Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Billy Warwick-Jones

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0305, written 10 Sep 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report10 Sep 2021
Reference2021-0305
DeceasedBilly Warwick-Jones
CoronerLydia Brown
Coroner areaWest London
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths · Community health care · Other related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

West London Coroner Service 
25 Bagleys Lane, Fulham, London, SW6 2QA 

Date: 10 September 2021 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP, Secretary of State for Transport 

General Medical Council 

Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency 

(GP for 
CORONER 

) 

I am Mrs Lydia Brown, Area Coroner  for West London 
CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7 

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made 
INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 2 September 2020 I commenced an investigation into the death of Billy 
Martyn WARWICK-JONES. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest . The 
conclusion of the inquest was 

Road traffic collision 

1a  Multiple Injuries 

1b 

1c 

II    Alcohol intoxication and Cocaine Use 
CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Billy was driving his motorbike southbound on the A3 at approximately 0540 on 29 August 

1 

2 

3 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2020 near the junction with Coombe Lane, Kingston when he was hit head on by a car being 
driven on the wrong side of the duel carriageway. The driver of the car was 91 years of age, 
was suffering from a urine tract infection and delirious and had been in his car driving across 
London and Surrey for 16 hours. He did not have capacity to drive, was driving dangerously 
and his actions caused Billy's death 

CORONER'S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my 
opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  -

The driver of the vehicle that caused this death was unwell with a urine tract infection.  He 
had previously been treated for a urine tract infection.  There is no evidence to suggest that 
he or his family were advised that he may demonstrate symptoms of confusion, agitation or 
delirium as a consequence of this and they would render him unfit to drive. 

There appears to be insufficient testing and instruction of the older population with regards to 
road safety, which led to this tragic outcome.  While there are guidelines for driving with 
dementia or mild cognitive impairment produced by the General Medical Council, there 
appears to be nothing specific to other sudden onset confusion or delirium which is a well 
recognised and common symptom in the elderly when physically unwell. 

It is recognised that our population are growing older and that an increasing number of this 
cohort will have a driving licence.  It is of concern that a situation can arise that leads to the 
loss of another drivers life, and additional lives could very easily have been lost as a 
consequence of this incident.  Consideration should be given to more frequent, rigorous 
testing and to consider the duties that should be placed on the driver, their medical 
practitioners and also family members/carers to report changes in presentation or health to 
the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action. 
YOUR RESPONSE 

5 

6 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 1st November 2021.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

7 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 
COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons 

8 

 Mother of the deceased, 

 Metropolitan Police 

 Counsel for the family, DS 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 

 
 
 
 He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, 
about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 
10 September 2021 

9 

Signature 

Lydia Brown Area Coroner for West London

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department for Transport (PDF)
Mrs Lydia Brown  
Area Coroner for West London 
West London Coroner Service 
25 Bagleys Lane,  
Fulham  
SW6 2QA 

From the Secretary of State 

Great Minster House 
33 Horseferry Road 
London 
SW1P 4DR 

Tel: 0300 330 3000 
E-Mail: 

Web site: www.gov.uk/dft 

Our Ref: 
Your Ref: 

     26 October 2021 

Dear Mrs Brown, 

Thank you for your report of 10 September made under the Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) 
Regulations 2013, following the inquest you conducted into the death of Mr 
Billy Martyn Warwick-Jones.  

I was very sorry to learn of the tragic circumstances of this case and would 
like to express my sincere condolences to the families of those involved. 

I have considered your report which highlights your concern that there is 
insufficient testing and instruction of the older population with regards to road 
safety, and its recommendations very carefully. 

As outlined on Gov.uk, the current driver licensing arrangements are 
underpinned by a legal requirement that all drivers must inform the Driver and 
Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) if at any time they develop a medical 
condition that may affect safe driving. Doctors and other healthcare 
professionals play an important part in the driver licensing process by 
advising their patients of the implications of their condition, the effect of any 
treatment or medication that they are receiving, and whether they need to 
notify the DVLA.  

To support medical professionals, the DVLA has published guidance for 
medical professionals which can be accessed on Gov.uk.  The DVLA also 
provides a dedicated and confidential telephone line for health professionals 
to contact one of its doctors for case-specific advice or general guidance. 
Although there is no legal obligation for doctors to notify the DVLA about a 
patient who is medically unfit to drive, they can and do make such 
notifications to the DVLA.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The General Medical Council (GMC) also provides guidance for doctors. As 
well as circumstances where consent may be obtained from patients to notify 
the DVLA of a medical condition, the guidance also covers circumstances 
where patients do not consent, or where they are unwilling or unable to notify 
the DVLA themselves. Doctors must consider the patient’s needs, but also 
the risk to the public if a medical condition is likely to be a source of danger 
on the road. Doctors do not have to be aware that their patients are actually 
driving in circumstances where they consider that they are incapable of 
understanding the advice provided and should inform the DVLA as soon as 
possible. The GMC guidance sets this out clearly, and doctors must make a 
judgement in each case.   

Turning to the specific condition in this case, a urinary tract infection is not 
covered by an individual section in the guidance for medical professionals, 
but there is a section on temporary medical conditions. This confirms that 
drivers generally do not need to notify the DVLA of conditions for which 
clinical advice has indicated less than three months of no driving. For this 
temporary condition, it should be discussed by the driver and the doctor 
providing treatment. If the judgement of the clinician is that the DVLA needs 
to be notified, they should advise the patient to do so. 

A driver’s age is, in itself, not an automatic barrier to driving. But the likelihood 
of having a medical condition that can affect safe driving does increase with 
age. The current process for drivers renewing their licences at age 70 or over 
is designed to balance road safety and the needs of the individual.  There is 
little evidence to suggest that introducing a stricter regime which included 
mandatory testing or medical examinations would improve road safety. 
Drivers are encouraged to discuss any concerns about their driving fitness 
with their own medical professionals. 

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, with funding from the 
Department, has developed an older driver website which can be accessed 
at: www.olderdrivers.org.uk. The website contains information to help older 
people to continue to drive for as long as they are safe to do so. It includes 
general advice, as well as details on driving assessments and refresher 
training.   

I can assure you that I and the DVLA take road safety very seriously, and 
while our roads are some of the safest in the world, I am not complacent.  As 
such all policies relating to road safety are kept under constant review. 

Yours sincerely, 

SECRETARY OF STATE FOR TRANSPORT
Response from Gmc (PDF)
29 October 2021 

Lydia Brown 
Area Coroner for West London 
West London Coroner Service  
25 Bagley’s Lane, Fulham, London, SW6 2QA 
0208 753 6800 

Via email: 

 Dear Mrs Brown 

Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths  

Thank you for your Regulation 28 Report ‘To Prevent Future Deaths’. I am 
responding as the Medical Director and Director of Education and Standards for the 
GMC. 

I am grateful to you for raising the matter with us, and I am sorry to hear of the 
circumstances of Mr Warwick-Jones’ death.   

The GMC is the regulator for the medical profession in the UK. As part of our role, 
we publish guidance for doctors setting out the principles of good practice and the 
professional standards expected of them in the course of their work. All doctors 
must be aware of and follow the guidance and we have powers to take action if 
those standards are not met.  

Our guidance Confidentiality: patients’ fitness to drive and reporting concerns to 
the DVLA or DVA sets out our expectations of doctors where patients have 
conditions that could impact on their ability to drive safely. We outline that the 
driver is legally responsible for telling the DVLA or DVA about any such condition or 
treatment. Doctors should therefore alert patients to conditions and treatments 
that might affect their ability to drive and remind them of their duty to tell the 
appropriate agency. Doctors may, however, need to make a decision about 
whether to disclose relevant information without consent to the DVLA or DVA in the 
public interest if a patient is unfit to drive but continues to do so.  

If a doctor becomes aware that a patient is continuing to drive when they may not 
be fit to do so, they should make every reasonable effort to persuade them to stop. 
If they do not manage to persuade the patient to stop driving, or discover that the 
patient is continuing to drive against their advice, they should consider whether the 
patient’s refusal to stop driving leaves others exposed to a risk of death or serious 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 harm. If they believe that it does, they should contact the DVLA or DVA promptly 
and disclose and relevant medical information, in confidence, to the medical 
advisor.  

We do not specify particular conditions that might affect a patient’s fitness to drive 
or give guidelines for driving with particular conditions as we do not set clinical 
standards or provide clinical guidance. This is the role of a wide range of other 
bodies. However, we outline to doctors that when assessing a patient’s condition 
and providing treatment, they should refer to the DVLA’s guidance Assessing 
fitness to drive- a guide for medical professionals, which includes more detailed 
information about specific disorders and conditions that can impair a patient’s 
fitness to drive.  

The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) in England, Scotland and Wales 
and the Driver and Vehicle Agency (DVA) in Northern Ireland are legally 
responsible for deciding if a person is medically unfit to drive, and we say that if a 
doctor is unsure whether the patient’s condition would affect their ability to drive 
safely, they should seek advice from an experienced colleague or the DVLA or 
DVA’s medical adviser.  

For the reasons outlined above, we are unable to specify particular conditions in 
our guidance or include a general duty for increased testing, as each patient would 
need to be considered by their doctor on a case by case basis before being 
assessed by the DVLA.  

We do however recognise the importance of highlighting the increased risks 
resulting from confusion where patients have, or have previously had UTIs, with 
the profession. To that end, we have contacted the Royal College of General 
Practitioners (RCGP) to alert them to these issues, so they can consider how best 
to raise awareness of this particular case and its implications with their members.  

I hope the information above is helpful.  

Yours faithfully 

Medical Director and Director of Education and Standards, GMC

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