Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Christopher Hart

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0453, written 9 Nov 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report9 Nov 2023
Reference2023-0453
DeceasedChristopher Hart
CoronerNigel Parsley
Coroner areaSuffolk
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Organisation namedEast of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

The Right Honourable Steve Barclay MP 
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care 
House of Commons 
London 
SW1A 0AA 

1  CORONER 

I am Nigel Parsley, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of Suffolk. 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 11 November 2022 I commenced an investigation into the death of Christopher Ivan 
HART aged 50.  The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 27 October 2023. 
The conclusion of the inquest was that: 

Narrative Conclusion 

The medical cause of death was confirmed as: 

1a  Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis 
1b 
1c 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On the 25th October 2022 Christopher Hart was declared deceased at his home address of 
30 Old Barrack Lane, Woodbridge in Suffolk. 

Christopher had become unwell at approximately 01:00 on 25th October 2022, and an 
ambulance was requested via a 999 call. 

Due to high service demand, and ambulances waiting to off-load their patients at the local 
hospitals, no ambulance was immediately available. The 999 call had been coded at 
Category 2 , with an average expected response time of 40 minutes,  and a target 
attendance time of 18 minutes. 

At approximately 09:30 a family member visited Christopher’s home, finding him 
unresponsive and not breathing on the lounge floor. East of England Ambulance Service 
attended, but Christopher could not be resuscitated. His death was recognised at 09:35 on 
the 25th October 2023. 

A subsequent post-mortem examination identified that cardiac condition was responsible for 
Christopher’s death. 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 The delay in an ambulance attending meant that potentially life saving treatment could not 
be given, so that delay directly contributed to Christopher’s death. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

Evidence heard from a Patient Safety Officer from the East of England Ambulance Service 
identified that, despite previous measures put in place, there are continuing and regular 
instances of non-availability of ambulances occurring in Suffolk and the wider East of 
England region. 

These periods of non-availability (in this case of over 8 ½ hours) fall far short of the target 
attendance times set by the East of England Ambulance Trust itself. 

Expert evidence from a Consultant Interventional Cardiologist, whose unit treats up to 
three thousand patients with serious cardiac issues such as Christopher’s each year, 
identified that had an ambulance for Christopher arrived within the target time, the drugs 
he could have been given by ambulance personnel, and his early transport to hospital, 
would on a balance of probabilities have saved his life. 

I am therefore concerned that the continuing lack of sufficient ambulance resource in 
Suffolk will lead to future loss of life. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or 
your organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by January 04, 2024.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action.  Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 

I have also sent it to 

East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust 

who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 
 
 He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, 
about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Dated: 09/11/2023 

Nigel PARSLEY 
HM Senior Coroner for 
Suffolk 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care 1 (PDF)
From Minister Whately 
Minister of State for Social Care 
39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

17 May 2024 

Our Ref: 

Nigel Parsley  
Senior Coroner  
The Coroner’s Court and Offices  
Beacon House  
Whitehouse Road  
Ipswich IP1 5PB  

By Email: 

Dear Mr Parsley,    

Thank you for your letter of 9 November 2023 to the Secretary of State for Health and Social 
Care regarding the death of Christopher Hart on 25 October 2022. I am replying as Minister 
with  responsibility  for  urgent  and  emergency  care  services.  Please  accept  my  sincere 
apologies  for  the  delay  in  responding  to  this  matter.  I  would  like  to  assure  you  that  the 
Department is mindful of the statutory responsibilities in relation to prevention of future deaths 
reports and we are prioritising responses as a matter of urgency.  

Firstly, I would like to say how deeply sorry I was to read the circumstances of Mr Hart’s death 
and I offer my sincere condolences to his family. It is vital that we learn from incidents, where 
they are identified, to improve NHS care.  I am grateful to you for bringing these matters to my 
attention.  

Your report raised concerns about the pressures faced by East of England Ambulance Service 
NHS Trust (EEAST) and ambulance response times in Suffolk. 

In  preparing  this  response,  Departmental  officials  have  made  enquiries  with  NHS  England 
(NHSE). NHSE advise officials that EEAST is implementing an Operational Performance and 
Improvement Plan locally to improve efficiency and maximise ambulance availability.  EEAST 
isundertaking  additional recruitment  to increase the  number  of  frontline  clinicians,  and  also 
increase  the  clinical  triage  of  calls  to  ensure  that  patients  can  be  transferred  to  alternative 
services where appropriate, helping reduce demand on the ambulance service. This has been 
supported by the establishment of an Unscheduled Care Coordination Hub locally. 

As the Minister responsible for urgent and emergency care services, I recognise the significant 
pressure  the  urgent  and  emergency  care  system  is  facing.  That  is  why  we  published  our 
‘Delivery  plan  for  recovering  urgent  and  emergency  care  services’  which  aims  to  deliver 
sustained  improvements  in  waiting  times.  Our  ambitions  for  this  year  are  to  improve  A&E 
waiting times to 78% of patients to be admitted, transferred, or discharged from A&E within 
four hours by March 2025, and to reduce Category 2 ambulance response times to 30 minutes 
on  average  across  this  year.  The  plan  is  available  at  https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 content/uploads/2023/01/B2034-delivery-plan-for-recovering-urgent-and-emergency-care-
services.pdf  

Your  report  highlights  that  EEAST  were  under  high  demand  at  the  time  of  the  incident.  A 
primary aim of our delivery plan is to boost ambulance capacity. Ambulance services received 
£200 million of additional funding in 2023/24 to expand capacity and improve response times, 
and we are maintaining this additional capacity in 2024/25. This is alongside the delivery of 
new ambulances and specialist mental health vehicles. With more ambulances on the road, 
patients will receive the treatment they need more swiftly.    

I recognise that ambulance trusts work within a health and care system and issues such as 
delayed patient handovers to hospitals can impact on capacity and response times. That is 
why a  key  part  of the  delivery  plan  is  about  improving  patient  flow  and bed capacity  within 
hospitals.  We  achieved  our  2023/24  ambition  of  delivering  5,000  more  staffed,  permanent 
hospital beds compared to 2022-23 plans, backed by £1 billion of dedicated funding, and we 
will maintain this capacity uplift in 2024/25. Further, we also achieved our target of scaling up 
virtual  ward  bed capacity  to over  10,000 ahead of  winter  2023/24,  and  there are  now  over 
11,000 beds available nationally. We have also provided £1.6 billion of funding over two years 
to support the NHS and local authorities to ensure timely and effective discharge from hospital. 
These measures are helping improve patient flow through hospitals, reducing delays in patient 
handovers so ambulances can swiftly get back on the roads.    

We have also implemented a new tiering performance and improvement approach to support 
challenged  ambulance trusts  and  wider  systems.  There  is  support  in  place  at  national  and 
regional  level  to  support  Tiers  1  and  2 with  EEAST in Tier  2  with a  universal  improvement 
support offer being made available for all systems. 

Regarding  staffing  capacity,  we  have  made  significant  investments  in  the  ambulance 
workforce – the number of NHS ambulance staff and support staff has increased by over 50% 
since 2010. To help ensure we have the ambulance workforce to meet the future demands on 
the  service,  the  NHS  Long  Term  Workforce  Plan  sets  out  plans  to  boost  the  number  of 
paramedics by up to 15,600 to deliver services in ambulance and other care settings. 

Since publication of the plan, we have already seen significant improvements in performance 
this year at a national level.  At a national level in 2023/24, average Category 2 ambulance 
response times (including for serious conditions such as heart attacks and strokes) were over 
13  minutes  faster  compared  to  the  previous  year,  a  reduction  of  over  27%.  In  the  East  of 
England, average Category 2 response times were over 23 minutes faster over the same time 
period,  a  34%  reduction.  In  March  2024,  average  patient  handover  times  in  the  East  of 
England were 32 minutes 51 seconds, nearly 12 minutes faster than in October 2023 (since 
this information has been published).  

However,  I  recognise  there  is  still  more  to  do  to  reduce  response  times  further,  and  the 
Government will continue to work with NHS England to achieve this. 

Thank you once again for bringing these concerns to my attention.  

Yours,  

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 HELEN WHATELY

Related reports

Other reports by Nigel Parsley

See all →

More reports categorised “Emergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)”

See all →

Track East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust

See every Prevention of Future Deaths report matching East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, and how often a new one appears.

What would an alert for this have sent me? Search the full text

Free to try — the preview shows the real matches and how many arrived in the last 12 months. Your first email alert is free.

These reports are published by the Chief Coroner's office at judiciary.uk and are © Crown copyright. The text here is reproduced from the published PDF so it can be searched. If something on this page is wrong, or you are a person named in it and want it reviewed, email drcjar@gmail.com and we will act promptly.