Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Ana Sirghi-Marin

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0005, written 9 Jan 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report9 Jan 2017
Reference2017-0005
DeceasedAna Sirghi-Marin
CoronerMary Hassell
Coroner areaInner North London
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28:  Prevention of Future Deaths report 

Ana Geanina SIRGHI-MARIN (died 29.07.16) 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1. 

2. 

Vice President, Clinical Quality 
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 
27 Sussex Place 
Regent’s Park 
London  NW1 4RG 

President 
British Maternal and Fetal Medicine Society 
27 Sussex Place 
Regent’s Park 
London  NW1 4RG 

1 

CORONER 

I am:   Coroner ME Hassell 
           Senior Coroner  
           Inner North London 
           St Pancras Coroner’s Court 
           Camley Street 
           London  N1C 4PP 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under the Coroners and Justice Act 2009,  
paragraph 7, Schedule 5, and  
The Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, 
regulations 28 and 29. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  2  August  2016,  I  commenced  an  investigation  into  the  death  of  Ana 
Geanina  Sirghi-Marin,  who  died  on  29  July  2016  aged  36  years.  The 
investigation  concluded  at  the  end  of  the  inquest  on  5  January  2017.    I 
made a determination at inquest as follows. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ana  Sirghi-Marin  died  because  of  a  naturally  occurring  uterine  infection, 
when she was sixteen weeks pregnant.  She had become pregnant by in 
vitro 
fertilisation  (IVF)  and  had  undergone  an  amniocentesis  at 
approximately 1pm on 27 July 2016. 

I recorded a medical cause of death of: 

1a  Escherichia coli sepsis 
1b  choriamnionitis 
1c  second trimester pregnancy. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

It appears that the amniotic E coli pre-dated the amniocentesis, as it was 
later determined to be present in the amniotic fluid drawn off that day. 

It  is  unclear  whether  conception  by  IVF  played  any  part  in  the  infective 
process.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During  the  course  of  the  inquest,  the  evidence  revealed  matters  giving 
rise to concern. In my opinion, there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless  action  is  taken.  In  the  circumstances,  it  is  my  statutory  duty  to 
report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  

The amniotic fluid drawn off at amniocentesis two days before death was 
neither purulent nor blood stained, but was discoloured dark yellow. 

Given  the  rarity  of  such  non  blood  stained  discolouration,  I  heard 
evidence  that  it  would  be  a  wise  precaution  in  this  situation  always  to 
send  a  sample  for  immediate  microbiological  analysis,  and  quickly  to 
follow up the result. 

I  say  always  because,  at  the  time  of  the  amniocentesis,  there  was  no 
fever or  other indicator of  infection,  yet  when  Ms  Sirghi-Marin  presented 
at  the  emergency  unit  the  following  afternoon  she  was  very  unwell,  and 
she died the next morning. 

Such  action  would  not  have  changed  the  outcome  in  this  instance, 
because presentation to the emergency unit took place approximately 26 
hours after the  amniocentesis.    However, it  might  in  another case.    And 
given  the  rarity  of  such  non  blood  stained  discoloured  amniotic  fluid,  a 
guideline that this action is necessary does not seem onerous. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In  my  opinion,  action  should  be  taken  to  prevent  future  deaths  and  I 
believe that you have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 13 March 2017.  I, the coroner, may extend the 
period. 

Your  response  must  contain  details  of  action  taken  or  proposed  to  be 
taken,  setting  out  the  timetable  for  action.  Otherwise  you  must  explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the following. 

  HHJ Mark Lucraft QC, the Chief Coroner of England & Wales 
  Care Quality Commission for England   
 
 
 

, Chief Medical Officer for England 
 Director, Homerton University Hospital 

, husband of Ana Sirghi-Marin 

I  am  also  under  a  duty  to  send  the  Chief  Coroner  a  copy  of  your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he  believes  may 
interest.  You  may  make 
representations to me, the Senior Coroner, at the time of your response, 
about  the  release  or  the  publication  of  your  response  by  the  Chief 
Coroner. 

it  useful  or  of 

find 

9 

DATE                                                   SIGNED BY SENIOR CORONER 

09.01.16 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Royal College of Obstetricians Gynaecologists (PDF)
Coroner M E Hassell 
Senior Coroner  
Inner North London  
St Pancras Coroner’s Court  
Camley Street  
LONDON  
N1C 4PP 

7 March 2017 

Dear Coroner Hassell, 

Re: Prevention of Future Deaths following Amniocentesis 

Thank you for your letter dated 9 January 2016.  In this you describe the death of a lady, Ana Geanina 
Sirghi-Marin, 2 days after an amniocentesis, during which the liquor was noted to be discoloured dark 
yellow but no action taken in response to this unusual appearance. The liquor was not purulent nor 
blood stained. You have recorded a medical cause of death of: 

  1a E-coli sepsis 
  1b Chorioamnionitis 
  1c Second Trimester Pregnancy 

Subsequently,  E-coli  was  grown  from  the  amniotic  fluid,  indicating  that  the  infection  predated  the 
amniocentesis.  

You have suggested a wise precaution in future cases – namely to send samples of non-blood stained 
discoloured amniotic fluid off for culture and quickly to follow-up the result. Although this may not 
have prevented the death in this case, in other cases it may do so.  

We note that you have not suggested that antibiotics might also have been administered in this case. 
Having read your summary, we think that this should also have been a consideration. Again, whilst it 
may not have prevented the maternal death, it might do so in future cases. 

Current guidelines on amniocentesis were published in 20101 and are due for a renewal. The risk of 
severe sepsis, including maternal death, is described with a risk < 1/1000 procedures quoted. Whilst 
emphasis is given to reducing skin contaminants or organisms present on the ultrasound probe and 
gel  by  decontamination  of  probes  between  patients,  and  following  standard  practice  to  avoid 
inadvertent puncture of the bowel, no discussion is made on the issue of the finding of discoloured or, 
for that matter, purulent fluid at amniocentesis. Similarly, the guideline does not mention whether 
prophylactic antibiotics are justified in all, or in special circumstances and if not, why not. 

We have discussed your recommendations with the joint chair of the Royal College of Obstetricians & 
Gynaecologists’ Guidelines Committee.  

They have informed us that the Coroner’s recommendations will be taken into consideration when the 
next revision of the Green-top guideline is issued, but in order to bring this matter to the attention of 
specialists performing amniocentesis more quickly, we would recommend that the Royal College of 
Obstetricians and Gynaecologists consider adding a prominent notice on their website (in particular 
on the page featuring the guideline for amniocentesis) encouraging doctors to consider sending  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 amniotic  fluid  for  bacteriological  examination  as  the  Coroner  has  suggested,  with  consideration  of 
antibiotic treatment if there is evidence of intra-amniotic infection. We suggest the wording of this 
notice should read: 

“If, on inspection of the amniotic fluid following amniocentesis, it has a cloudy or purulent appearance 
or the patient shows clinical features to suggest intra-amniotic infection, the operator should consider 
sending  a  small  quantity  of  amniotic  fluid  for  microbiological  analysis  and  consider  antibiotic 
treatment”. 

We  hope  that  the  above  action  is  a  satisfactory  and  appropriate  response  to  the  findings  of  your 
inquest. 

Yours sincerely 

On behalf of the British Maternal & Fetal Medicine Society 

RERERENCES 

1. 

RCOG. Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling. 2010; Green-top Guideline No 8.

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