Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Eva Wheeler

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0424, written 21 Dec 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report21 Dec 2021
Reference2021-0424
DeceasedEva Wheeler
CoronerRachel Knight
Coroner areaSouth Wales Central
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Wales prevention of future deaths reports (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

##DW<<ALLTRIM(cSignedBy)>> 
##DW<<ALLTRIM(cSignedByTitle)>> for 
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REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  the Chief Executive of Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board. 
CORONER 

1 

I am Rachel Knight Assistant Coroner for South Wales Central 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 24/02/2020 I commenced an investigation into the death of Eva Eileen WHEELER. The investigation 
concluded at the end of the inquest 15th December 2021. I made a determination at inquest that the 
death should be recorded in a narrative conclusion. 

The medical cause of death I recorded as: 
1(a) Abdominal Perforation 
1(b) Sigmoid Volvulus 

II Asthma, Ischaemic Heart Disease 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Eva Eileen Wheeler was aged 82 and was an inpatient at Ysbyty Cwm Cynon, for rehabilitation following a 
soft tissue hip injury.  She suddenly developed a bowel obstruction which led to a perforation and died 
on 17th February 2020.  

NARRATIVE: Mrs Wheeler developed sigmoid volvulus in the early hours of 17 th February, and despite 
appropriate treatment and diagnosis the same morning, she was not transferred to Prince Charles 
Hospital for further assessment and care by surgeons.  A communication error between staff meant that 
an emergency ambulance was not called for Mrs Wheeler, and YCC had reached the ceiling of care it 
could offer her. This failure is unlikely to have changed the outcome for Mrs Wheeler, as her age and co -
morbidities meant that she was not a candidate for emergency bowel surgery.  She deteriorated rapidly 
on the ward, and died of an abdominal perforation at around 16:30. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion 
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory 
duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

(1) The communication error between staff led to a failure to contact an emergency ambulance to 
transfer a critically ill patient to a major hospital.  Since this incident, computerisation has largely 
replaced written notes in this Trust, and evidence from staff did not satisfy me that any changes were 

##DW<<corAddress>> 
Tel ##DW<<corTel>>    |    Fax ##DW<<corFax>> 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 embedded on the ground.  I am concerned that there is not a clear and robust process in place for 
documenting, requesting and chasing-up emergency ambulances throughout YCC; 
(2) A consequence of the communication error (above) was that Mrs Wheeler was given lunch, rather 
than being kept nil by mouth prior to proposed surgical assessment.  There should be a protocol to 
inform relevant staff when an emergency ambulance is awaited, so that where appropriate, the patient is 
kept nil by mouth; and 
(3) The on-call Medical Registrar at Prince Charles Hospital was contacted for advice, since doctors do not 
work at YCC overnight. Had the on-call Surgical Registrar been consulted, there may have been an earlier 
diagnosis of suspected sigmoid volvulus. Bowel obstructions are relatively common in an elderly patient 
cohort, so I question whether provision for joint discussion between the registrars should be built into a 
protocol. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power to take 
such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 15th 
February 2022. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the time table for 
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons: 

Family of Eva Wheeler 
Chief Executive of Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a 
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

21/12/2021 

Signature

Rachel Knight  
Assistant Coroner  
South Wales Central 

##DW<<corAddress>> 
Tel ##DW<<corTel>>    |    Fax ##DW<<corFax>>

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board (PDF)
Your ref/eich cyf: 
Our ref/ein cyf: 
Date/Dyddiad: 
Tel/ffôn: 
Email/ebost: 
Dept/adran: 

15 February 2022 

Chair and Chief Executive 

Private and Confidential 
Ms Rachel Knight 
Her Majesty’s Assistant Coroner 
Coroner’s Office 
The Old Courthouse 
Courthouse Street 
Pontypridd 
CF37 1JW 

Dear Ms Knight 

Regulation 28 – Eva Eileen Wheeler 

Thank you for the correspondence in relation to the above Regulation 28 which 
was received by the Health Board on 23rd December 2021.  

Please be assured that the Health Board has taken this matter extremely seriously 
and action is being taken to address the matters highlighted during the inquest 
and those raised by yourself and the Regulation 28 report.   

We sincerely apologise to Mrs Wheeler’s family and would like to confirm that we 
have acted as directed by your findings. The details provided below align with the 
numerical order in which you presented your concerns.  

The  communication  error  between  staff  led  to  a  failure  to  contact  an 
emergency  ambulance  to  transfer  a  critically  ill  patient  to  a  major 
hospital.    Since  this  incident,  computerisation  has  largely  replaced 
written  notes  in  this  Trust,  and  evidence  from  staff  did  not  satisfy  me 
that any changes were embedded on the ground.   I am concerned that 
there  is  not  a  clear  and  robust  process  in  place  for  documenting, 
requesting and chasing-up emergency ambulances throughout YCC. 

Croeso i chi gyfathrebu â’r bwrdd iechyd yn y Gymraeg neu'r Saesneg. Byddwn yn ymateb yn yr un iaith a ni fydd 
 hyn yn arwain at oedi.  

You are welcome to correspond with the health board in Welsh or English. We will respond accordingly and this 
will not delay the response. 

Cyfeiriad Dychwelyd/Return Address: 
Bwrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Cwm Taf Morgannwg, Pencadlys, Parc Navigation, Abercynon, CF45 4SN 
Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Headquarters, Navigation Park, Abercynon, CF45 4SN 

Bwrdd lechyd Prifysgol Cwm Taf Morgannwg yw enw gweithredol Bwrdd lechyd Lleol Prifysgol Cwm Taf Morgannwg 
lCwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board is the operational name of the Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Local Health Board

 
 
 
 With  regards  to  the  first  matter,  the  existing  process  for  the  “Transfer  of  an 
Acutely Unwell Patient” has been reviewed and revised with a view to:-  

➢  Making explicit the role and responsibilities of both nursing and medical staff. 
➢  Providing further clarification regarding the separate stages of the process. 
➢  Reinforcing the need for verbal instructions and discussions to be recorded in 

the medical records and digital nursing records.  

Additionally, a programme of re-education is in the process of being taken forward 
to ensure that all Registered Nursing staff and Medical staff are fully conversant 
with  the  revised  process.  Paper  copies  of  the  revised  process  will  also  be 
laminated and displayed by the nurses station for ease of reference at all times.  

Furthermore, staff knowledge and understanding of the process will be monitored 
by  undertaking  an  audit  following  completion  of  the  re-education  process.  This 
will  be undertaken  by the Senior Nurse with responsibility for the wards within 
Ysbyty Cwm Cynon.  

A consequence of the communication error (above) was that Mrs Wheeler 
was given lunch, rather than being kept nil by mouth prior to proposed 
surgical assessment.  There should be a protocol to inform relevant staff 
when  an  emergency  ambulance  is  awaited,  so  that  where  appropriate, 
the patient is kept nil by mouth. 

With regards to the second matter, the existing process has been reviewed and 
revised with a view to making explicit:- 

➢  the  need  to  communicate  verbal  medical  instructions  clearly  and  in  a  timely 

manner to the Registered Nurse with responsibility for the patient. 

➢  the need to record a “nil by mouth” instruction within the medical records. This 

should be completed by the Doctor in keeping with best practice.  

➢  the need for the Registered Nurse with responsibility for the patient to record 
the  medical  instruction  “nil  by  mouth”  within  the  digital  nursing  records  in 
keeping with best practice.  

➢  the need for the Registered Nurse with responsibility for the patient to notify 
all relevant staff of the need to maintain the patient nil by mouth in a timely 
manner.  

The  on-call  Medical  Registrar  at  Prince  Charles  Hospital  was  contacted 
for advice, since doctors do not work at YCC overnight. Had the on-call 
Surgical  Registrar  been  consulted,  there  may  have  been  an  earlier 
diagnosis  of  suspected  sigmoid  volvulus.  Bowel  obstructions  are 
relatively  common  in  an  elderly  patient  cohort,  so  I  question  whether 
provision for joint discussion between the registrars should be built into 
a protocol. 

Nursing, Medical and Patient Safety Lead Officers met on the 14th January 2022 
to  discuss  and  explore  the  requirement  for  joint  discussions  as  advised  above.  
The  existing  process  for  reviewing  and  monitoring  an  acutely  unwell  patient  is 
embedded  across  all  four  wards,  this  being  the  National  Early  Warning  Score 
(NEWS). Where a patient’s observations are outside of normal parameters or  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 where there are signs of physiological deterioration, Registered Nursing staff take 
appropriate action by seeking advice and support from medical staff.  

Additionally,  there  is  an  ongoing  monthly  NEWS  audit  in  place  to  ensure 
compliance with the NEWS documentation, the results of which are reported and 
acted upon by the site based Advanced Nurse Practitioner in partnership with the 
Senior  Nurse  and  Ward  Managers.  This  includes  the  provision  of  one  to  one 
learning  and  strengthen  clinical 
practice  development  sessions  to  aid 
competencies.  

During out of hours, this process continues and where it is identified that a patient 
is  deteriorating,  the  escalation  process  is  initiated.  Again  this  processed  is 
embedded across all four wards with all Registered Nurses being fully conversant 
with the action they are required to undertake, namely refer to the on call medical 
teams for further advice. In this case, the Registered Nurse with responsibility for 
the  patient  followed  due  process  by  referring  to  the  medical  team  on  call.  The 
decision as to whether discussion or referral to another specialty is required is a 
clinical  decision made by the on call  team taking the call.  Having reviewed the 
process  which  currently  exists  between  the  on  call  teams,  there  have  been  no 
reported  incidents  in  relation  this  well-established  process  and  it  is  therefore 
concluded that there is no requirement for an “on call shared discussion protocol” 
to be developed. 

Yours sincerely 

Prif Weithredwr/Chief Executive

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