Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2015

Christopher Higgins

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2015-0480, written 24 Dec 2015. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report24 Dec 2015
Reference2015-0480
DeceasedChristopher Higgins
CoronerJacqueline Lake
Coroner areaNorfolk
CategorySuicide (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published3

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. Chief Executive
Norfolk & Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Fermoy Unit
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Gayton Road, King’s Lynn
Norfolk, PE30 4ET

2. Chief Executive
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Gayton Road, King’s Lynn
Norfolk, PE30 4ET

3. Chief Executive
‘Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital
Colney Lane, Norwich
NR4 7UY

4. Chief Executive
James Paget University Hospital
Lowestoft Road
Gorleston, Great Yarmouth
Norfolk, NR31 6LA

1 | CORONER

lam JACQUELINE LAKE, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of NORFOLK

2 | CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3 | INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 16 July 2013, | commenced an investigation into the death of CHRISTOPHER
JONATHAN HIGGINS, AGE 36 YEARS. The investigation concluded at the end of the
inquest on 16 DECEMBER 2015. The conclusion of the inquest was Medical Cause of
Death: 1a) Severe head injury with extradural haeniorrhage (operated on) and
Conclusion: Suicide

4 | CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

On 23 December 2013 Mr Higgins became a voluntary patient at the Fermoy Unit. On
24 June 2013 Mr Higgins self-harmed resulting in a wound to his neck. He was taken to
the Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King’s Lynn. Whilst
being treated, Mr Higgins grabbed a pair of scissors and repeatedly stabbed himself in
the chest. He was restrained. Mr Higgins received medication and was returned to the
$136 Suite at the Fermoy Unit. Whilst there he was taken out for a cigarette and dived
over the railings landing on the ground below, sustaining a head injury. Mr Higgins was
taken to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King’s Lynn and then transferred to
Addenbrooke's Hospital where he died as a result of the head injury on 2 July 2013.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

(1) It became clear during evidence, that members of staff are not aware of what is
required of them when they carry out Observations on a patient. This was particularly
evident with regard to Observations to be carried out on a “two members of staff to one
patient” basis. Areas of confusion include how staff are to engage with a patient, how
close they are.required to be with regard to the patient, i.e. at arm’s length or within
eyesight and how to record the information gained from the Observation.

(2) The Escort Policy does not include information relating to the transfer of patients
from one place to another (in this case from an Acute Hospital to the Fermoy Unit) when
other services are involved, for.instance the Police. In particular, Mr Higgins who had
been acting in an unpredictable and paranoid manner, was put into a cage at the rear of
the Police van with three Police Officers, with no Mental Health staff to accompany him.
The evidence did not reveal that this had been considered by the Mental Health staff
previously attending to Mr Higgins; ;

(3) The safety of the environment where the incident took place, namely a disabled ramp
with a railing along the edge and a concrete’floor, had not been risk assessed prior to
taking Mr Higgins outside for a cigarette. It is understood that since Mr Higgins’ death
the railing has been heightened. There was no evidence of a formal Risk Assessment
having been undertaken since his death. Other ways of making the area safe are still
under consideration.

(4) There is no agreement in place between the NSFT and the Acute Hospital as to the
best way to deal with patients subject to detention under the Mental Health Act who
require assessment and treatment at A & E, as a result of which Mr Higgins, was
required to wait over 2 hours in a busy, public area, having already self-harmed and
shown signs of paranoia.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

-In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe your
organisation has the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 18 February 2016. I, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons:
(parents)
Norfolk County Council
Norfolk Constabulary
Cambridge Constabulary
Department of Health
Healthwatch Norfolk -

| have also sent it to CARE QUALITY COMMISION who may find it useful or of interest.

! am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

24 December 2015 J aKa.

Jacqueline Lake
Senior Coroner for Norfolk

Responses

3 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from James Paget University Hospitals NHS Trust (PDF)
“1-8 FEB 2018

James Paget University Hospitals NHS)
NHS Foundation Trust

Lowestoft Road
Gorleston

415" February 2016 , Great Yarmouth
Norfolk

Private and Confidential NR31 6LA

Mrs Jacqueline Lake Main Switchboard: 01493 452452

Senior Coroner for Norfolk . ;
69 — 75 Thorpe Road ; ; Direct
Norwich : Direct Fax:

NR1 1UA

Dear Mrs Lake

RE: Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths following the inquest into the
death of Mr Christopher Higgins

Thank you for your letter dated 24" December 2015 following your inquest into the death of
Mr Christopher Higgins.

Although the Trust was not an Interested Person at the inquest, | understand that the inquest
raised concerns that there was no arrangement in place between Norfolk and Suffolk Mental
Health Trust and any of the acute hospitals in Norfolk to alleviate, as far as possible, distress
to any patient detained under the Mental Health Act. Hence, you have made this report
under paragraph 7, schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28
and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

We have considered the issues you raised in your report and we have worked with
colleagues at Norfolk and Suffolk Mental Health Trust to develop a process for ensuring that
patients under the care of mental health services who require acute care, either planned or
as an emergency, have a clear pathway which includes agreed communication channels
between clinicians, to expedite that care and reduce any potential for distress. Together we
have developed a flow-diagram to describe this process which is being used with immediate
effect. | have attached a copy of this flow-chart for your information. We will monitor
adherence to this new agreed process via the regular operational liaison meetings between
our two trusts.

| would like to thank you for bringing your concerns to my attention. Please do not hesitate to
contact me if you require anything further.

Yours sincerely

Christine Allen
Chief Executive
Response from Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Trust (PDF)
. Ferrey Ua |
18 FEB 2016 Norfolk and Suffolk INHS|

NHS Foundation Trust
‘ Trust Management
4° Floor Admin
. Hellesdon Hospital
Drayton High Road
Hellesdon
Norwich
NR6 5BE

Tel: 01603 421102
Fax: 01603 421118

Our ref.ml/mp
15 February 2016

Ms J Lake

HM Coroner

Norfolk Coroner's Service
69-75 Thorpe Road
Norwich .

Norfolk

NR1 1UA

Dear Ms Lake
Regulation 28 report following the inquest of Mr Christopher Higgins

| write in response to your report dated 24 December 2015. Under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the
Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations
2013 you requested the Trust consider issues of service delivery following the conclusion of the
inquest into the death of Mr Christopher Higgins on 16 December 2015.

You identified four matters of concern. | will address these in order:

Observations ©

Your report identified that during the inquest staff reported areas of confusion regarding the action of
additional observations. The staff conveyed a lack of clarity regarding aspects such as arm’s length or
within eyesight. Following the inquest the Trust's Observation and Engagement of Service Users
policy has been reviewed and updated to reflect the néed for clarity in applying the observations as
intended. | enclose a copy of the policy. ,

Amending policy is one action, which must be followed by communication to ensure its adoption by all
staff. The Trust uses a range of communications including updates by email, within a Patient Safety
Newsletter and discussion at governance and leadership forums. Through this range of means, staff
are updated of the requirement to adapt practice.

Escorting/Transferring patients from one place to another when other services are involved.

Your report reflected the fact that Mr Higgins was transferred in the Police van back to the Fermoy
Unit without a member of mental health staff present. Accepting that in Mr Higgin’s case the travel
time and distance was small (within the site), the Trust acknowledges how important this cari be for
the patient. Therefore the Trust will be strengthening its policy direction (the policy is further

at boy, Chair: Gary E Page

$ “fe ay Chief Executive: Michael Scott

3 £ Vi MO LOVER Trust Headquarters: Hellesdon Hospital, Stonewall
PAG Drayton High Road, Norwich, NR6 5BE. DIVERSISY CHAMPION

Tel: 01603 421421 Fax: 01603 421440 www.nsft.nhs.uk

Ms Lake ~2-

referenced below) that staff should wherever possible, accompany the patient during the transfer.
There may be some limited instances where this is not possible on the grounds of safety but decisions
would be made in liaison with the other service involved.

Safety of the environment where the incident took place

Following the incident the Trust reviewed the railing that sits with the disabled access ramp, adding
additional height bars to reduce the likelihood that an individual could, from a standing position, jump
over the top of them.

Following the inquest the Trust has revisited the assessment of this area. Whilst there are mitigations
in place such as the heightened rail and access to the area by patients is made with supervision, the

' Trust has decided to fully enclose the ramp. This work has commenced and is proposed to be
completed by the end of March 2016 and removes the possibility of an individual jumping from the top
of the ramp area.

Agreement with acute hospitals to support timely assessment of the patient’s needs

In addition to writing to the Trust, you have communicated with the local acute hospitals in Norfolk with
the intention of raising to both services the consideration of how patients with mental health needs are
cared for in a timely and least distressing way:

The Trust is taking this matter further than the Norfolk acute hospitals instructing. managers based in
Suffolk to liaise with their acute hospital colleagues as well, Each area is working to create local
protocols which will be incorporated into policy. These are in progress and their completion will be
reported to the Trust board. :

. Thank you for bringing the matters to the Trust's attention. If | can be of any further assistance please
do not hesitate to contact me.

Yours sincerely

Michael Scott
‘Chief Executive

at ABQy, Chair: Gary E Page
Sees Chief Executive: Michael Scott
3 Vi Seonnertt Trust Headquarters: Hellesdon Hospital, Stonewall
Drayton High Road, Norwich, NR6 5BE DIVERSITY CHAMPION

. &
“isa Tel: 01603 421421 Fax: 01603 421440 wwwinsft.nhs.uk
Response from Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust (PDF)
- : - . 7 Ju Fu
2MAR 2016 The Queen Elizabeth Hospital INHS|
King’s Lynn .

NHS Foundation Trust a

The Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Gayton Road
Kings Lynn
Norfolk
PE30 4ET
www.qehklnhs.uk
Your ref: JL/sd .
. Legal Services
' Tel: 01553 613521
26 February 2016 Fax: 01553 613700
. Minicom: 01553 613888
Mrs. J. Lake,
The Coroner,
Norfolk Coroner’s Service
69 — 75 Thorpe Road
Norwich ;
Norfolk
NR1 1UA

- Dear Mrs. Lake,
Re: Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths following the Inquest: Mr Christopher Higgins

“lam writing to apologise that you did not receive a response to the Regulation 28 report
following the death of Mr Christopher Higgins within the timeframe set out in your letter of the
24 December 2015. We have been working closely with Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation
Trust to develop a referral pathway which will ensure in the future that inpatients from our local
mental health facility can access care and treatment in the Emergency Department in a timely
manner that limits stress to the individual concerned.

Norfolk and. Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust has.coordinated this work and has developed the
written pathway and flow diagram for staff, outlining a new referral route in which a potential
Emergency Department attendance is flagged with the department and a mutually agreed time
is arranged so that the patient can be seen immediately on arrival in the department. At the
time of the inquest our understanding was that the Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
were already in the process of liaising with local A&E Departments and thereafter drawing up a
joint response incorporating these local agreements and you may already have received further
details from them. We are pleased to say that this work is now complete.

The Trust currently experiences a significant level of attendance in the Emergency Department
from patients presenting with mental health problems or self-harm and as such is constantly
seeking ways to improve the experience for these patients. It is hoped that this planned
pathway for patients from an inpatient mental health bed will improve both the experience and
safety of this particular cohort of patients. :

alr: Edward Libbey Ne ait Mog,
Chief Executive: Dorothy Hosein GB, 84 oA Fivonewat

Patron: Her Malesty The Queen

. 29 February 2016 : The Queen Elizabeth Hospital King’s Lynn NHS Foundation Trust

| apologise once again that we did not respond within the required timeframe but would 'like to
assure you that your recommendations have been acted on and new measures agreed to
improve the safety of the process of transfer and the experience for the patient.

Yours sincerely,

Mrs. Dorothy Hosein
Chief Executive

Page 2 of 2

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