Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Amal Ahmed

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0543, written 21 Dec 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report21 Dec 2023
Reference2023-0543
DeceasedAmal Ahmed
CoronerSean Cummings
Coroner areaMilton Keynes
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published4

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE: This form is to be used before an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 
1 
2 

 Chief Executive National Highways 

 Chief Executive of Milton Keynes City Council 

1  CORONER 

I am Dr Sean Cummings, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Milton Keynes 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3  INVESTIGATION 

On 20 November 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of Amal Mohamed 
AHMED aged 38. The investigation has not yet concluded and the inquest has not 
been heard. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Ms Amal Mohamed Ahmed died on the A5 southbound Little Brickhill at or adjacent to the 
point where the A5 joins the "off" slip road. She appears to have been using a satnav 
directing her to Queensway, Bletchley. She entered the exit to the off slip road and drove 
the wrong way down the slip road, ultimately colliding with a vehicle travelling at speed on 
the A5 head on. Ms Ahmed died at the scene. The driver of the other vehicle died later at the 
John Radcliffe Hospital. A passenger of one of the vehicles required critical care treatment 
and suffered life threatening and changing injuries. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:  
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

The exit point of the A5 "off" slip road at the Little Brickhill junction is wide. The signage 
indicating No Entry appears to be inadequate as there are two No Entry signs which are 
widely spaced at the junction. One is positioned to appear to forbid entry to the road over the 
bridge leading over the A5 and does not obviously relate to the slip road. The second is 
positioned such that it obliquely faces the road over the bridge and would not be visible to a 
driver turning right onto the slip road until they had completed the manoeuvre placing them 
at risk. There is a No Right Turn sign as the junction is approached. There is also No Entry in 
large white letters at the mouth of the slip road junction, however, this may be (1) obscured 
by vehicles leaving the slip road and (2) the junction is unlit and was said by a witness as 
being "pitch black". After the collision attending police officers saw three further vehicles 
perform exactly the same manoeuvre as Ms Ahmed and attempt to travel down the slip road 
in the wrong direction. Local residents have contacted police and complained that it is a very 

Regulation 28 – Before Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2020 

 
  
 
 common occurrence for drivers to mistakenly travel down the slip road in the wrong direction. 
The slip road is long and allows for the build up of considerable speed in turn facilitating what 
the police describe as a high energy impact. Following the collision, large temporary No Entry 
signs were positioned at the slip road junction. They were quickly removed apparently because 
the original signs were deemed to comply with necessary regulations. That seems wholly 
irrelevant to me because drivers are clearly commonly not seeing the signs because of the 
large numbers who mistakenly drive the wrong way onto the slip road. In my opinion, 
consideration should be given to alternative arrangements to prevent vehicles entering and 
travelling along the slip road in the wrong direction. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or your 
organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by February 14, 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons 

 Chief Executive of Milton Keynes City Council  

 Chief Executive National Highways 

I have also sent it to 

The families of the deceased who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Dated: 21st of December 2023 

Dr Sean Cummings  
Assistant Coroner for  
Milton Keynes 

Regulation 28 – Before Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2020
Also filed under 2023-0543: Amal-Ahmed-Prevention-of-Future-Deaths-Report-2023-0543-Update-August-2024.pdf
Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1 Chief Coroner
2 Apple UK LIMITED
3 Google
4 TomTom

1

CORONER

I am Sean CUMMINGS, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Milton Keynes

2

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 20 November 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of Amal Mohamed
AHMED aged 38. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 16 July 2024.
The conclusion of the inquest was that:

Road traffic collision

4

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Ms Amal Mohamed Ahmed died on the A5 southbound Little Brickhill at or adjacent to the
point where the A5 joins the "off" slip road. She appears to have been using a satnav
directing her to Queensway, Bletchley. The exact satnav application is not known due to the
physical damage occasioned to the phone during the collision. She entered the exit to the
off slip road at the Little Brickhill junction and drove the wrong way down the slip road,
ultimately colliding with a vehicle travelling at speed on the A5 head on. Ms Ahmed died at
the scene. The driver of the other vehicle died later at the John Radcliffe Hospital. A
passenger of one of the vehicles required critical care treatment and suffered life
threatening and changing injuries.

5

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern.
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:
(brief summary of matters of concern)

I have made observations regarding the slip road at this junction in my initial pre-Inquest
Report To Prevent Future Deaths dated the 21st December 2023.
National Highways undertook a number of immediate remedial measures to try to prevent
drivers turning and travelling the wrong way down this slip road, including narrowing the
"mouth" of the slip road to one lane, placement of very large temporary "No Entry" signs
and placement of signs indicating "Do Not Use Satnav" at the site. CCTV monitoring of
driver behaviour was commenced. Police activity and monitoring by National Highways

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

 showed that despite these measures, drivers were still turning early and attempting to
drive the wrong way down the slip road. Further enquiries by the police and information
volunteered by members of the public who made the same incorrect manoeuvre led to the
finding that while the visual map display on commonly used satnav applications at this
junction displayed the correct information, the verbal commands gave information likely to
confuse and direct drivers down the wrong slip road into the path of oncoming traffic. This
was observed to happen frequently.

6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or
your organisation) have the power to take such action.

7

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by October 17, 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.
COPIES and PUBLICATION

8

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons

National Highways
Milton Keynes Council
DirectLine Group

I have also sent it to

who may find it useful or of interest.

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it.

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or
of interest.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of
interest.

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9

Dated: 23/08/2024

Sean CUMMINGS
Assistant Coroner for
Milton Keynes

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

 Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

4 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Apple (PDF)
Subject:     Re: Preventing Future Death Reports: AHMED HAYBITTLE 11/2023
Sent:    
From:    
To:    

17/10/2024, 21:13:27

Importance:                                           High

Follow Up Flag:                                      Follow up
Flag Status:                                             Flagged

Dear 

,

CAUTION: This email originated outside of Milton Keynes City Council.
Please be extra vigilant when opening attachments or clicking on links.
Report spam or suspected malicious email via the REPORT MESSAGE icon above.

Thank you for your email providing Regulation 28 Preventing Future Death Reports which was passed to Apple’s privacy and law enforcement requests team for review. 

We immediately investigated the concerns raised and found no data or routing error on Maps which would have contributed to these tragic events. 

However, to ensure we were following the very best approach we are taking an additional measure to add the following special voice guidance for drivers heading past the A5 offramp toward the A5
onramp, which we intend will be live by the start of next week.
- Drivers heading past the A5 offramp toward the A5 onramp would be instructed to "Continue straight at the overpass” (that will happen as they are traveling west toward the offramp).
- While on the overpass, drivers would be instructed to “Turn right onto A5 toward Milton Keynes, Bletchley."

We trust that the steps we are taking will be helpful to try to avoid any future such tragic events.

Yours sincerely

On Sep 24, 2024, at 11:25 AM, 

 wrote:

Good morning 

Please see attached the Regulation 28 Preventing Future Death Reports produced by the Coroner following the Inquests touching the deaths of Ms. Amal AHMED and Mrs. Tracey
HAYBITTLE who died following a Road Traffic Collision on the 16th of November 2023.

If you require anything further, please do get in touch.

Best wishes,

Coroner’s Officer

Milton Keynes
Response from Google (PDF)
Belgrave House, 76 Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W 9TQ, United Kingdom

Google UK Limited

Mr Sean Cummings
The Coroner’s Office
Civic Offices
1 Saxon Gate East
Milton Keynes
MK9 3EJ

By post and email:

Dear Sean Cummings

16 October 2024

Regulation 28: Report to Prevent Future Deaths – Tracey Haybittle and Amal Ahmed

We refer to your report dated 22 August 2024 regarding Mrs Haybittle and to your report dated 23 August
2024 regarding Ms Ahmed. This letter serves as a formal response to the queries and points raised
within the reports.

Circumstances of death

We are deeply saddened to hear of the tragic circumstances relating to the deaths of Mrs Haybittle and
Ms Ahmed.

We understand from the reports that on 20 November 2023, Ms Ahmed’s vehicle collided with Mrs
Haybittle’s vehicle on the A5 adjacent to the Little Brickhill junction. Ms Ahmed died at the scene; Mrs
Haybittle died later at the John Radcliffe Hospital. A passenger of one of the vehicles required critical
care and suffered life threatening and changing injuries.

The reports indicate that Ms Ahmed appeared to have been using a GPS – or “satnav” – navigation
system, but mistakenly entered the “off” slip road at the Little Brickhill junction and drove the wrong way
at speed before colliding with Mrs Haybittle. We understand that the junction was painted with “No Entry”
on the road surface – along with white, double broken lines (indicating “give way”) – and was flanked by
two red “No Entry” road signs. National Highways subsequently undertook a number of measures to
prevent other drivers from incorrectly entering the slip road, but observed that drivers frequently
continued to do so. Enquiries by the police and information volunteered by members of the public
suggested that the audio guidance given by their satnav systems may be confusing drivers into making
the incorrect manoeuvre.

Google Maps

Google Maps is a mapping and navigation application provided to users in the UK by Google LLC. It can
provide directions for users to travel from one point to another on foot, in a vehicle, by bicycle or by public
transport. The application offers directions that can visibly be shown on the user’s device and/or offers
audio guidance to prepare users for upcoming manoeuvres, and to guide them to the point at which they
must turn or make the manoeuvre.

Registered address: Belgrave House, 76 Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W 9TQ
Registered in England and Wales with registration number 03977902

 Belgrave House, 76 Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W 9TQ, United Kingdom

Google UK Limited

Safety is core to how Google develops and operates the Google Maps service, and we understand our
responsibility to keep our users and other road users safe. We implement a multi-layered approach to
ensure navigation instructions are provided safely, including through real-time data updates and
algorithm optimisation, user feedback and reporting, and integration with other safety features such as
Car Crash Detection on certain Pixel devices. We endeavour to ensure that any audio guidance given by
Google Maps serves as a useful tool for drivers, though users must always obey road signs and traffic
signals.

Steps taken in response to the reports

We recognise that the cases identified in the reports are tragic. While it is not clear whether Google Maps
was involved, we have carefully considered whether there are improvements we can make to Google
Maps to help ensure that similar incidents do not occur in future. We have therefore taken the following
measures:

● We have liaised with National Highways and reviewed their helpful dashcam footage of the

relevant junction. This has assisted our product and engineering teams in carefully
investigating the audio guidance provided by Google Maps. Our teams are working on
improvements to the timing of the audio guidance.

● As part of these improvements, we anticipate providing enhanced audio guidance in

situations such as those in this case. This will involve an amended audio prompt as a driver
approaches a junction where they would cross an overpass: “after the overpass, turn right”.
We hope that this will provide clearer guidance for drivers and help reduce the risk that they
make an incorrect turn. Although changes such as these require significant internal validation
before they can be launched publicly, we hope to launch them in the near future.

More generally, Google remains committed to continually improving its services to provide helpful
navigation services, and we welcome feedback from users which can be submitted through the Google
Maps mobile application or website.

Yours faithfully

Legal Department
Google UK Limited

Registered address: Belgrave House, 76 Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W 9TQ
Registered in England and Wales with registration number 03977902
Response from Milton Keynes City Council (PDF)
Updated letter 

Dr Sean Cummings 
HM Assistant Coroner for Milton Keynes 

By email  

24 January 2024 

Dear Dr Cummings 

Regulation 28 Report - Fatal Road Crash, A5 Little Brickhill, 16 November 2023 

Thank you for contacting me regarding the tragic events of 16 November 2023. We have 
been asked to respond to the Regulation 28 Report (Report to prevent future deaths) on 21 
December 2023 with a deadline set of 14 February 2024. This letter sets out our position in 
respect of: 

•  Confirmation of any concerns raised with MKCC regarding this junction. 
•  Copies of the concerns raised. 
•  MKCC’s responses to these concerns. 

MKCC has received no formal complaints in relation this junction nor related signage that 
we have been able to establish from examination of our customer service records. We have 
had some reports using our on-line forms and a note of those is set out in the annex to this 
letter.  

The slip road, its junction with the local road, and the signage and road markings at the end 
of the slip road are part of the National Highways asset and they are therefore the 
responsible highway authority.  

MKCC has no powers to action any improvements to the junction mouth, the signage 
located there, or any road markings to prevent unauthorised entry. MKCC is highway 
authority for the local road that the A5 on and off slips connect to.  

Comments about the absence of highway lighting in the vicinity are noted, and this would 
be MKCC’s responsibility on the connecting local road and National Highway’s on the slip 
road, although it is a rural location and there is no nearby power supply at present.  

City highways officials visited the site on 20 November after the fatal incident with Thames 
Valley Police (TVP). TVP then convened a video call with MKCC and National Highways on 
21 November and National Highways took subsequent actions on their junction. We would 

Civic, 1 Saxon Gate East, Central Milton Keynes, MK9 3EJ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 agree with National Highways that the signage appeared adequate to regulations, although 
we would suggest that the National Highways no-entry signage at the slip road junction 
may benefit from illumination (although the Traffic Signs Regulations and General 
Directions guidance does not require this).  

We will, of course, co-operate with any actions arising from the inquest that are in our 
power.  

Yours sincerely 

Chief Executive 

Annex  

‘Report-Its’ Received 

We have looked back over 2023 using the search terms ‘A5 Slip Road’ and we have had 
some ‘Report-Its’ made.  There are other ‘Report-Its’ relating to potholes and flooding in 
the vicinity.  

We received a ‘Report-It’ made on 28 May 2023. The records show that in this case a 
highways inspector visited the location on 2 June 2023 and made the following note 
‘Inspection on 02/06/23 enough signage and road marking on road saying no entry. No 
safety defects found all below investigatory levels’. This reflects his remit to consider the 
condition of those assets in respect of safety. A standardised response was sent to the 
customer.  

We have another ‘Report-It’ made on 21 November 2023 which was made following the 
incident. The same inspector visited the site again and again found no immediate safety 
hazard based on condition (of the asset) and highlighted to the resident on 13 January 
2024 that we have investigated and intend to review the situation at a later date as part of 
our planned work programme. A standardised response was sent to the customer.  

If at any time we identify an urgent safety hazard on a road where National Highways has 
responsibility for doing any works we would engage with them. 

Civic, 1 Saxon Gate East, Central Milton Keynes, MK9 3EJ
Response from Tomtom (PDF)
HM Coroners Office
Civic
1 Saxon Gate East
Milton Keynes
MK9 3EJ
United Kingdom
Email:

By email

Amsterdam, 16 October 2024

Subject: Regulation 28 – Report to Prevent Future Deaths

Dear Mr. Cummings,

We are writing in response to your reports dated 22nd and 23rd August 2024, regarding the accident at
the A5 near the Little Brickhill junction.

First of all, we would like to extend our condolences to all those affected by this tragic event.

At  TomTom,  the  safety  of  our  customers  and  all  road  users  is  our  priority,  and  we  take  security
matters very seriously.

Following  the  report,  we  reviewed  our  navigation  systems’  verbal  instructions  provided  near  the
junction  at  hand.  We  have  simulated  different  scenarios,  including  speed  variations  of  60mph  and
30mph,  to  better  understand  how  our  navigation  systems  presented  instructions  based  on  driver
speed.  The  scenarios  assumed  that  the  driver  would  either  (i)  maintain  maximum speed  until  the
junction; or (ii) slow down when approaching it. The outcome of the review revealed that instructions
were given either (i) right when passing by the off-slip road; or (ii) after passing by the off-slip road,
when on the overpass towards the exit.

As part of our ongoing efforts to enhance road safety, we recently implemented additional safeguards, to
limit drivers’ confusion where possible, regardless of their speed behavior on the road, by timing the
verbal  commands  closer  to  the  actual  exit,  and  in  any  event  after  passing  the  off-slip  road.
However, please note that in order for these changes to be effective and visible by end users, they
need    to   use   the   latest   map   and   therefore   in   certain    circumstances   need   to   update   their
systems/devices.

Although  our  navigation  systems  offer  road  assistance  and  simplify  each  journey,  drivers  remain
responsible  for  driving.  That  said,  we  believe  that  the  mentioned  changes  in  verbal  instructions,
combined  with  the  steps taken  by  National  Highways to  improve  safety  at this  location  will  provide
drivers with clearer and more timely guidance.

Thank  you  for  bringing  this  to  our  attention.  Please  do  not  hesitate  to  contact  us  if  you  have  any
further questions.

This letter is submitted without prejudice and TomTom reserves all rights accordingly.

Yours sincerely,

TomTom International B.V.

VP / Head of Commercial Legal

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