Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Daniel Pinkney

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0609, written 7 Nov 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report7 Nov 2024
Reference2024-0609
DeceasedDaniel Pinkney
CoronerPaul Marks
Coroner areaCity of Kingston Upon Hull and the County of the East Riding of Yorkshire
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

ANNEX A

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. Department of Transport and the Driver Vehicle Standards Agency
2. Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

1

CORONER

I am Professor Paul Marks, Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of City of Kingston
Upon Hull and the County of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

2

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 30th December 2022, I commenced an investigation into the death of Daniel Pinkney,
aged 26 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 21st October
2024. The conclusion of the inquest was: ROAD TRAFFIC COLLISION

4

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

These are set out in my summary and findings of facts which are attached.
At approximately 21:13 hours on 19th December 2022, Daniel PINKNEY was driving his
Ford Focus motor car in a northerly direction on the A164 in the Skidby area. He
encountered a large amount of surface water on his carriageway whilst travelling at
approximately 50 miles per hour. His vehicle was subject to aquaplaning and
consequent loss of directional control. As a result, he entered the opposite carriageway
and collided with a third party vehicle travelling in the Hessle-bound direction. The force
of the impact was such that the engine of Mr. PINKNEY's vehicle broke free of its
mountings and came to lie 28 metres from the vehicle. Mr. PINKNEY suffered

1

 devastating head and other injuries which were unsurvivable, and he was declared
deceased by paramedics in his vehicle at 21:57 hours on 19th December 2022. Both of
the involved vehicles were free from mechanical defects which could have caused or
contributed to the accident.

5

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –

I  believe  that  greater  awareness  of  the  phenomenon  of  aquaplaning  is  important,
together  with  the  need  to  reduce  speed  when  surface  water  is  present,  coupled  with
basic  knowledge  about  braking  and  steering,  should  a  vehicle  experience  this
phenomenon. I was informed by a forensic collision expert that the Highway Code is at
present silent on this matter but road user should be familiar with it.

6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and your
organisation has the power to take such action by considering adding guidance in the
next iteration of the Highway Code.
YOUR RESPONSE

7

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by Thursday 2nd January 2025. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed.

8

COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons:

-  The insurers of Mr PINKNEY’s vehicle
-  The insurers of the third-party vehicle
-  East Riding of Yorkshire Council
-  The family of Daniel PINKNEY

I am also sending a copy to NHS England and equivalent organisations in the other
countries of the United Kingdom.

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

2

 9

7th November 2024

3

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department for Transport (PDF)
From the Parliamentary Under 
Secretary of State  

Great Minster House 
33 Horseferry Road 
London 
SW1P 4DR 

Tel: 0300 330 3000 
E-Mail: 

Web site: www.gov.uk/dft 

Our Ref: 

Professor Paul Marks 
Kingston Upon Hull Coroner’s Court, 
The Guildhall, 
Alfred Gelder Street, 
Hull, 
HU1 2AA 

 18 December 2024 

Dear Professor Paul Marks, 

RESPONSE TO REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE 
DEATHS   

Thank you for your report of 07 November 2024 made under the Coroners 
and Justice Act 2009 and the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, 
following the inquest you conducted into the death of Daniel Pinkney. I am 
responding as the Minister for the Future of Roads.  

I am deeply saddened by the circumstances of Daniel Pinkney’s death, and I 
would like to extend my condolences to his family. 

I am determined that we learn from tragedies like this and that we take action 
to reduce those killed and injured on our roads. 

I want to assure you that the Government treats road safety with the utmost 
seriousness. Whilst UK roads are among the safest in the world, there is no 
room for complacency and I have carefully considered your report and its 
recommendations. 

You recommended updating the Highway Code to raise awareness about 
aquaplaning. You also mentioned the importance of reducing speed when 
surface water is present, and basic knowledge about braking and steering. 

While there is no specific mention of aquaplaning in The Highway Code. 
Rules 117 to 126 cover control of the vehicle. Rules 119 to 121 mention 
skidding, ABS and brakes affected by water. Rule 125 offers guidance on 
reducing speed, including when the road layout or condition presents hazards 
and weather conditions make it safer to do so. Rule 227 (Wet Weather) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 advises what action should be taken if steering becomes unresponsive, likely 
due to water preventing the tyres from gripping the road, and recommends 
that drivers ease off the accelerator and slow down gradually. As such, we 
consider that appropriate guidance is in place in the current text of the 
Highway Code. 

The Highway Code has historically undergone a major revision approximately 
every ten years and we currently have no plans to carry out a major revision. 
When we carry out the next revision to the Code, we will as usual undertake a 
consultation on proposed changes and this would offer the appropriate 
opportunity to consider including advice on aquaplaning.   

Additionally, the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) already 
provides advice to drivers on aquaplaning.  

The DVSA’s driving tests are designed to make sure new drivers have the 
skills they will need to help them through a lifetime of safe driving. The DVSA 
also continues to encourage experienced drivers to read the Highway Code 
to refresh their road safety knowledge and check if there are changes. 

The Highway Code and the DVSA Guide to Driving; the Essential Skills (DES) 
are both source material for the car theory test. DES is a source that goes 
into more detail about driving on standing water (aquaplaning) which can be 
purchased by candidates and this allows the DVSA to ask questions in the 
theory test.  

The DVSA produces a number of guidance documents to assist all drivers 
and riders on Great Britain’s roads. The DVSA publishes this advice for all 
drivers, not just for learners. Further free information about driving in standing 
water can be found in their following publications: 

Driving conditions (skills 24 to 26) - Ready to Pass?: 
https://readytopass.campaign.gov.uk/driving-skills/driving-conditions/  

There are numerous sections on recognising and handling risks when 
operating a motorbike in deep water or rainy conditions, as well as when 
operating a heavy-goods vehicle and driving a car, at 
https://www.safedrivingforlife.info/advice/ 

The DVSA is aware of the importance of reminding drivers of their road safety 
responsibilities. The agency regularly posts articles on social media 
platforms, and this month the DVSA also plans to launch and promote a 
winter driving e-learning course through www.safedrivingforlife.info 

You also mentioned blockage of drainage gulleys as a factor in the collision. 
Local highway authorities have a duty under Section 41 of the Highways Act 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 1980 to maintain the public highway network in their area. The Act does not 
set out specific standards of maintenance, as it is for each individual local 
highway authority to assess which parts of its network need repair and what 
standards should be applied, based on its local knowledge and 
circumstances.  

DfT strongly advocates a risk-based whole lifecycle asset management 
approach to local authority highways maintenance programmes. This 
considers all parts of the highway network, such as bridges, cycleways, 
drainage gullies, and lighting columns – and not just the fixing of potholes. It 
is up to the respective highway authority how best to spend this funding to 
fulfil their statutory duty under Section 41 of the Highways Act 1980.   

Further information and best practice on the on the importance of ensuring 
adequate drainage and tackling surface water is available from the UK Roads 
Leadership Group website1: Guidance on the management of highway 
drainage assets within the Code of Practice for Well Managed Highways. 

We will continue to work with stakeholders to amplify road safety messages 
and will encourage them to do this with aquaplaning where appropriate. 

This Government takes road safety very seriously, and we are committed to 
reducing the numbers of those killed and injured on our roads. My 
Department is developing our road safety strategy and will set out more 
details in due course. 

Best wishes, 

MINISTER FOR THE FUTURE OF ROADS 

1 https://ukrlg.ciht.org.uk/
Response from Rospa (PDF)
RoSPA

28 Calthorpe Road
Birmingham, B15 1RP
| United Kingdom

7: +44 (0}121 248 2000

help@rospa.com

® accidents don’t have to happen aie ewan

Patron: His Majesty The King

Professor Paul Marks

HM Senior Coroner

Kingston upon Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire
The Guildhall

Alfred Gelder Street

Hull

HU1 2AA

Wednesday, December 18, 2024

Dear Professor Marks
Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths: Daniel Pinkney

We acknowledge receipt of your Regulation 28 Report following the inquest into the tragic death of
Mr Daniel Pinkney. We at the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) extend our
deepest condolences to Mr Pinkney’s family and loved ones and are committed to addressing the
concerns you have raised.

Background

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA} is a charity in existence for over a century,
we are concerned with the prevention of accidents across the full range of life, both in the UK and
abroad. ROSPA has no regulatory role, or enforcement powers. We are therefore not in a place to
comment on the circumstances of the incident, nor are we able to place blame or identify liability.

Actions to be taken by RoSPA

Your report highlights the issue of aquaplaning, and the risks associated with driving through surface
water. In response to your concerns, we outline below the actions RoSPA intends to advocate for to
enhance road safety and reduce the risk of similar incidents in the future:

Description Timeline
Engage with the Department for Transport and DVSA regarding coroner’s findings:

Q4 2024
Create and share digital education materials on aquaplaning
awareness through social media and website

Q2 2025

We appreciate your report’s emphasis on proactive education, and we are dedicated to working with
other stakeholders to improve safety standards across the country. In memory of Daniel Pinkney, we
hope these initiatives will contribute to preventing future tragedies on our roads.

We would like to emphasise that we enjoy an excellent working relationship with the DVSA, and look
forward to working with them, in order to protect the public.

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

A company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales with No. 231435
Registered Charity No. 207823 (England & Wales) and $C039289 (Scotland)
Registered office: RoSPA Hause, 28 Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 1RP

ROSPA

28 Calthorpe Road
Birmingham, 815 1RP
United Kingdom

T: +44 (0)121 248 2000

4 help@respa.com
a O app www.rospa.com

Patron: His Majesty The King

Should you require further details regarding our planned actions, or if RoSPA can assist in other areas
related to road safety, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Yours sincerely

Policy, Campaigns, Public Affairs Director

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

A company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales with No. 231435
Registered Charity No, 207823 (England & Wales) and SCO39289 (Scotland)
Registered office: ROSPA House, 28 Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, BiemIngham, B15 1RP-

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