Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Deborah Cooper

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0395, written 18 Jul 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report18 Jul 2024
Reference2024-0395
DeceasedDeborah Cooper
CoronerDavid Ridley
Coroner areaWiltshire & Swindon
CategorySuicide (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

HM Senior Coroner
for Wiltshire and Swindon

28° REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology
100 Parliament Street

London

SW1A 2BQ

CORONER

| am David Ridley, Senior Coroner for Wiltshire and Swindon

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

http://www. legisiation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7
http://www. legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 27 February 2024 | opened the Inquest into the death of Deborah Jane Cooper (Aged 61)

whose body was found at her home in Melksham on 21 February 2024. The results of the post

mortem examination carried out on Deborah showed (subject to inquest) that she died from
oxicity.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Found at the scene of her death was apparatus that appears to have been constructed by
Deborah, the sole purpose of which was to produce EE which appears to have
directly resulted in her death. There were notes left at the scene as regards her intention to end
her life. As you will be aware from my earlier amended Regulation 28 Report dated 25 April
2024 (copy attached) in which | added your predecessor as a recipient, it would appear that
Deborah had downloaded a publication from the internet called

which is jointly written by i 7c My investigations are ongoing as to
how she acquired that digital copy. The book as previously indicated provides clear instructions
as to how to make the piece of apparatus which appears to have been put together by Deborah
and which has resulted in her ending her life.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

I stated in my original report that separately | had discovered that the same publication was
available directly from Amazon UK via their website. As you will be aware the law states that a
Coroner has a duty to make a report, such as this report, with a view to the prevention of future
deaths where as part of an investigation, evidence raises such a concern. | indicated earlier in
my first Regulation 28 Report that | felt that duty had arisen in this case when | discovered the
same publication that | believe was used by Deborah to provide instructions as to how to put a
cern eaia together with a view to ending her life, that such a book is also freely
available on the open market on Amazon.co.uk website and supplied directly by Amazon UK. |
was concerned that the marketing and supply of such a book giving such clear instructions and
advice as regards different methods for an individual to end one's life is of the utmost concern as
is the regulation as regards the supply of such publications whose sole purpose is to provide
information to those contemplating on ending their lives. | acknowledge that | have taken the
unusual step here of issuing a second Regulation 28 Report to you, but this has come about as a
result of fresh evidence coming into my possession which in my view triggers my duty in law to
make a second report identifying a further concern.

Wiltshire & Swindon Coroner's Office, 26 Endless Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP1 1DP
Tel 01722 438900 | Fax 01722 332223

Under Secretary of State at The Department of Science, Innovation and Technology,
dated 20 June 2024 where he highlighted the possible offence under the Suicide Act
and also pointed me in the direction of the regulatory framework of the Online Safety Act
2023.

| would refer you to the response to my first Regulation 28 Report from the then ee

Having conducted my own research in the matter | wrote to the Chief Executive of Ofcom
seeking clarity as regards the scope of the online safety legislation. | enclose with this
Regulation 28 a copy al Chief Executive of Ofcom’s, response dated 16 July
2024.

There are 2 issues that are of concern to me both of which leave me with the concern that there
appears to be nothing in the legislative arsenal to substantively dissuade Amazon UK from
marketing this publication to members of the public and children, if supplied direct from their
warehouse. Those concerns are based on: -

a. whilst there may be an offence under the Suicide Act 1961 as amended by the Coroners’ and
Justice Act 2009 to include a limited company the penalty for such an offence was not changed
and it remains as imprisonment, and you cannot imprison a limited company;

b. Having regard to the response from Ofcom (copy attached for ease of reference), they have
made it clear in paragraph 4 that where “Amazon UK itself directly offers a product for sale via its
own marketplace, that will be provider content (which is not in scope of the OSA} ..... | have
additionally enclosed with this letter a copy image taken today from the Amazon website which
clearly shows that Amazon UK are directly offering this particular book for sale via its own
marketplace.

There therefore seems to me to be a significant gap in the legislation to stop material like this
being directly marketed by an organisation, in this case by Amazon UK, utilising its own
marketplace. | fully acknowledge that if Amazon were marketing this on behalf of a third party
seller, then that would be covered by the online safety legislation but that does not appear to be
the case here and this book is being provided directly by the Amazon UK Warehouse.

| have additionally enclosed a copy of the response that | received to my Regulation 28 Report
from Amazon UK. | should point out here that | have been 1 of 4 coroners who have written to
Amazon about this issue.

As previously stated is it not for a Coroner to make recommendations and | hope that you will not
take offence that | have raised this issue again with your department, the sole purpose of which
is to prevent future deaths and in doing so highlighting what | perceive to be a gap in the
legislation in respect of which it is of course for His Majesty’s Government to consider how best
to address the concern, if you accept the concern raised in this letter.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the power
to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely
Thursday 12 September 2024. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Person,

Wiltshire & Swindon Coroner's Office, 26 Endless Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP1 1DP
Tel 01722 438900

Family of Mrs Cooper
Ofcom

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He
may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest.
You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Dated 18 July 2024

“SY Sh

Signature David Ridley, Senior Coroner for Wiltshire & Swindon

Wiltshire & Swindon Coroner's Office, 26 Endless Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP1 1DP
Tel 01722 438900

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Science Innovation and Technology Response (PDF)
Rt Hon Peter Kyle  
Secretary of State for Science, Innovation 
and Technology 
100 Parliament Street 
London SW1A 2BQ 

www.gov.uk/dsit 

11 September 2024 

Dear Mr Ridley,  

Thank you for the opportunity to respond to this second Report to Prevent Future Deaths, 
regarding the death of Deborah Jane Cooper. I was deeply saddened to read about the 
circumstances surrounding Deborah’s tragic death and would like to extend my deepest 
condolences to her family and friends for their loss.   

Following your further investigation and the response you received from Ofcom referenced in 
your letter, I completely understand and appreciate your decision to issue a second Regulation 
28 Report. As the Secretary of State responsible for the Online Safety Act and online harms 
more broadly, I will respond to your further queries as per my department’s remit and having 
engaged with the Ministry of Justice on the areas which fall into their remit.  

In your letter, you raise concern that there appears to be nothing in the Online Safety Act that 
 to members of the public, 
dissuades Amazon UK from marketing 
including adults and children. Before separately addressing the two specific issues of concern 
you raise, I would like to clarify that whilst the Act does not prevent adults from seeking out 
legal content, under the Child Safety Duties children will be protected from encountering 
harmful content including that which falls below the criminal threshold on regulated services.   

Under the Act, regulated search services must minimise the risk of children encountering (in 
search results or directly by clicking on them) ‘primary priority content’ which encourages or 
provides instructions for suicide or self-harm, even where it is legal. This would involve such 
content on an online marketplace, and if such search results included content – related to a 
book – which itself encouraged or provided instructions for suicide, or a search result led 
directly to a digital copy of a book which did so, the risk of children encountering this content 
would have to be minimised by the search service. The government is working closely with 
Ofcom to ensure these duties are implemented as quickly and effectively as possible. 

Now I will address the two specific issues you raise in your letter, the first of which sets out 
your concern that a limited company cannot be imprisoned under the Suicide Act 1961 as 
amended by the Coroners’ and Justice Act 2009. Whilst the Suicide Act 1961 does not itself 
provide for a penalty other than imprisonment, under section 120 of the Sentencing Act 2020 
the Crown Court has a general power to impose a fine on an offender convicted on indictment 
so there is no legislative gap in terms of sentencing if a company were to be convicted of an 
offence under the 1961 Act. The Suicide Act 1961 falls within the remit of the Ministry of 
Justice, should you have any further questions on this. 

I will now turn to the second issue you raise, that where Amazon or other providers are selling 
potentially harmful books related to suicide and self-harm directly, such content is out of scope 
of the Online Safety Act. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Online Safety Act does not prevent adult users from accessing legal suicide and self-harm 
content, regardless of whether it is user generated content or provider content. In some cases, 
such content may be trying to provide support to those in need and this is therefore a 
complicated area to regulate. To be clear, I am not saying that 
such a book. 

 is 

The issue therefore is whether the authors or distributors of 
similar books are committing an offence. However, the enforcement of existing offences is not 
for the government, but for the police and the Crown Prosecution Service and it is ultimately for 
the courts to decide if an offence has been committed. 

 or 

As you are aware, relevant criminal offences have a high threshold to avoid criminalising 
people who are expressing suicidal feelings and those offering them support, by for example, 
sharing their own experiences.  As set out above, offences under the Suicide Act 1961 and 
their thresholds are under the remit of the Ministry of Justice. 

I would like to thank you again for drawing this to my attention and hope that this response has 
assisted your investigation. Should you have any further queries or concerns in relation to the 
relevant offences as set out above, the Ministry of Justice will be best placed to answer these.  

Yours sincerely, 

Rt Hon Peter Kyle  
Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology

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