Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2025

Colin Colley

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2025-0145, written 17 Mar 2025. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report17 Mar 2025
Reference2025-0145
DeceasedColin Colley
CoronerRachel Knight
Coroner areaSouth Wales Central
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Wales prevention of future deaths reports (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

GRAEME HUGHES 

HIS MAJESTY’S 
SENIOR CORONER 

SOUTH WALES CENTRAL  
CORONER AREA  

CORONER’S OFFICE 

THE OLD COURTHOUSE 

COURTHOUSE STREET 

PONTYPRIDD 
CF37 1JW 

Telephone: 

Email: 

ANNEX A 

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

The Chief Executive Cardiff & Vale University Health Board  

1 

2 

3 

CORONER 

I am Rachel Knight Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of South Wales Central. 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 24 October 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of Colin Colley. The 
investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 12th March 2025. The conclusion of 
the inquest was a narrative: 

Colin Colley was aged 87 when on 14th October 2023 he died at the University Hospital of 
Wales, Cardiff. Colin suffered with a number of comorbidities including dementia and 
frailty, and he was anticoagulated for atrial fibrillation. Colin suffered an unwitnessed fall 
from bed on 11th October, when he was an inpatient at St. David's Hospital, Cardiff. He 
was known to wander from his bed in hospital, and had fallen previously, and he had been 
assessed as being at high risk of falls. His restlessness and cognitive decline indicated that 
his cot sides should have been left down. He had been assessed as requiring one-to-one 
supervision.   

At the time of Colin's final fall, he had been left unsupervised and bed rails were in place, in 
error. He sustained a fatal brain bleed, and was transferred to the University Hospital of 
Wales, where sadly his condition deteriorated until his death. 

Coroner’s Office, The Old Courthouse, Courthouse Street, Pontypridd, CF37 1JW 

Phone/Ffôn  (01443) 281100       Fax/Ffacs  (01443) 485862 

 
  
 1a   Intracranial haemorrhage 

1b   Unwitnessed fall with traumatic head injury 

1c   Vascular dementia, frailty of old age 

 II    Atrial fibrillation (treated) 
CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

 Mr Colley was left unsupervised with cot sides up. He climbed out and fell sustaining a fatal head 
injury. He should not have been left unsupervised and his cot sides should not have been up.  

4 

5 

6 

The Inquest focused upon:- 

a. Mr Colley’s risk of falling; and 

b. The use of the Enhanced Supervision Document;. 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  

(1)   Evidence was taken from nurses at St David’s that there remains a lack of confidence 
in both qualified nursing staff, healthcare assistants and healthcare support workers in the 
use of and implication of risk assessments around falls, and the use of and importance of 
enhanced supervision and the Enhanced Supervision Document. I am concerned that 
unless more training is provided and refreshed frequently, there is a risk of future deaths 
occurring, particularly given the cohort being nursed at that hospital and the turnover of 
staff. 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and your 
organisation have the power to take such action. 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 8th May 2025.  I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

7 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

Coroner’s Office, The Old Courthouse, Courthouse Street, Pontypridd, CF37 1JW 

Phone/Ffôn  (01443) 281100       Fax/Ffacs  (01443) 485862 

  
 I have sent a copy of my report to family who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, 
about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

13 March 2025  

9 

SIGNED:  

Rachel Knight Assistant Coroner for South Wales Central Coroner Area 

Coroner’s Office, The Old Courthouse, Courthouse Street, Pontypridd, CF37 1JW 

Phone/Ffôn  (01443) 281100       Fax/Ffacs  (01443) 485862

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (PDF)
Executive Headquarters / Pencadlys Gweithredol 

Woodland House 
Maes-y-Coed Road 
Cardiff   
CF14 4HH  

Ty Coedtir 
Ffordd Maes-y-Coed 
Caerdydd 
CF14 4HH 

Chief Executive 

Eich cyf/Your ref:  
Ein cyf/Our ref: SR-jb-0525-089 
Welsh Health Telephone Network:  
Direct Line/Llinell uniongychol: 029 2183 6010 

Ein cyf/Our ref: 

7 May 2025 

Ms Knight 
Assistant Coroner for South Wales Central Coroner Area 
Coroner’s Office 
The Old Courthouse 
Courthouse Street 
Pontypridd 
CF37 1JW 

Sent via Email: 

Dear Ms Knight 

I am writing in response to the report to prevent future deaths, issued following the 
inquest into the death of Mr Colin Colley in October 2023.  I would also like to take this 
opportunity to offer my sincere condolences to Mr Colley’s family. As a Health Board 
we  would  welcome  the  opportunity  to  meet  with  them  and  discuss  the  actions  that 
have  been  taken  to  mitigate  the  risk  of  a  future  death  occurring  in  similar 
circumstances. 

In your report, you raised concerns regarding the confidence of our qualified nursing 
staff, healthcare assistants, and healthcare support workers in the use and implication 
of  risk  assessments  around  falls,  as  well  as  the  use  and  importance  of  enhanced 
supervision and related documentation. I have outlined below the significant work that 
has  been  undertaken  and  is  ongoing  to  address  these  concerns  and  improve  the 
confidence  of  our  staff  in  the  prevention  and  management  of  falls  and  the  use  of 
enhanced supervision. 

Falls Prevention and Management 

Expanding falls prevention and management training has been a particular focus for 
the  Health  Board,  with  St  David’s  Hospital  serving  as  an  early  pilot  site.  Training 
sessions  were  provided  to  St  David’s  staff  in  September,  October,  and  December 
2024, with additional dates offered in May and June 2025. To date, 59% of qualified 
nurses have completed the training. We aim to reach compliance figures of a minimum   
of 85%. Study days have been booked, and the target compliance figure of 70 should 
be  achievable  by  July  2025,  provided  there  are  no  cancellations  due  to  other 
pressures. The trajectory will be monitored to achieve and maintain in excess of 85% 
compliance by year end. 

Bwrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Caerdydd a’r Fro yw enw gweithredol Bwyrdd Iechyd Lleol Prifysgol Caerdydd a’r Fro  
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board is the operational name of Cardiff and Vale University Local Health Board 

Croesawir y Bwrdd ohebiaeth yn Gymraeg neu Saesneg. Sicrhawn byddwn yn cyfathrebu â chi yn eich dewis iaith. Ni fydd gohebu yn Gymraeg yn creu unrhyw oedi 

The Board welcomes correspondence in Welsh or English. We will ensure that we will communicate in your chosen language. Correspondence in Welsh will not lead to a delay 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The falls training delivered within the Health Board was developed from a successful 
programme  within  Mental  Health  Services  for  Older  People  (MHSOP),  which 
demonstrated  a  reduction  in  falls  following  the  training  sessions.  This  training  was 
adapted to ensure suitability for physical health areas by a multidisciplinary team as 
part  of  the  Dragon’s  Heart  Institute’s  Spread  and  Scale  Academy.  A  Falls  Strategy 
Lead was recruited in July 2023 to support the coordination of training and other falls-
related work. 

The  rollout  of  training  across  the  University  Health  Board  (UHB)  continues,  with 
positive impacts observed through programme evaluations. Audits have shown a 25% 
improvement  in  the  completion  and  quality  of  the  Multifactorial  Risk  Assessments 
(MFRAs) following training. Additionally, staff who have undertaken the training have 
reported increased confidence in completing the MFRA. 

The Health Board has also included falls prevention and management training as part 
of  the  preceptorship  programme  for all  newly  qualified  nursing  staff  and  the  Health 
Care Support Worker (HCSW) induction programme. 

Significant efforts have been made to ensure a prompt and effective response when 
a patient falls within our hospitals. This includes the introduction of action cards, which 
provide  easy-to-follow  steps  and  practical  information,  such  as  the  location  of 
equipment and relevant telephone numbers. At St David’s, we have implemented a 
new process allowing ward staff to contact the Emergency Unit Consultant or Senior 
Registrar for support and  advice  following a  patient  fall out  of  hours. This advice  is 
provided  via  the  Consultant  Connect  system,  preventing  unnecessary  ambulance 
transfers  and  offering  reassurance  and  guidance  for  nursing  staff  when  the  patient 
remains on the ward for monitoring. 

A digital version of the MFRA is part of the suite of risk assessments within the Welsh 
Nursing Care Record (WNCR), which is live across St David’s Hospital. This provides 
additional data on the completion of the MFRA, which can be used to inform specific 
areas of focus for falls training. The Health Board has also led a proposal to update 
the digital MFRA, making it easier for staff to complete and placing a greater focus on 
actions  taken  to  reduce  patients’  falls  risks.  Compliance  with  falls  guidance  and 
documentation of falls risks is audited via the Tendable platform and feeds into the 
Health Board’s nursing dashboard. 

The significant work undertaken over the last two years has contributed to an updated 
Health Board procedure for the prevention and management of adult inpatient falls, 
which is in the final stages of sign-off. We have also developed a staff intranet site 
containing  a  wealth  of  useful  information,  including  electronic  copies  of  the  action 
cards and training videos. 

Bedrails 

The Health Board has implemented ultra-low beds with integral rails across all general 
inpatient areas to enhance safety. Bedrail risk assessments are a mandatory part of 
nursing  inpatient  risk  assessments  and  are  discussed  during  falls  training.  It  is 
reinforced  during training that bedrail  use  requires  individual  assessment,  reflecting 

Bwrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Caerdydd a’r Fro yw enw gweithredol Bwyrdd Iechyd Lleol Prifysgol Caerdydd a’r Fro  
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board is the operational name of Cardiff and Vale University Local Health Board 

Croesawir y Bwrdd ohebiaeth yn Gymraeg neu Saesneg. Sicrhawn byddwn yn cyfathrebu â chi yn eich dewis iaith. Ni fydd gohebu yn Gymraeg yn creu unrhyw oedi 

The Board welcomes correspondence in Welsh or English. We will ensure that we will communicate in your chosen language. Correspondence in Welsh will not lead to a delay 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the  patient's  function  and  considering  the  Mental  Capacity  Act  where  the  rails  may 
prevent a patient from mobilising from bed without assistance. 

A  multidisciplinary  task  and  finish  group  is  being  established  to  undertake 
improvement work regarding bedrails, including auditing their use to inform an updated 
bedrails procedure. The Health Board will also be represented at the WNCR All-Wales 
bedrails  risk  assessment  task  and  finish  group,  which  is  tasked  with  digitising  the 
current paper-based assessment document. This will improve the data available on 
the use of the assessment and make it easier for nursing staff as it will be alongside 
other assessments within WNCR. 

Enhanced Supervision 

Enhanced supervision is used to support people during temporary periods of distress 
when there is a risk of harm to themselves and/or others. The care provided must be 
person-centred and in line with the least restrictive principles of the Mental Capacity 
Act. 

Significant work is underway both locally and nationally regarding the use of enhanced 
supervision. 

Since  autumn  2023,  pilots  of  education  programmes  have  been  delivered  to  over 
ninety staff across the Health Board, and educational resources have been developed 
and are currently being delivered as part of the newly registered nurse preceptorship 
programme. 

Alongside this, a task and finish group is updating the existing enhanced supervision 
framework and developing a new policy to provide more robust governance around its 
use.  From  May  2025,  a  steering  group  has  been  convened,  chaired  by  the  Deputy 
Executive Nurse Director, to take forward this work. 

I hope this letter provides reassurance regarding the significant work that has taken 
place within our organisation since Mr Colley’s sad death.  

If there is any further information that would be helpful regarding our improvements to 
falls  prevention  and  management,  the  use  of  bedrails,  the  use  of  enhanced 
supervision, or any other aspect of care provided at St David's Hospital, please do not 
hesitate to make further contact. 

Yours sincerely  

Chief Executive 

Bwrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Caerdydd a’r Fro yw enw gweithredol Bwyrdd Iechyd Lleol Prifysgol Caerdydd a’r Fro  
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board is the operational name of Cardiff and Vale University Local Health Board 

Croesawir y Bwrdd ohebiaeth yn Gymraeg neu Saesneg. Sicrhawn byddwn yn cyfathrebu â chi yn eich dewis iaith. Ni fydd gohebu yn Gymraeg yn creu unrhyw oedi 

The Board welcomes correspondence in Welsh or English. We will ensure that we will communicate in your chosen language. Correspondence in Welsh will not lead to a delay

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