Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Jane Walker

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0137, written 13 Mar 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report13 Mar 2024
Reference2024-0137
DeceasedJane Walker
CoronerKate Robertson
Coroner areaNorth West Wales
CategoryOther related deaths · Alcohol, drug and medication related deaths · Wales prevention of future deaths reports (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Kate Robertson 
Senior Coroner for North West Wales  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:   
The Rt Honourable James Cleverly, Secretary of State for the Home Office 

1 

CORONER 

I am Kate Robertson, HM Senior Coroner for North West Wales  

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 11 August 2020 an investigation was commenced into the death of Jane Walker 
(DOB 3 April 1968) who died on 8 August 2020. The investigation concluded at the end 
of the inquest on 13 March 2024.  The conclusion of the inquest was accident. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

The circumstances of the death are as follows :- 

On 8 August 2020 Jane Walker was a passenger on a rigid inflatable boat on the Menai 
Straits  when  a  collision  occurred  between  the  rigid  inflatable  boat  and  a  jet  ski.  Jane 
suffered significant internal injuries, was attended to by paramedics at the slip way and 
then conveyed to hospital, where she later died. The circumstances were investigated by 
the Marine Accident Investigation Branch. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest, the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.   

In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows  – 

Coroner's Office, Shirehall Street, Caernarfon  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jane was administered morphine for pain relief at the slip way by the paramedics. 
Administering such opioid medication takes time in that a cannula must first be 
inserted and once administered the morphine can take up to 15 minutes to be 
effective. 

Evidence was heard at the Inquest that there are alternative analgesics which can be 
administered much more quickly, have a much quicker impact and can be easier to 
remove when required. Example of such is mucosal fentanyl lozenge. This can be 
administered by placing the lozenge (on a stick) into the patient’s mouth, which takes 
effect very quickly and which can be removed quickly if required. It can be considered a 
safe and rapid method of delivering pre-hospital analgesia and is used by the military. It 
is not, however, available to paramedics. 

I am concerned that the unavailability of such analgesics to paramedics (in England as 
well as Wales) to assist patients who require immediate pain relief in the context of it 
reducing stress on the body, providing easier and potentially faster extrication and 
patient handling, and improving breathing, where time is of the essence for medical 
treatment, to reflect a risk of deaths into the future.  

Pursuant to controlled drug legislation paramedics are not currently permitted to 
administer such analgesics. Whilst matters of health are devolved to Wales, controlled 
drug legislation in this context is not a devolved matter to Wales, hence this Report to 
the Home Secretary. I am aware that The Medicines Act 1968 and/or other controlled 
drug legislation would require amendment to allow paramedics to administer such 
analgesia.  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have 
the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely 8 May 2024. I, Kate Robertson, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Family of the Deceased and to the Chief Coroner. 
I have also sent a copy of this Report to the Chief Executive of the Welsh Ambulance 
Service Trust for his information.  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of 

Coroner's Office, Shirehall Street, Caernarfon  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
Coroner. 

9 

Dated 13 March 2023 

Signature   
Kate Robertson 
HM Senior Coroner for North West Wales 

Coroner's Office, Shirehall Street, Caernarfon

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Drug Misuse Unit (PDF)
Official-Sensitive 

Kate Robertson 
HM Senior Coroner for North West Wales 
HM Coroner’s Office,  
Shirehall Street,  
Caernarfon,  
Gwynedd 
LL55 1SH 
01286 672804 

Dear Ms Robertson 

Thank you for your Prevention of Future Deaths report of 13 March concerning the 
tragic death of Jane Walker who died after a collision with a jet ski while on a rigid 
inflatable boat. In the report you recommend that paramedics should be provided 
with powers to administer mucosal fentanyl lozenges to ensure fast acting pain relief.   

You are receiving a response from an official in accordance with procedures for 
handling correspondence during the pre-election period. 

I understand that evidence heard at the inquest included detail about a mucosal 
fentanyl lozenge as an alternative, easier to remove and faster-acting analgesic to 
that received by Ms Walker (who was administered morphine via a cannula, which 
can take 15 minutes to be effective). At the time of Ms Walker’s death paramedics 
did not have the authority to administer that form of pain relief. 

Your recommendation mirrors two recommendations made in the report Manchester 
Arena Inquiry Volume 2: Emergency Response, which are as follows: 

Recommendation 118: The Department of Health and Social Care and the 
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) should consider 
urgently whether the regulatory regime should be altered to enable analgesia, such 
as fentanyl lozenges or sufentanil sublingual tablets, to be given by paramedics to 
injured persons. 

Recommendation 119: If the decision is that the regulatory regime should be altered 
in this way, the National Ambulance Resilience Unit should consider urgently 
whether the use of such analgesia should be rolled out to all Hazardous Area 
Response Team and other specialist operatives, as part of their basic equipment, 
and to paramedics more generally. 

The Manchester Arena Inquiry reports are available at the following link: Manchester 
Arena Inquiry reports - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) 

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Official-Sensitive 

The NHS England Task & Finish Group on Analgesia was established to consider 
these two recommendations. This comprises civilian and military clinical 
representatives, academics, representatives of the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care, the 
College of Paramedics, ambulance pharmacists and government officials.  This 
group works closely with colleagues in the Devolved Administrations to ensure any 
learning is shared and can be considered for use in the respective countries.  
Evidence gathering and evaluation are ongoing. The group has been provided with a 
copy of your letter for their reference. 

Once this group has reported its conclusions, these and any recommendations about 
paramedics and the administration of fentanyl will be considered by a future 
government. 

Yours sincerely 

Head of Drug Misuse Unit

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