Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Keith Nielsen

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0211, written 26 Jun 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report26 Jun 2023
Reference2023-0211
DeceasedKeith Nielsen
CoronerAnna Crawford
Coroner areaSurrey
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

IN THE SURREY CORONER’S COURT 
IN THE MATTER OF: 

__________________________________________________________ 

The Inquest Touching the Death of Keith Nielsen 
A Regulation 28 Report – Action to Prevent Future Deaths 
__________________________________________________________ 

1  THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Chief Executive Officer 
South East Coast Ambulance Service (SECAMBS) 
4 Gatwick Road 
Crawley  
Sussex  
RH10 9BG  

Rt. Hon. Steve Barclay  
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care  
39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H OEU 

2  CORONER 

Miss Anna Crawford, H.M. Assistant Coroner for Surrey 

3  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7(1) of Schedule 5 to The Coroners 
and Justice Act 2009. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 

INQUEST 

An investigation into Mr Nielsen’s death was commenced on 30 March 
2022 and an inquest was opened on 5 April 2022.  The inquest resumed on 
4 April 2023 and concluded on 13 April 2023.    

The medical cause of Mr Nielsen’s death was: 

1a. Traumatic Brain Injury Causing Bi-Frontal Haemorrhagic Contusions 
2. Anti-Coagulant Medication (Warfarin) due to previous Aortic Valve 
Replacement 

The inquest concluded with a narrative conclusion as follows: 

‘Mr Nielsen was a 73 year old man who was prescribed the anti-coagulant 
medication Warfarin.  On 20 March 2022 he sustained a head injury due to 
an unwitnessed fall at his home address.   
On the morning of 22 March 2022 Mr Nielsen was admitted to East Surrey 
Hospital and on 23 March 2022 he died at the hospital due to a head 
injury contributed to by his anti-coagulant medication which exacerbated 
the bleeding. 
At 05:33 on 21 March 2022 Mr Nielsen had made a 999 call reporting that 
he had fallen over and hit his head.  South East Coast Ambulance Service 
(SECAMBS) did not send an ambulance due to a lack of available 
resources and Mr Nielsen was advised to make his own way to hospital.  
The 999 call was then closed with a ‘no send’ disposition.  However, Mr 
Nielsen did not make his way to hospital. 
Mr Nielsen's 999 call was not suitable for a 'no send' disposition because 
he was on his own with a suspected head injury and had reported a loss 
of consciousness for a significant period of time in the context of being on 
warfarin. Further, he had given no clear indication that he was going to 
make his own way to hospital. 
In the event that an ambulance had attended to take Mr Nielsen to 
hospital on 21 March 2022 he would have survived.’ 

 
 
 
 
 
 5  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On the morning of 21 March 2022 Mr Nielsen found himself on the floor 
at his home address and was unable to remember the previous twelve 
hours. 

At 05:33 Mr Nielsen called 999 and at some point that morning he also 
made an online request for a routine GP appointment.   

During the 999 call Mr Nielsen reported that he had fallen over and hit his 
head and could not remember the last twelve hours.  He also reported 
that he took Warfarin.  The call handler triaged the call following the NHS 
pathway which resulted in a Category 3 ambulance response with a target 
response time of two hours.  However, Mr Nielsen was advised to make 
his own way to hospital and the call was closed as a no send disposition.  

At 16:18 a GP at Medwyn GP surgery contacted Mr Nielsen by phone in 
response to his earlier online request for a routine appointment.  The GP 
was not made aware of the fall or the head injury but given that Mr 
Nielsen was confused during the call and was on Warfarin he asked his 
receptionist to call an ambulance.  At 17:37 a receptionist called and 
requested an ambulance within two hours.   

However, an ambulance did not attend until 07:22 the following morning 
at which time Mr Nielsen was found to be unresponsive.  He was taken to 
East Surrey Hospital, where he was diagnosed with a traumatic brain 
injury and he died at the hospital on 23 March 2022.   

On 21 March 2022 SECAMBS was operating at Level 4 of its Surge 
Management Plan, meaning that demand for the service was significantly 
outstripping available resources and the service was not capable of 
responding to calls within target timeframes.  

The court heard evidence that SECMABS operates a no send policy 
during Level 4 of its Surge Management Plan whereby Category 3 
patients are asked to make their own way to hospital.   However, if they 
are unable to make their own way to hospital - or they refuse to do so - 
the call is subject to a clinical review and a decision is taken as to whether 
an ambulance should be sent out to the patient.    

During his 999 call, Mr Nielsen reported that he was alone, had hit his 
head and could not remember the last twelve hours.  He did not agree to 
make his own way to hospital.   

 
 Accordingly, the court found that a clinical review should have taken 
place which would have resulted in a category 3 ambulance being 
assigned to Mr Nielsen.  

In the event that a category 3 ambulance had been so assigned Mr Nielsen 
would have survived.   

Additionally, the court found that there was a significant delay in 
dispatching an ambulance following the GP surgery’s call to request an 
ambulance for Mr Nielsen, which was due to SECAMBS being in Level 4 
of its Surge Management Plan.  Whilst the length of that delay is clearly a 
matter of concern, it did not materially contribute to Mr Nielsen’s death.    

The court heard evidence from 
Manager at SECAMBS, that the organisation is regularly operating at 
Level 4 of the Surge Management Plan.  He gave evidence that the reasons 
were multi-factorial and, in particular, he highlighted insufficient staff 
being available to cover the required operational hours and lengthy 
delays in hospital handovers leading to a loss of operational hours.  

, Operating Unit 

.  

 
   
 
 
  
 6  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

The MATTER OF CONCERN is: 

There is a risk of a future reoccurrence of the situation which arose on 21 
March 2022 given that SECAMBS is regularly operating at Stage 4 of its 
Surge Management Plan, meaning that demand for the service is 
significantly outstripping available resources and the service is not 
capable of responding to calls within target timeframes.  

7  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe that the people listed in paragraph one above have the power to 
take such action.  

8  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of its date; I 
may extend that period on request. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for such action. Otherwise you must 
explain why no action is proposed. 

 
 
 
 
 
 9  COPIES 

I have sent a copy of this report to the following: 

1.  Chief Coroner  
2. 
3. 

10  Signed: 

ANNA CRAWFORD  

Anna Crawford 
H.M Assistant Coroner for Surrey 
Dated this 26th day of June 2023

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
From Helen Whately MP  
Minister of State for Care  

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

 26 April 2024 

Anna Crawford 
Coroners' Court 
Station Approach 
Woking 
Surrey 
GU22 7AP 

Dear Ms Crawford, 

Thank you for your letter of 26 June 2023 to the Secretary of State for Health and Social 
Care about the death of Keith Nielsen. I am replying as Minister with responsibility for urgent 
and emergency services. Please accept my sincere apologies for the significant delay in 
responding to this matter. I would like to assure you that the department is mindful of the 
statutory responsibilities in relation to prevention of future deaths reports and we are 
prioritising responses as a matter of urgency. 

Firstly, I would like to say how saddened I was to read of the circumstances of Mr Nielsen’s 
death and I offer my sincere condolences to his family and loved ones.  I am grateful for you 
bringing these matters to my attention.   

Your report raises concerns about ambulance response times by South East Coast 
Ambulance Trust (SECAmb). I note the trust have provided you with a comprehensive 
response on the action they are taking locally.  

As the Minister responsible for urgent and emergency care services, I recognise the significant 
pressure  the  urgent  and  emergency  care  system  is  facing.  That  is  why  we  published  our 
‘Delivery  plan  for  recovering  urgent  and  emergency  care  services’  which  aims  to  deliver 
sustained  improvements  in  waiting  times.  Our  ambitions  for  this  year  are  to  improve  A&E 
waiting times to 78% of patients to be admitted, transferred, or discharged from A&E within 
four hours by March 2025, and to reduce Category 2 ambulance response times to 30 minutes 
across 
is  available  at  https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-
content/uploads/2023/01/B2034-delivery-plan-for-recovering-urgent-and-emergency-care-
services.pdf 

fiscal  year.  The  plan 

this 

The report highlights that SECAmb was under high demand at the time of the incident. A 
primary aim of our recovery plan is to boost ambulance capacity. Ambulance services 
received £200 million of additional funding in 2023/24 to expand capacity and improve 
response times, and we are maintaining this additional capacity in 2024/25. This is alongside 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the delivery of new ambulances and specialist mental health vehicles. With more 
ambulances on the road, patients will receive the treatment they need more swiftly. 

I recognise that ambulance trusts work within a health and care system and issues such as 
delayed patient handovers to hospitals can impact on capacity and response times. That is 
why a key part of the delivery plan is about improving patient flow and bed capacity within 
hospitals. We achieved our 2023/24 ambition of delivering 5,000 more staffed, permanent 
hospital beds this year compared to 2022-23 plans, backed by £1 billion of dedicated 
funding, and we will maintain this capacity uplift in 2024/25. Further, we also achieved our 
target of scaling up virtual ward bed capacity to over 10,000 ahead of winter 2023/24, and 
there are now over 11,000 beds available nationally. We have also provided £1.6 billion of 
funding over two years to support the NHS and local authorities to ensure timely and 
effective discharge from hospital. These measures are helping improve patient flow through 
hospitals, reducing delays in patient handovers so ambulances can swiftly get back on the 
roads.     

Regarding staffing capacity, we have made significant investments in the ambulance workforce 
–  the  number  of  NHS  ambulance  staff  and  support  staff  has  increased  by  over  50%  since 
2010. To help ensure we have the ambulance workforce to meet the future demands on the 
service, the NHS Long Term Workforce Plan sets out plans to boost the number of paramedics 
by up to 15,600 to deliver services in ambulance and other care settings.  

At a national level, we have seen significant improvements in performance this year compared 
to last year. In 2023-24, average Category 2 ambulance response times (including for serious 
conditions such as heart attacks and strokes) were over 13 minutes faster compared to the 
same period last year, a reduction of over 27%. In 2023-24, SECAmb performance has also 
improved and on average the trust’s Category 2 response times have been over 8 minutes 
faster  than  the  national  performance.  Information  on  ambulance  handover  times  has  been 
published since October 2023. In March 2024, average patient handover times in the SECAmb 
region were 18 minutes 41 seconds and is the fourth month in a row that handover time has 
improved. I also understand the time the trust has spent in surge level 4 has reduced across 
2023. However, I recognise there is still more to do to reduce response times further and back 
towards pre-pandemic levels – improving NHS services and reducing waiting times is a key 
priority of this Government. 

Thank you once again for bringing these important issues to my attention.   

Yours,  

HELEN WHATELY
Response from South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust 1 (PDF)
To: Ms A Crawford 
HM Assistant Coroner for Surrey 

Thursday, 10 August 2023

By email only 

14 August 2023 

Dear Madam 

Inquests touching the deaths of Mr Keith Nielsen and Mr Ginger Wright  

Thank you for providing SECAmb with an opportunity to submit the response to the 
prevention  of  future  death  reports,  following  the  conclusion  of  the  inquests  for  Mr 
Nielsen and Mr Wright.   

I  was  saddened  to  hear  of  these  incidents,  and  I  would  like  to  offer  my  sincere 
condolences to the family and friends of Mr Nielsen and Mr Wright. 

I  note  your  concern  is  that  “SECAmb  is  regularly  operating  at  Stage  4  of  its  Surge 
Management Plan, meaning that demand for the service is significantly outstripping 
available resources and the service is not capable of responding to calls within target 
timeframes”.  

South  East  Coast  Ambulance  Service  NHS  Foundation  Trust  (SECAmb)  was 
commissioned in 2017-18 to provide the 999-emergency service across the three full 
counties  of  Kent,  Surrey  and  Sussex,  and  only  part  of  Hampshire  (North-East 
Hampshire).  The scope, size and structure of the service was commissioned based 
on a comprehensive demand and capacity review undertaken in collaboration with an 
external  organisation  based  on  data  from  previous  years  of  delivery  and  planning 
assumptions.  

Prior  to  the  Covid-19  Pandemic  SECAmb  was  performing  more  favourably  against 
Ambulance Response Programme (ARP) targets, however not consistently meeting 
all  targets.    Since  early  2019  to  the  present  day,  there  have  been  several  notable 
changes in both the way that the public uses the service as well as how the service is 
operated as part of the wider healthcare environment. Both factors are included in the 
current development of a new Trust strategy which will be accompanied with a new 
care delivery model agreed by key stakeholders. 

The data shows that there has been a change in demand, and in the profile of patient  
types, with a significant increase in the proportion of higher acuity/more complex calls,  
requiring additional resource and clinical expertise.  Factors contributing to this  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 challenge include population growth in the southeast, demographic shifts and an aging 
population.  In  addition,  the  pattern  of  demand  is  now  less  aligned  to  the  model 
commissioned  following  the  review  in  2017-18  –  whilst  rota  patterns  have  been 
adjusted to improve this alignment, additional staffing numbers are required to meet 
the change in demand.   

It is recognised that to support the improvement needed not only in the ambulance 
service, but also across other health and care providers, system solutions are required 
so that patient care and flow can be provided in not only the best way possible for the 
patient, but to also maximise efficiencies across Integrated Care Systems (ICSs).  With 
ICSs becoming legally established in July 2022, this has changed the way Health and 
Social  Care  providers  work  collaboratively  and  plan  delivery  of  services  to  their 
populations, with an increasing focus on public health, improving performance against 
national and local requirements, and recognising the need for integrated strategies for 
key  areas  such  as  workforce  (linked  to  the  recently  published  NHS  Long  Term 
Workforce Plan). 

Specifically related to the 2023-24 financial year, SECAmb will continue to work with 
partners on local and national programmes of work to meet the functional demand and 
clinical  level of  support  that  the  public  expects.    Focus  has  been  specified  by  NHS 
England on three functional areas that are: 

•  Call handling – to achieve the ARP performance targets. 
•  ARP  Category  2  (C2)  mean  response  time–  in  recognition  of  the  national 
performance position, all ambulance trusts to deliver a C2 mean performance of a 
maximum of 30mins by the end of the financial year, 

•  Hospital  handover  times  –  to  deliver  significant  improvement  to  remove  60min+ 
handovers  and  reduce  overall  handover  time  and  lost  hours  at  hospital  due  to 
extended handover times. 

Whilst  SECAmb  will  continue  to  focus  attention  to  optimise  performance  within  the 
current  commissioned  service,  it  is  recognised  that  to  deliver  comprehensive  and 
sustainable  improvement  a  full  system-wide  review  in  conjunction  with  external 
stakeholders  is  required,  which  in  turn  will  lead  to  a  model  of  care  delivery  that 
addresses  the  current  and  future  requirements  of  the  public  across  Kent,  Surrey, 
Sussex, and North-East Hampshire. 

If I can be of any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me. 

Yours sincerely 

Executive Director of Quality and Nursing (interim)  
on behalf of Simon Weldon Chief Executive Officer 
South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust

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