Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Serena Nicolle

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0212, written 22 Jun 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report22 Jun 2021
Reference2021-0212
DeceasedSerena Nicolle
CoronerAnna Crawford
Coroner areaSurrey
CategoryState Custody related deaths
Organisation namedCentral and North West London NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

IN THE SURREY CORONER’S COURT 
IN THE MATTER OF: 

__________________________________________________________ 

The Inquest Touching the Death of Serena Nicolle 
A Regulation 28 Report – Action to Prevent Future Deaths 
__________________________________________________________ 

1  THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Alex Chalk MP  
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State  
Ministry for Justice  
102 Petty France 
London 
SW1H 9AJ 

2  CORONER 

Miss Anna Crawford, HM Assistant Coroner for Surrey 

3  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7(1) of Schedule 5 to The Coroners 
and Justice Act 2009. 

4 

INQUEST 
An investigation into the death of Serena Nicolle was commenced on 12 
September 2018 and an inquest into her death was opened on 19 February 
2019.  The inquest was resumed on 20 April 2021 and concluded on 27 
April 2021.    

The medical cause of Mrs Nicolle’s death was: 

1a. Ventricular Arrythmia 
1b. Hypertensive Heart Disease 
2. Diabetes Mellitus, Sleep Apnoea, Obesity, Stress  

The inquest concluded with a short form conclusion of ‘Natural Causes’.   

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On  31  August  2018  Mrs  Nicolle  was  remanded  in  custody  to  HMP 
Bronzefield, having never been to prison before.  On 3 September 2018 she 
died in her cell due to Hypertensive Heart Disease.   

Mrs  Nicolle’s  death  was  contributed  to  by  her  chronic  conditions  of 
Diabetes,  Sleep  Apnoea  and  Obesity,  all  of  which  contributed  to  the 
development of her Hypertensive Heart Disease. 

Mrs Nicolle was suffering from stress in the days leading up to her death, 
which contributed to her suffering a Ventricular Arrythmia in the context 
of her underlying Hypertensive Heart Disease. 

HMP  Bronzefield  is  a  privately  run  female  prison  operated  by  Sodexo 
Justice Services (SJS). 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 6  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

The Coroner’s concerns are as follows: 

At the conclusion of the inquest the court found that:  

i) 

ii) 

Mrs Nicolle was last known to be alive at 12:40 on 3 September 
2018;  
At an unknown time between 12:40 and 16:11 she suffered a 
cardiac arrest whilst she was in her cell; 

iii)  At 16:11 a prison custody officer observed Serena Nicolle 
through the cell hatch at which time she was lying 
unresponsive on the floor.  The prison custody officer then 
returned to the cell at approximately 16:30 with a prison nurse.  

iv)  At 16:30 the prison nurse looked in at Serena Nicolle through 

v) 

the hatch in her cell door and incorrectly believed that she 
could see movement in her abdomen and chest and therefore 
erroneously assessed that she was breathing, when in fact she 
was already deceased.  
Shortly thereafter a prison custody officer also looked in at 
Serena Nicolle through the hatch in her cell door and also 
incorrectly believed that she could see movement in Mrs 
Nicolle’s abdomen and chest and erroneously assessed that she 
was breathing, when in fact she was already deceased. 
vi)  At 16:35 the cell door was opened and CPR was commenced 

initially by prison staff and subsequently by the attending 
paramedics.  However, the resuscitation attempts were 
unsuccessful and Mrs Nicolle was declared deceased at the 
scene.  

During the course of the inquest the court heard evidence that observing 
the movement of an individual’s chest and abdomen through a cell hatch 
is a standard procedure for checking whether they are breathing, in 
circumstances where they are not otherwise moving or responding to 
prison staff.  The court heard that this is the position across the prison 
estate and is not limited to HMP Bronzefield.   

The court also heard evidence from expert witness Dr 
Consultant Cardiologist, who stated that in his opinion it is very difficult 
to assess whether somebody is breathing or not by looking for movement 
in the chest/abdomen from a distance.   

, a 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Coroner is concerned that on 3 September 2018 two members of 
prison staff assessed that Mrs Nicolle was breathing when she was in fact 
deceased, and that in doing so they followed standard procedures which 
are in place across the prison estate.  

Whilst these errors did not contribute to Mrs Nicolle’s death, the Coroner 
is concerned that were similar errors to occur in the future, it would 
present a risk of future deaths, particularly given Dr 
it is difficult to assess whether somebody is breathing or not by looking 
for movement in the chest/abdomen from a distance.   

 evidence that 

The MATTER OF CONCERN is: 

1.  The observation of an individual’s chest/abdomen through a cell 

door hatch may be an unreliable method of checking whether they 
are breathing, in circumstances in which they are not otherwise 
moving or responding to prison staff, and therefore gives rise to 
the risk of future deaths.  

2.  Consideration should be therefore be given as to whether 

additional policies, procedures, guidance or training ought to be 
introduced across the prison estate to address this risk.  

7  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe that the people listed in paragraph one above have the power to 
take such action.  

8  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of its date; I 
may extend that period on request. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for such action. Otherwise you must 
explain why no action is proposed. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 9  COPIES 

I have sent a copy of this report to the following: 

1.  Chief Coroner  
2.  Mrs Nicolle’s family (
3.  Sodexo Justice Services  
4.  Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust  
5.  Cimmaron UK  
6.  Dr 
7.  Prisons and Probation Ombudsman 

)   

10  Signed: 

Anna Crawford 
H.M Assistant Coroner for Surrey 
Dated this 22nd day of June 2021 

5

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