Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Richard Carpenter

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0221, written 25 Apr 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report25 Apr 2024
Reference2024-0221
DeceasedRichard Carpenter
CoronerDavid Ridley
Coroner areaWiltshire and Swindon
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedSouth Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

HM Senior Coroner 
for Wiltshire and Swindon 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS  BEING SENT TO: 

The Rt Hon Victoria Atkins MP 
The Secretary of State for Health &  Social Care 
39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H OEU 

CORONER 

I am  David  Ridley,  Senior Coroner for Wiltshire and Swindon 

2 

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this  report under paragraph 7,  Schedule 5,  of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
http ://www. legislation .gov .u k/u kpga/2009/25/schedu le/5/paraqraph/7 
http://www.legislation .gov .uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7 /made 

3 

INVESTIGATION and  INQUEST 

On  the  15  December  2021  I  opened  an  Inquest  into  the  death  of Richard  Carpenter  who  was 
born on the 18 February 1950 and who died at his home address during the  early hours on the 1 
December 2021  aged  71.  His  Inquest was finally concluded today (23 April  2024). 

At the final  hearing Inquest,  I found that the medical cause of death was: 

1a.  Haemothorax 
1b.  Bleeding from  Site of Cardiac Surgery 
1 c.  Mitral Valve Replacement (November 2021) for Severe Mitral  Regurgitation 

In  relation to the when,  where and how Richard came by his death,  I recorded  as follows: 

"Richard underwent elective  complex heart surgery on  19  November 2021  that included a  Mitra/ 
Valve  repair and also a single vessel Coronary Artery Bypass Graft.  He  was discharged home on 
28  November 2021.  Late  evening on  30  November 2021  he  developed pains down  his left side. 
He  became  unresponsive  during  the  early hours on  1 December 2021  and was  confirmed dead 
at home  at 0500  the  same  day.  He  died  as  a  consequence  of a  complication  following  surgery 
when he developed a bleed more likely than not from the  surgical site ." 

My conclusion as to Richard's death was that it was an ACCIDENT. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

As you  will  see from what I recorded  on the Record of Inquest,  Richard  underwent elective major 
cardiac surgery in  Bristol  on  19 November 2021  and was discharged  home on  the 28 November 
2021.  Late evening  on  the  30  November 2021  he  developed  increasing  pain  down  his  left side 
and  shortly after 22:30 that evening his wife  made the first of a  number of calls  to the ambulance 
service.  Although  Richard  was  categorised  as  a  CAT  2  response  records  show  that  an 
ambulance  did  not  arrive  at  Richard's  home  address  until  04:11  on  the  1  December,  some  5 

Wiltshire & Swindon Coroner's Office, 26 Endless Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SPl lDP 

 
 hours  34  minutes  and  36  seconds  from  the  time  of  the  first  call  by  which  time  Richard  was 
unresponsive  and  despite  advanced  life  support  his  death  was  confirmed  at  05:00  the  same 
morning.  You  will  of  course  be  aware  that  the  target  response  time  for  a  Category  2,  I 
understand,  is  18 minutes. 

At  the  final  hearing  I admitted  evidence under Rule  23  of Coroners'  (Inquests)  Rules  2013  from 
  who  undertook  the  cardiac  surgery  on  Richard  in  November  2021  and  his  evidence 
was  that  even  if  Richard  had  been  got  to  hospital  within  say  an  hour  of the  original  call  the 
outcome would  only have possibly  been  more favourable  and  the  use of the  word  possibly  does 
not meet the level  of certainty that is  required to establish causation which works on  a balance of 
probabilities. 
CORONER'S CONCERNS 

5 

During the  course of the  Inquest I heard  evidence from  the  Southwest Ambulance Trust from 

 who  is  the  Deputy  Head  of Clinical  Operations  in  Safety  and  he  explained  in  detail 
the  pressures that all  ambulance trusts were  under at that  particular time and  he  also  explained 
new  ways  of  working  with  a  view  to  reducing  the  number  of  outstanding  unallocated  calls 
including  the  use  of  the  National  Model  for  Clinical  Navigation  and  the  use  of  ambulance 
personnel  at  hospital  in  an  attempt  to  free  up  ambulances  although  I  did  hear  that  it  is  not 
uncommon  for  around  30%  of available  ambulances  to  still  be  held  up  at  hospitals  in  our  area 
waiting for a handover. 

The  reason  I am  submitting  this  Regulation  28  Report  is  that  I  heard  evidence  when  I  put the 
 as  to  whether or not the Trust is  hitting  its  targets  in  relation  to ambulance 
question to 
response,  and  I  was  told  that  the  Trust  was  not  meeting  those  targets  consistently  in  a  way 
comparing to  pre-pandemic times.  When  I drilled  down further as  to  where  problems lay,  again 
the issue of patients in  hospitals taking  up beds arose in  circumstances whereby the patient was 
physically fit for discharge but they were  not able to  be discharged  due to the lack of appropriate 
care  packages  in  the  community.  This  issue  has  arisen  in  other  Regulation  28  Reports  that  I 
have  written  to  you  recently  and  I am  concerned  as  regards  the  lack  of availability  of sufficient 
free  beds  in  hospital  due  to  bed  blocking  is  still  causing  significant  disruption  to  ambulance 
services trying  to  transfer patients to  hospital.  Although  on  this  occasion  I did  not find  a  causal 
link between the delay and  Richard's death,  I am  concerned that delays in  ambulances attending 
patients  in  the  community  are  likely  to  increase  the  risk  of death  in  Cat  2  instances  especially 
that would otherwise be preventable had the patient been got to  hospital in a timely fashion. 

What  is  also of a concern  is  that what used to  be  considered  seasonal  pressures  on  ambulance 
services during the winter months is  now becoming an all  year round  norm. 

As  previously stated  in  other recent  Regulation  28  Reports  addressed  to you  any solution  to the 
overall  issues affecting the  NHS will  relate to matters of Government policy and  resourcing.  I am 
sure  that  the  family  here  would  appreciate  an  indication  as  to  the  national  strategy  here  to 
address  this  issue  over  and  above  providing  additional  funding  which  tends  to  be  the  general 
response that,  in  my experience,  is the usual  reply. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE  TAKEN 

In  my opinion action should  be taken to prevent future deaths and  I believe you  have the power 
to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You  are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,  namely by 
20 June 2024.  I,  the coroner,  may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,  setting out the 
timetable for action. Otherwise, you  must explain why no action  is  proposed. 

Wiltshire &  Swindon Coroner's Office, 26 Endless Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SPI  IDP 

 
 
 8. 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following  Interested Persons, 

Family of the Deceased 

,  South  Western Ambulance Service,  NHS Foundation Trust 

I am  also under a duty to  send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in  a complete or redacted or summary form.  He 
may send  a copy of this report to  any person who he believes may find  it useful or of interest. 
You  may make representations to  me,  the coroner,  at the time of your response,  about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9. 

Dated  25 April  2024 

Wiltshire & Swindon Coroner's Office, 26 Endless Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SPI  IDP

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
From Helen Whately 
Minister of State for Care 

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

14 June 2024 

HM Coroner David Ridley 
Wiltshire & Swindon Coroner’s Office 
26 Endless Street 
Salisbury 
Wiltshire 
SP1 1DP 

Dear Mr Ridley, 

Thank you for your Regulation 28 report of 25 April to the Secretary of State for Health and 
Social  Care  regarding  the  death  of  Richard  Carpenter.    I  am  replying  as  Minister  with 
responsibility for urgent and emergency care services. 

Firstly, I would like to say how saddened I was to read of the circumstances of Mr Carpenter’s 
death, and I offer my sincere condolences to his family and loved ones. It is vital that where 
Regulation 28 reports raise matters of concern these are looked at carefully so that NHS care 
can be improved. I am grateful to you for bringing these matters to my attention.  

Your report raises concerns over ambulance response times in the South Western Ambulance 
Service NHS Foundation Trust (SWAST) region and a relationship with availability of hospital 
beds linked to delays in discharging patients.  

You have appropriately shared your report and concerns with SWAST, who are best placed 
to respond on the specific action they are taking locally with NHS system partners to reduce 
handover delays and improve ambulance response times. 

In January 2023, NHS England published a two year ‘Delivery plan for recovering urgent and 
emergency care services’ which aims to deliver sustained improvements in waiting times, with 
a  target  for  this  year  to  reduce  Category  2  ambulance  response  times  to  30  minutes  on 
average.  An update to this plan has now been published, to build on learnings from the first 
year and to continue to support systems to improve performance and reduce waiting times. 
The plan is available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/urgent-and-emergency-care-
recovery-plan-year-2-building-on-learning-from-2023-24/  

Your report highlights that SWAST were responding to high demand. To support ambulance 
services, ambulance trusts received £200 million of additional funding in 2023/24 to expand 
capacity and improve response times. In addition, to improve patient flow and bed capacity 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 within hospitals £1 billion of dedicated funding was provided to increase staffed core hospital 
beds by 5,000 compared to 2022/23 plans. 

£1 billion was invested this year through the Discharge Fund in commissioning packages of 
care for people being discharged and improving discharge processes. A £40 million fund was 
also launched in September 2023 for local authorities in areas with the greatest challenges on 
urgent and emergency care. Local authorities used this funding for social care provision and 
strengthening admissions avoidance and discharge services over the past winter. The number 
of  people  discharged  from  hospital  with  packages  of  health  and  social  care  support  has 
increased by 9% from the end of March 2023 to the end of March 2024.  

Since  publication  of  the  recovery  plan  in  January  2023,  there  have  been  improvements  in 
performance. Nationally in 2023/24, average Category 2 ambulance response times (including 
for  serious  conditions  such  as  heart  attacks  and  strokes)  were  over  13  minutes  faster 
compared  to  the  previous  year,  a  reduction  of  27%.  For  SWAST,  average  Category  2 
response  times  were  over  26  minutes  faster  over  the  same  time  period,  a  38%  reduction. 
There have also been improvements in handover delays with SWAST handovers almost 20 
minutes faster on average in April than October 2023 (information  on ambulance handover 
times has been published since October 2023).  

Thank you once again for bringing these concerns to my attention.  

Yours,  

HELEN WHATELY

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