Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Bobilya Mulonge

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0250, written 8 May 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report8 May 2024
Reference2024-0250
DeceasedBobilya Mulonge
CoronerLauren Costello
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Secretary of State for Health and Social Care 

1 

CORONER 

I am Lauren Costello, Assistant Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Manchester South 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 24th  May 2023 an investigation was commenced into the death of Bobilya Mulonge 
then aged 62 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 19th  April 
2024. The conclusion of the inquest was a narrative conclusion that Mrs Mulonge died 
as  a  result  of  congestive  cardiac  failure  against  a  background  of  hypertensive 
heart disease. Ambulance response times probably contributed to her death. 

The medical cause of death being: 

1 (a) Congestive Cardiac Failure 
(b) Hypertensive Heart Disease 

II) Chronic Kidney disease and Type II diabetes mellitus 

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 4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mrs  Mulonge  had  multiple  co-morbidities  including  hypertension  with  a  history  of 
hypertensive crisis, stroke, diabetes and she had multiple hospital admissions in 2022. 
On 24 November 2022 at  06:09 an ambulance was called because her breathing was 
laboured,  and  her  consciousness  was  reducing.  During  the  call  she  became 
unconscious.  When an ambulance arrived 72 minutes later, at 07:24, she was in cardiac 
arrest.  Her  heart  was  restarted  but  despite  appropriate  treatment  she  continued  to 
deteriorate and died at 10:45 on 24 November 2022 at Tameside General Hospital, as 
a result of congestive cardiac failure against a background of hypertensive heart disease, 
chronic kidney disease and type II diabetes mellitus. 

The Inquest heard that the North West Ambulance Service was unable to meet average 
response standards at  the  time of  the 999  call mainly  due to the fact that ambulances 
were unable to clear the region’s hospitals because of the long waiting times there.  In 
addition,  there  were  high  call  volumes.  A  level  4  incident  plan  was  commenced  as  a 
result. 

A number of measures have been undertaken by the North West Ambulance Service to 
address emergency response times including: 

  Regular meetings take place between the North West Ambulance Service and 

NHS Trusts in the region to discuss the delays at a regional level. 

  There are faster communications between senior leaders in the North West 

Ambulance Service and NHS Trusts when there is a period of high demand or 
delay. 

  North West Ambulance Service managers are deployed to struggling Accident and 

Emergency departments. 

  A delayed handover checklist is in place. 
  Patients are triaged to assess if they can wait in a waiting room to release 

ambulances – this is called Fit to Sit. 

  Patients who can be safely grouped with other patients and looked after by one 
ambulance crew rather than in individual ambulances are placed together to 
release ambulances. 

  The North West Ambulance Service now has an option to remove crews with 15 

minutes notice to the hospital. 

  Batch Divert is in place which allows the North West Ambulance Service to send 

an ambulance to another hospital. 

The inquest heard that waiting times across the North West region are still impacted by 
problems clearing the regions hospitals despite the above measures. 

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 5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest, the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. – 

Despite a number of measures being undertaken by the North West Ambulance Service, 
the delay in paramedics attending Category 2 calls has not been resolved to within target 
ranges.  This  is  because  resources  available  in  the  North  West  Ambulance  Service 
cannot  be  fully  utilised  as  a  result  of  the  delays  in  ambulances  clearing  Accident  and 
Emergency departments. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and 
have the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 3rd  July 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I  have  sent  a  copy  of  my  report  to  the  Chief  Coroner  and  to  the  following  Interested 
Persons  namely  1) 
  on  behalf  of  the  family  and;2)  North  West 
Ambulance Service, who may find it useful or of interest. 

I  am  also  under  a  duty  to  send  a  copy  of  your  response  to  the  Chief  Coroner  and  all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

The  Chief  Coroner  may  publish  either  or  both  in  a  complete  or  redacted  or  summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response. 

9 

Lauren Costello 
HM Assistant Coroner 

08.05.2024 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
From Minister Helen Whately 
Minister of State for Care 
39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

 3 July 2024 

Our Ref: 

Lauren Costello 
HM Assistant Coroner  
Coroner's Court  
1 Mount Tabor Street  
Stockport  
SK1 3AG  

By email: 

Dear Ms Costello,  

Thank  you  for  your  letter  of  8  May  to  the  Secretary  of  State  for  Health  and  Social  Care 
regarding the death of Bobilya Mulonge. I am replying as Minister with responsibility for urgent 
and emergency care.  

Firstly, I would like to say how deeply sorry I was to read the circumstances of Ms Mulonge’s 
death and I offer my sincere condolences to her family and loved ones. It is vital that where 
Regulation 28 reports raise matters of concern these are looked at carefully so that NHS care 
can be improved. I am grateful to you for bringing these matters to my attention.   

Your  report  raised  concerns  about  ambulance  response  times  at  North  West  Ambulance 
Service  NHS  Trust  (NWAS)  and  that,  despite  a  number  actions  being  taken  by  the  trust, 
response times are still being impacted by long patient handover times at A&E. In preparing 
this response, my officials have made enquiries with NHS England (NHSE) who have in turn 
liaised with Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board and NWAS. 

I  am  advised  that  NHS  organisations  locally  are  continuing  work  to  support  reductions  in 
handover  delays.  A  Hospital  Handover  Improvement  Working  Group  continues  to  provide 
focus on this issue across Greater Manchester. Learning from the best performing trusts is 
shared across the region and a hospital handover Operational Improvement Plan has been 
developed with NWAS colleagues. This focusses on key areas including alternative options 
for conveyance, in particular direct referrals to Same Day Emergency Care, expanding and 
formalising  Greater  Manchester  Falls  response  services  and  Urgent  Community  Response 
services to support further reduction in conveyance, and strengthening governance to improve 
risk reporting and escalation practices. 

As the Minister responsible for urgent and emergency care services, I recognise the significant 
pressure  the  NHS  is  facing  and  the  impact  of  waiting  times  for  patients.  In  January  2023, 
NHSE published a two year ‘Delivery plan for recovering urgent and emergency care services’ 
which aims to deliver sustained improvements in waiting times with targets for this year for a 
minimum of 78% of patients being admitted, transferred, or discharged within four hours by 
March 2025, and to reduce Category 2 ambulance response times to 30 minutes on average. 
An update to this plan has now been published, to build on learnings from the first year and to 

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 continue to support systems to improve performance and reduce waiting times. The plan is 
available at: 
https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/PRN01288_ii_Delivery-plan-for-
recovering-urgent-and-emergency-care-progress-update-and-next-steps-May-2024.pdf  

Your  report  highlights  that  NWAS  were  under  high  demand  at  the  time  of  the  incident. 
Ambulance services received £200 million of additional funding in 2023/24 to expand capacity 
and improve response times. 

To improve patient flow and bed capacity within hospitals £1 billion of dedicated funding was 
provided to increase staffed  core hospital  beds by  5,000 compared to 2022/23  plans.  £1.6 
billion  of  funding  was  also  made  available  over  two  years  to  support  the  NHS  and  local 
authorities to ensure timely and effective discharge from hospital, helping to free up beds and 
reduce long waits for admission from A&E.  

At a national level, we have seen improvements in performance. In 2023/24, average Category 
2  ambulance  response  times  (including  for  serious  conditions  such  as  heart  attacks  and 
strokes)  were  over  13  minutes  faster  compared  to  the  previous  year,  a  reduction  of  27%. 
NWAS average Category 2 response times were over 13 minutes faster in 2023/24 compared 
to the previous year, a 32% reduction. In May 2024, average patient handover times in the 
NWAS region were 31 minutes 30 seconds, over 7 minutes faster than January 2024. 

Thank you once again for bringing these concerns to my attention.  

Yours,  

HELEN WHATELY 

2

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