000 

Web Site: www.gov.uk/dft 

Our Ref: 

15 January 2021 

James Bennett 
Area Coroner 
Coroner's Court 
50 Newton Street 
Birmingham 
B4 6NE 

Dear Mr Bennett, 

Thank you for your report dated 30 September, under paragraph 7, 
Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and Regulations 28 
and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.  The report 
was sent to the Department for Transport (DfT) and to the Driver and 
Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) following the conclusion of your 
inquest into the death of Mollie Matilda Gifford.  I am replying on behalf 
of the both DVSA and DfT as Head of International Vehicle Standards, 
which is the lead division on vehicle construction standards. 

During the inquest you heard evidence that drivers of large goods 
vehicles are not afforded an adequate view of pedestrians in close 
proximity to their vehicle when viewed in the Class V and Class VI 
mirrors.  A forensic collision investigator explained that the use of a 
camera system could provide a clearer view of pedestrians. 

All new vehicle types need to be approved prior to their registration and 
use on GB roads to demonstrate that they comply with a range of 
technical construction standards.  The requirements for indirect vision 
are set out in the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 
(UNECE) Regulation 46 which permits mirrors or camera-monitor 
systems (CMS) to be fitted to the vehicle. 

Once a vehicle enters service the relevant regulations are the Road 
Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 (C & U) which 
governs the ongoing requirements for the indirect vision devices.  C & U 
includes the option of UNECE Regulation 46 thereby allowing CMS as 
an alternative to Class V and Class VI mirrors. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The CMS and mirrors permitted under C & U each has benefits in 
different circumstances.  The selection of which system to use is one for 
the operator to consider, taking account of the nature of their operating 
environment. 

You will be interested to know that the DfT is working at international 
level to develop appropriate requirements to improve vision for drivers 
around large goods vehicles.  This work includes improved direct vision 
for the driver through vehicle windows and the windscreen, a moving-off 
information system to provide a warning to the driver if a vulnerable road 
user is in front of a vehicle, a blind spot information system to detect 
cyclists alongside vehicles and provide a warning to the driver, and 
reversing detection using cameras or sensors. 

The requirements for the majority of these improvements should be 
agreed by global technical experts at the UNECE in April this year, and 
we anticipate their adoption into international law later in the year.  This 
should ensure that drivers of future designs of vehicles will be better 
able to identify people in close proximity to their vehicle. 

I hope you find this information helpful and are reassured that the 
Department already permits the use of CMS, as well as being engaged 
in the development of additional vehicle requirements to improve 
protection for vulnerable road users. 

Head of International Vehicle Standards

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