Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Ellen MacFarlane

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0350, written 4 Nov 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Nov 2022
Reference2022-0350
DeceasedEllen MacFarlane
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryCare Home Health related deaths · Emergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Organisation namedNorth West Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  Secretary of State for Health and 
Social Care 

1  CORONER 

I am Alison Mutch, Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Greater 
Manchester South 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 18th  March 2022 I commenced an investigation into the death of Ellen 
Lillian MacFarlane. The investigation concluded on the 7th  September 
2022 and the conclusion was one of Narrative: Died from 
complications of a neck of femur fracture from an accidental fall 
where surgery took place outside the recommended timescales. 
The medical cause of death was 1a) Bronchopneumonia; 1b) Neck of 
Femur Fracture (operated on); 1c) Fall; and 2) Dementia 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Ellen Lillian MacFarlane had an accidental fall at her care home. She had 
to wait for over 5 hours for an ambulance due to demands on the 
ambulance service. At Tameside General Hospital, it was identified that 
she had a fractured neck of femur. On 3rd  February 2022 she was 
operated on. Post-operatively she was initially stable but with significantly 
reduced dietary intake. On 21st  February she began to deteriorate and 
was given antibiotics for a suspected infection. She continued to 
deteriorate and died at Tameside General Hospital on 12th  March 2022. 

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 5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise 
to concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to 
report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  – 

1.  The inquest heard evidence that notwithstanding her age and 

frailty Ellen MacFarlane had to wait over 5 hours for an 
ambulance. This was due to the demands on the North West 
Ambulance Service on the day in question. The inquest heard that 
such delays were not unusual and were still occurring. The reason 
for the delay was a shortage of ambulance crews/vehicles due to a 
combination of high demand, staffing shortages and delays at ED; 

2.  Evidence before the inquest indicated that over a weekend Ellen 
MacFarlane required cardiac tests that could not be provided 
easily in a District General Hospital setting due to availability of 
services/staff at DGHs out of hours. As a consequence where an 
operation for a fractured neck of femur has been put on hold 
pending further tests there is an inbuilt additional delay over a 
weekend before a decision can be taken as to the optimum point 
at which to operate. This situation at DGHs appears to create a 
situation which is inconsistent with the drive to operate at the 
earliest possible point when a patient has been optimised to 
secure the best outcome as set out in the NICE Guidance. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe you have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 30th  December 2022. I, the coroner, may extend 
the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain 
why no action is proposed. 

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 8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons namely Mrs MacFarlane’s Family and Polebank Hall 
Care Home, who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 
response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

Alison Mutch OBE 
HM Senior Coroner 

04.11.2022 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
From Minister Whately 
Minister of State for Care 
39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

Alison Mutch 
Senior Coroner for the Coroner Area of  
Greater Manchester South 
Coroner's Court 
1 Mount Tabor Street 
Stockport 
SK1 3AG 

uk 

17 May 2024 

Dear Ms Mutch,  

Thank you for your letter of 4 November 2022 to the Secretary of State for Health and Social 
Care about the death of Ms Ellen MacFarlane. I am replying as Minister with responsibility for 
urgent  and  emergency  services.  Please  accept  my  sincere  apologies  for  the  delay  in 
responding  to  this  matter.  I  would  like  to  assure  you  that  the  Department  is  mindful  of  the 
statutory  responsibilities  in  relation  to  prevention  of  future  deaths  reports  and  we  are 
prioritising responses as a matter of urgency. 

Firstly,  I  would  like  to  say  how  saddened  I  was  to  read  of  the  circumstances  of  Ms 
MacFarlane’s death and I offer my sincere condolences to her family.  I am grateful for you 
bringing these matters to my attention. 

Your  report  raises  concerns  about  ambulance  response  times  by  North  West  Ambulance 
Service  NHS  Trust  (NWAS)  and  access  to  hospital  services.  In  preparing  this  response, 
Departmental  officials  have  made  enquiries  with  NHS  England.  I  have  been  reassured  by 
NWAS that ambulance performance is reviewed regularly via the Strategic Partnership and 
Transformation Board, a joint committee between NWAS and the Integrated Care Boards in 
the region and I am pleased to note performance by NWAS has improved since this sad case.  

My officials have consulted NHS England (NHSE) and the Care Quality Commission (CQC) 
regarding your concern over the availability of cardiac tests over the weekend. We are advised 
that,  had  there  been  an  emergency  need  for  scans  outside  of  hours,  that  Ms  MacFarlane 
would have been transferred to a tertiary centre. More broadly the Trust has governance in 
place  to  reduce  delays  outside  the  36-hour  timeframe  to  support  compliance  with  NICE 
guidance for patients with a fractured neck of femur requiring surgery. This includes urgent 
review of theatre capacity by the divisional management team to schedule surgeries as soon 
as possible, and root cause analysis of misses to identify reasons for delays and opportunities 
for learning. 

As the Minister responsible for urgent and emergency care services, I recognise the significant 
pressure  the  urgent  and  emergency  care  system  is  facing.  That  is  why  we  published  our 
‘Delivery  plan  for  recovering  urgent  and  emergency  care  services’  which  aims  to  deliver 
sustained  improvements  in  waiting  times.  Our  ambitions  for  this  year  are  to  improve  A&E 
waiting times to 78% of patients to be admitted, transferred, or discharged from A&E within 

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 four hours by March 2025, and to reduce Category 2 ambulance response times to 30 minutes 
on average across this fiscal year.  The plan is available at https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-
content/uploads/2023/01/B2034-delivery-plan-for-recovering-urgent-and-emergency-care-
services.pdf 

Your  report  highlights  that  NWAS  were  under  high  demand  at  the  time  of  the  incident.  A 
primary aim of our delivery plan is to boost ambulance capacity. Ambulance services received 
£200 million of additional funding in 2023/24 to expand capacity and improve response times, 
and we are maintaining this additional capacity in 2024/25. This is alongside the delivery of 
new ambulances and specialist mental health vehicles. With more ambulances on the road, 
patients will receive the treatment they need more swiftly.     

I recognise that ambulance trusts work within a health and care system and issues such as 
delayed patient handovers to hospitals can impact on capacity and response times. That is 
why a  key  part  of the  delivery  plan  is  about  improving  patient  flow  and bed capacity  within 
hospitals.  We  achieved  our  2023/24  ambition  of  delivering  5,000  more  staffed,  permanent 
hospital beds this year compared to 2022-23 plans, backed by £1 billion of dedicated funding, 
and we will maintain this capacity uplift in 2024/25. Further, we also achieved our target of 
scaling up virtual ward bed capacity to over 10,000 ahead of winter 2023/24, and there are 
now over 11,000 beds available nationally. We have also provided £1.6 billion of funding over 
two years to support the NHS and local authorities to ensure timely and effective discharge 
from hospital. These measures are helping improve patient flow through hospitals, reducing 
delays in patient handovers so ambulances can swiftly get back on the roads.     

Regarding  staffing  capacity,  we  have  made  significant  investments  in  the  ambulance 
workforce – the number of NHS ambulance staff and support staff has increased by over 50% 
since 2010. To help ensure we have the ambulance workforce to meet the future demands on 
the  service,  the  NHS  Long  Term  Workforce  Plan  sets  out  plans  to  boost  the  number  of 
paramedics by up to 15,600 to support future demand.   

At a national level, we have seen significant improvements in performance this year compared 
to last year. In 2023-24, year to date average Category 2 ambulance response times (including 
for  serious  conditions  such  as  heart  attacks  and  strokes)  were  almost  15  minutes  faster 
compared to the same period last year, a reduction of over 27%. NWAS average Category 2 
response times were over 13 minutes faster compared to the same time period last year, a 
32% reduction.  Information on ambulance handover times has been published since October 
2023. In March 2024, average patient handover times in the NWAS region were 32 minutes 
51 seconds.  

However, I recognise there is still more to do to reduce waiting/response times further, and 
the Government will continue to work with NHS England to achieve this. 

Thank you once again for bringing these important issues to my attention.  

Yours,  

HELEN WHATELY

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