Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Lucas Pollard

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0058, written 1 Feb 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report1 Feb 2024
Reference2024-0058
DeceasedLucas Pollard
CoronerSean Cummings
Coroner areaBedfordshire and Luton
CategoryChild Death (from 2015) · Emergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1 

 – Chief Executive, East of England Ambulance Service 

1  CORONER 

I am Sean CUMMINGS, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Bedfordshire and Luton 
Coroner Service 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 08 June 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of Lucas Tyler POLLARD 
aged 14.  The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 18 January 2024.  The 
conclusion of the inquest was that: 

Lucas Tyler Pollard was aged 14 at the time of his death on the 1st June 2023. He had been 
given a new electric moped the day before. He had no prior experience of riding the moped. 
It was in sound mechanical order although the tyres were significantly underinflated. It was 
not designed to carry pillion passengers. He went out to ride it with a friend in the early 
hours of the 1st June 2023 in Leighton Buzzard. It was dry and there was very little other 
traffic. He was driving east along Leighton Road and his friend was riding pillion when the 
bike tilted to the right (offside) and then struck a sign post at approximately 20 miles per 
hour. He sustained very severe injuries to his chest, liver, spleen and pelvis and suffered 
catastrophic internal haemorrhage. A category 1 ambulance with a target response time of 
7 minutes was dispatched from Luton Ambulance Station. It was known that the journey 
time would be in excess of 20 minutes. A critical care clinician considered the deployment 
of an air ambulance. That had an estimated journey time of greater than 40 minutes and 
was not dispatched. There was a rapid response vehicle based at the Leighton Buzzard 
Ambulance station with an estimated response of 3 minutes. That was dispatched by the 
computer aided dispatch system but then cancelled by a dispatcher as it would contravene 
East of England Ambulance Service End of Shift Policy. Deployment of the rapid response 
vehicle would have enabled aid to be given to Lucas much before the arrival of the 
ambulance from Luton. There was no discussion between the critical care clinician and the 
dispatcher. However, I found that the multiple injuries suffered by Lucas during the collision 
were catastrophic and mean't that he would not survive the collision whatever aid had been 
provided. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Lucas Tyler Pollard was aged 14 when he died at the Luton and Dunstable University 
Hospital. He had been driving his new electric moped at about 1.30 am on the 1st June 
2023 when he collided with street furniture and sustained catastrophic unsurvivable 
injuries. He had no prior experience of riding the moped. A nearby resident heard the 
collision and went to his aid and called emergency services. The call recording illustrates 
the first-aider's increasing concern as Lucas deteriorated. Lucas can be heard in the 
background very clearly to be deteriorating rapidly and significantly.  A Category 1 (C1) 
ambulance was dispatched followed by another as there were two casualties. C1 reflects an 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 emergency response travelling with blue lights and sirens. The EEAST uses a computer 
aided dispatch (CAD) system which also automatically dispatched a solo paramedic in a 
rapid response vehicle (RRV). Fire co-responders were also deployed. A General Broadcast 
(GB) was not made. A GB is an alert to any other nearby resources who might possibly 
assist. EEAST policy requires a GB where there are no nearby resources. The first 
ambulance sent was based at the Luton ambulance station meaning it was greater than 20 
minutes away. The second ambulance was also greater than 20 minutes away. The target 
response time for a C1 ambulance is an average of 7 minutes and 15 minutes for 90% of 
calls. It was known at the time of dispatch that it would greatly exceed the target time. A 
Critical Care Dispatcher was aware of the call and nature and considered deploying a 
Critical Care Team (CCT) but opted to let the crew from the first ambulance to assess and 
report. This was despite the crew being at least 20 minutes away. The nearest CCT was 42 
minutes away by air. It was night which presents difficulties in safe landing etc. It was 
accepted on reflection that the CCT should have been sent. The RRV was 3 minutes from 
the scene. The proximity of the RRV was not revealed in the EEAS Serious Incident 
Investigation Report but emerged during questioning. The RRV was dispatched by the CAD 
but then immediately cancelled by a dispatcher due to the Trust's End of Shift Policy 
seemingly without regard to the actuality of the situation, that the two dispatched 
ambulances were more than 20 minutes away, a CCT was not dispatched and that a RRV 3 
minutes away could have rendered essential aid. The End of Shift Policy limits the calls 
crews can be dispatched to within the last one hour and last 30 minutes of their shift. The 
coding allocated to Lucas did not permit the RRV to be sent. As mentioned above, there 
was clear evidence through the call of Lucas's markedly deteriorating condition. There 
appears to have been no coding reassessment. The Critical Care Dispatcher and the 
"routine" dispatcher were not in the same location but could see each other's entries into 
the computer system in real time as they were made. There was no direct dialogue 
between them. There was no evidence of a  dynamic overview reassessment of the 
situation as it progressed. Had there been, it is possible, likely even, that the RRV would 
have been deployed. Medical evidence was clear Lucas would not have survived but that 
was not known at the time of the call. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

(1) That a Critical Care Team was not dispatched immediately given the serious nature of 
the call and the likely lack of clinical information for some considerable time ie waiting for 
the land ambulance, known to be more than 20 minutes away, to arrive and assess. 
(2) That the End Of Shift Policy was applied without evidence of an ongoing reassessment 
of the situation and the RRV, positioned only 3 minutes from the incident, was consequently 
not deployed. 
(3) There was clear evidence from the 999 call both from the caller and the obvious 
deterioration of Lucas from sounds in the background but that did not prompt a review of 
the management of the incident by EEAST. 
(4) While the medical evidence after consideration of the clinical presentation and the post 
mortem examination was clear that Lucas would not have survived, at the time of the call 
that was not and could not be known. Application of the policy as it was, in future 
situations, may represent a threat to a patient's life. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or 
your organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

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Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust (PDF)
HM Coroner Sean Cummings 
Assistant Coroner for Bedfordshire and Luton 
By email 

East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust 
Whiting Way 
Melbourn 
Cambridgeshire 
SG8 6NA 

5 March 2024 

Dear Mr Cummings 

I am writing further to the inquest into the death of Lucas Pollard, which concluded on 18 January 
2024. I understand that a number of EEAST staff gave evidence in relation to the Serious Incident 
investigation that took place. 

Following the inquest, you made a Regulation 28 Preventing Future Death report on 1 February 
2024 outlining your concerns in relation to the dispatch arrangements of the critical care team; 
the rigid application of the End of Shift Policy without evidence of an ongoing reassessment of 
the situation; and that the deterioration of Lucas did not lead to a further review of the call. I have 
outlined the actions we are taking in relation to each of these aspects below: 

A Critical Care Team was not dispatched immediately and there was likely a lack of clinical 
information for some considerable time, whilst waiting for the land ambulance to arrive. 

Generally, if the journey time for the Critical Care Team to arrive with a patient exceeds 45 
minutes, they may not be immediately dispatched as the land crew may arrive and decide to 
leave scene immediately. Other factors that influence dispatch decisions at any given time 
include competing calls requiring further interrogation and triage that may also require higher 
levels of care and regional availability. 

The integration of the Critical Care desk function from a two-person team into all three control 
rooms will significantly enhance EEAST’s ability to identify, continually monitor and reassess 
need for enhanced care. We will also share a case study of our attendance to Lucas with the 
Critical Care Desk clinicians for awareness. 

The End of Shift Policy was applied without evidence of an ongoing reassessment of the 
situation and the Rapid Response Vehicle was not deployed. 

The  End of Shift Policy  currently  states that  “in  the event of a  call where  there  is a  significant 
clinical patient concern, this should be immediately reviewed by a Clinical Coordinator and/or a 
Senior Ambulance Operations Centre (AOC) Clinician. If either the Clinical Coordinator or Senior 
AOC Clinician deems it necessary, they have the ability and authority to authorise an override of 

www.eastamb.nhs.uk 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the last 30 minutes and dispatch the nearest available resource”.  Unfortunately, the escalation 
to the Clinical Coordinator or Senior AOC Clinician did not happen on this occasion. The End of 
Shift Policy is currently being reviewed in order to ensure it remains clinically appropriate for our 
patients’  needs  but also  meets our obligations  in  relation  to  staff welfare.  Once  the policy  has 
been  reviewed  and  approved,  it  will  be  shared  with  all  AOC  staff  and  included  in  any  update 
training. We aim to complete this piece of work by the end of June 2024. 

There was clear evidence from the 999 calls and the obvious deterioration of Lucas from 
sounds in the background but that did not prompt a review of the call. 

There were opportunities to escalate this call to the Clinical Coordinator or Senior AOC Clinician 
for  further  review.  Active  listening  and  escalation  of  calls  are  covered  throughout  the  Call 
Handlers’ training course, with specific emphasis on the type of calls that should be escalated. 
An article will be published in What’s Out Wednesday, which is the weekly newsletter shared with 
all AOC staff across the Trust, for general awareness in order to remind staff of the importance 
of  active  listening  and  escalating  calls  where  appropriate.  In  addition,  it  will  be  picked  up 
specifically with the call handlers in their supervision/1:1 meetings. 

I am happy to provide you with a further update once these actions have been completed. Please 
do not hesitate to contact me should you require any further information in the meantime. 

Yours sincerely, 

Chief Executive 

www.eastamb.nhs.uk

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