Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Patricia Green

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0044, written 4 Feb 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Feb 2023
Reference2023-0044
DeceasedPatricia Green
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards) · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  The Secretary of State for Health and 
Social Care 

1  CORONER 

I am Alison Mutch, Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Greater Manchester 
South 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice 
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 4th  July 2022 I commenced an investigation into the death of Patricia Grace 
Eileen Green. The investigation concluded on the 11th  January 2023 and the 
conclusion was one of Narrative: Died from Covid 19 pneumonia contributed 
to by a fall with a prolonged long lie following the fall.  The medical cause of 
death was 1a) COVID-19 Pneumonia on a background of a fall with a long 
lie; II) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Ischaemic Heart Disease, 
Frailty, Acute Renal Failure. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Patricia Grace Eileen Green had an accidental fall at her home address. She fell 
in such a way that she was left in a prone position on the floor. An ambulance 
was called. There was a 9 hour wait for the ambulance due to the demands on 
the ambulance service. She remained prone on the floor during the wait. She 
deteriorated particularly in relation to her breathing whilst waiting for an 
ambulance .She was unable to access toilet facilities whilst waiting for an 
ambulance On arrival at Tameside General Hospital, she was seen by a doctor 
after a 3 hour wait. She was found to have Covid 19 pneumonia. She continued 
to deteriorate and died at Tameside General Hospital on 30th June 2022. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action 
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

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 The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  – 

1.  Mrs Green had a long wait for an ambulance, despite her age and the 

recognised risks of being on the floor for a prolonged period of time, due 
to a shortage of ambulances. Mrs Green deteriorated whilst waiting to be 
taken to hospital. The Inquest heard that the shortage of ambulances 
was due to a number of factors including high demand and a shortage of 
crews due to long delays at Emergency Departments (ED) across the 
Greater Manchester to offload patients; 

2.  The evidence before the Inquest was that the delay on the day Mrs 

Green was waiting for an ambulance was not unusual and still remained 
the case on the day of the Inquest; 

3.  The Inquest heard that Mrs Green’s wait of 3 hours in ED was not 

unusual and was due to the volume of patients waiting to be seen and 
the overall demand on ED. The consequence was that elderly frail 
patients were receiving treatment that was delayed and in circumstances 
that were challenging for frail patients. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by 1st  April 2023. I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is 
proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons namely Mrs Green’s son on behalf of the Family and the 
North West Ambulance Service, who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he 
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, 
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

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 9  Alison Mutch OBE 
HM Senior Coroner 

04.02.2023 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
From Minister Helen Whately MP 
Minister of State for Care 

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

Alison Mutch 
Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Greater Manchester South 
Coroner’s Court,  
1 Mount Tabor Street,  
Stockport  
SK1 3AG 

17 May 2024 

Dear Ms Mutch, 

Thank you for your letter of 4 February 2023 to the Secretary of State for Health and Social 
care,  about  the  death  of  Patricia  Grace  Eileen  Green.    I  am  replying  as  Minister  with 
responsibility  for  urgent  and  emergency  care.  Please  accept  my  sincere  apologies  for  the 
significant delay in responding to this matter. I would like to assure you that the Department is 
mindful of the statutory responsibilities in relation to prevention of future deaths reports and 
we are prioritising responses as a matter of urgency. 

Firstly, I would like to say how saddened I was to read of the circumstances of Mrs Green’s 
death and I offer my sincere condolences to her family and loved ones. I am grateful to you 
for bringing these matters to my attention.  

Your  report  raises  concerns  over  the  high  demand  and  shortage  of  ambulances  across 
Greater Manchester due to long delays at emergency departments. 

In  preparing  this  response,  Departmental  officials  have  made  enquiries  with  NHS  England 
(NHSE). NHSE recognise the significant pressure on ambulance services since the Covid-19 
pandemic as well as issues associated with handing over ambulance patients in a timely way 
at some NHS Trusts. Further, my officials advise me that Greater Manchester Integrated Care 
Board wrote to you in August to provide information on the improvements being made locally 
supporting improved ambulance response times and reductions in handover delays. 

As the Minister responsible for urgent and emergency care services, I recognise the significant 
pressure  the  urgent  and  emergency  care  system  is  facing.  That  is  why  we  published  our 
‘Delivery  plan  for  recovering  urgent  and  emergency  care  services’  which  aims  to  deliver 
sustained  improvements  in  waiting  times.  Our  ambitions  for  this  year  are  to  improve  A&E 
waiting times to 78% of patients to be admitted, transferred, or discharged from A&E within 
four hours by March 2025, and to reduce Category 2 ambulance response times to 30 minutes 
on average across this fiscal year.  The plan is available at https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 content/uploads/2023/01/B2034-delivery-plan-for-recovering-urgent-and-emergency-care-
services.pdf  

Your  report  highlights  that  NWAS  were  under  high  demand  at  the  time  of  the  incident.  A 
primary aim of our delivery plan is to boost ambulance capacity. Ambulance services received 
£200 million of additional funding in 2023/24 to expand capacity and improve response times, 
and we are maintaining this additional capacity in 2024/25. This is alongside the delivery of 
new ambulances and specialist mental health vehicles. With more ambulances on the road, 
patients will receive the treatment they need more swiftly.     

I recognise that ambulance trusts work within a health and care system and issues such as 
delayed patient handovers to hospitals can impact on capacity and response  times. That is 
why a  key  part  of the  delivery  plan  is  about  improving  patient  flow  and bed capacity  within 
hospitals.  We  achieved  our  2023/24  ambition  of  delivering  5,000  more  staffed,  permanent 
hospital beds compared to 2022-23 plans, backed by £1 billion of dedicated funding, and we 
will maintain this capacity uplift in 2024/25. Further, we also achieved our target of scaling up 
virtual  ward  bed  capacity  to  over  10,000 ahead of  winter  2023/24,  and  there are  now  over 
11,000 beds available nationally. We have also provided £1.6 billion of funding over two years 
to support the NHS and local authorities to ensure timely and effective discharge from hospital. 
These measures are helping improve patient flow through hospitals, reducing delays in patient 
handovers so ambulances can swiftly get back on the roads.   

At a national level, we have seen significant improvements in performance this year compared 
to last year. In 2023-24, average Category 2 ambulance response times (including for serious 
conditions such as heart attacks and strokes) were over 13 minutes faster compared to the 
previous year, a reduction of 27%. NWAS average Category 2 response times were over 13 
minutes faster in 2023-24 compared to the previous year, a 32% reduction.  

However,  I  recognise  there  is  still  more  to  do  to  reduce  response  times  further,  and  the 
Government will continue to work with NHS England to achieve this. 

I hope this response is helpful. Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention.  

Yours,  

HELEN WHATELY

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