Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Keith Hill

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0446, written 20 Dec 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report20 Dec 2019
Reference2019-0446
DeceasedKeith Hill
CoronerMary Hassell
Coroner areaInner North London
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28:  Prevention of Future Deaths report 

Keith HILL (died 27.06.19) 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Dr Alistair Chesser 

Chief Medical Officer 
Barts Health 
Royal London Hospital 
Whitechapel Road 
London  E1 1BB  

1 

CORONER 

I am:   Coroner ME Hassell 
           Senior Coroner  
           Inner North London 
           St Pancras Coroner’s Court 
           Camley Street 
           London  N1C 4PP 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under the Coroners and Justice Act 2009,  
paragraph 7, Schedule 5, and  
The Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, 
regulations 28 and 29. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  3  July  2019,  one  of  my  assistant  coroners,  Sarah  Bourke, 
commenced an investigation into the death of Keith Hill aged 71 years. 
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest yesterday.  

I made a determination at inquest that Keith Hill died from a combination 
of natural causes and the complications of medical treatment. 

I recorded a medical cause of death of: 

1a  general sepsis 
1b  obstructive ischaemic biliary stricture 
2    ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and renal failure. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mr Hill was admitted to the liver unit of the Royal London Hospital with a 
working diagnosis of biliary sepsis.  He had heart disease, diabetes and 
kidney failure. 

On  7  May  2019,  he  underwent  endoscopic  retrograde  cholangio-
pancreatography (an ERCP).  However, he remained very unwell.  His 
renal  impairment  deteriorated  and  he  was  put  on  haemodialysis.    The 
cause  of  the  ongoing  inflammation  of  his  liver  was  unclear.    He  was 
known to be at high risk for a liver biopsy, but it was considered there 
was no alternative to this. 

A transjugular biopsy was planned by the hepatologists because Mr Hill 
had  ascites,  but  the  interventional  radiologist  conducting  this  decided 
upon  a  percutaneous  approach  despite  its  higher  risk  of  bleeding, 
because  improvement  in  the  ascites  made  this  feasible.    The 
percutaneous approach is more likely to yield a successful sample.   

The biopsy was carried out on 24 May, but within a few hours Mr Hill had 
developed a bleed from the biopsy site, and later that same day he had 
to undergo a laparotomy to oversew the hole. 

He later suffered bowel haemorrhage and was treated repeatedly for this.  
Meanwhile, the biopsy had revealed intra hepatic biliary obstruction.   

On 24 June, the microbiologists advised the antifungal agent micafungin.  
The  hepatologists  considered  this  but  were  concerned  it  was  too 
hepatotoxic.    In  the  event,  Mr  Hill  deteriorated  and  on  25  June  a 
prescription for micafungin was written.  However, the prescription was 
never filled. 

Mr Hill died on 27 June 2019.   After his death, the results of his blood 
cultures demonstrated that he did not have fungal sepsis, so the failure 
to administer the micafungin had no impact in this instance.  Of course 
that might not be the case for another patient. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest, the evidence revealed matters giving 
rise to concern. In my opinion, there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless  action  is  taken.  In  the  circumstances,  it  is  my  statutory  duty  to 
report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.  When the plan changed and the transjugular liver biopsy became 
a  percutaneous  one,  there  was  no  communication  between  the 
interventional radiologist and the hepatologists.  Even if it had not 
changed  the  plan,  Mr  Hill’s  management  would  have  benefited 
from  a  robust  discussion  between  the  specialists  in  these  two 
fields, and an accurate record of the decision making. 

2.  Mr  Hill’s  medical  records  were  at  times  inadequate.    The 
microbiologists thought that the junior hepatologists were making 
a  record  and  vice  versa.    In  the  event,  neither  did.    Most 
specifically, following the repeated advice of the microbiologists, 
the decision to change the plan and to prescribe micafungin on 25 
June  was  not  documented,  it  was  simply  written  up  on  the 
prescription chart. 

3.  The junior pharmacist charged with dispensing the micafungin on 
the evening of 25 June recognised its toxicity to the liver and could 
not see from the medical record that Mr Hill’s liver function tests 
and hepatitis had been taken into account in the prescription.   

The  last  relevant  entry  in  the  medical  record  indicated  that  the 
micafungin should be held off.   

He  sought  senior  guidance.    However,  there  was  no  specialist 
hepatology pharmacist on the list of available contacts.   

Recognising  he  was  outside  his  expertise,  he  contacted  an 
intensive care specialist pharmacist, the on call microbiologist and 
the medical doctor looking after Mr Hill.  However, no decision was 
made regarding the micafungin and so it was simply not given.   

A professor of hepatology was on call and knew Mr Hill’s situation 
well,  but  he  was  not  contacted  by  the  ward  doctor  (or  by  the 
microbiologist or a senior pharmacist).   

Despite improvements to the availability of senior pharmacists on 
call  at  the  Royal London  Hospital,  concern  remains  about  night 
time  care  and  proper  scrutiny  of  prescriptions.    Junior  medical 
staff do not appear to be sufficiently supported in this. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In  my  opinion,  action  should  be  taken  to  prevent  future  deaths  and  I 
believe that you have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 24 February 2020.  I, the coroner, may extend 
the period. 

Your  response  must  contain  details  of  action  taken  or proposed  to  be 
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the following. 

  HHJ Mark Lucraft QC, the Chief Coroner of England & Wales  
 
  Professor 

r, consultant hepatologist 

, partner of Keith Hill 

I  am  also  under  a  duty  to  send  the  Chief  Coroner  a  copy  of  your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he  believes  may  find  it  useful  or  of  interest.  You  may  make 
representations to me, the Senior Coroner, at the time of your response, 
about  the  release  or  the  publication  of  your  response  by  the  Chief 
Coroner. 

9 

DATE                                                  SIGNED BY SENIOR CORONER 

20.12.19 

4

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Barts NHS Trust R (PDF)
Royal London Hospital 
Room 007 
Floor 10 South Tower 
www.bartshealth.nhs.uk 

Coroner ME Hassell  
Senior Coroner  
Inner North London  
St Pancras Coroner’s Court  
Camley Street  
London N1C 4PP  

Dear Ms Hassell 

I am writing in response to the Prevention of Future Deaths report regarding the death of Keith Hill at 
the Royal London Hospital on 27 June 2019. 
There are three matters of concern: 

When the plan changed and the transjugular liver biopsy became a percutaneous one, there was no 
communication between the interventional radiologist and the hepatologists. Even if it had not changed 
the plan, Mr Hill’s management would have benefited from a robust discussion between the specialists 
in these two fields, and an accurate record of the decision making.  

This case has led to a review of how decisions are discussed and documented between the treating team 
and the interventional radiology team. There are regular and documentated discussions in the MDT 
meeting between the medical teams and the interventional radiologists; in addition there are 
conversations between referring teams and the interventional radiologists if non-elective patients are 
being treated without having been through a formal MDTdiscussion.  
In this context it is agreed between all clinical teams that at the time of the procedure the interventional 
radiologists will decide as to how to proceed based on their clinical knowledge, experience and the 
clinical situation at that point.  Further conversations with the referring team at this point and in this case 
would not have changed the procedure performed.  
However, if the planned procedure proves impossible, or by the time the patient arrives in the IR theatre 
the patient has had a significant change in condition, the radiologist would contact the referring team. 
All significant decisions should be documented in the patient record. The importance of this has been 
reinforced. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mr Hill’s medical records were at times inadequate. The microbiologists thought that the junior 
hepatologists were making a record and vice versa. In the event, neither did. Most specifically, 
following the repeated advice of the microbiologists, the decision to change the plan and to prescribe 
micafungin on 25 June was not documented, it was simply written up on the prescription chart.  

Note keeping has been reviewed by the consultant body and there has been agreement that the quality of 
note keeping must always meet the standards of best practice. There will be regular audits of note 
keeping at the monthly M&M meeting to drive and maintain improvement.  

The junior pharmacist charged with dispensing the micafungin on the evening of 25 June recognised its 
toxicity to the liver and could not see from the medical record that Mr Hill’s liver function tests and 
hepatitis had been taken into account in the prescription.  
The last relevant entry in the medical record indicated that the micafungin should be held off.  
He sought senior guidance. However, there was no specialist hepatology pharmacist on the list of 
available contacts.  
Recognising he was outside his expertise, he contacted an intensive care specialist pharmacist, the on 
call microbiologist and the medical doctor looking after Mr Hill. However, no decision was made 
regarding the micafungin and so it was simply not given.  
A professor of hepatology was on call and knew Mr Hill’s situation well, but he was not contacted by 
the ward doctor (or by the microbiologist or a senior pharmacist).  
Despite improvements to the availability of senior pharmacists on call at the Royal London Hospital, 
concern remains about night time care and proper scrutiny of prescriptions. Junior medical staff do not 
appear to be sufficiently supported in this. 

Following this case, the hepatology team have reiterated to the junior doctors on the team the 
availability of consultant support and have ensured that the switchboard contact details and ward 'white 
board' is up to-date. This will also be repeated during the induction training of new medical juniors and 
the consultants are stressing to their trainees the importance of escalation.  

Since October 2019, the Pharmacy Department has instituted a positive change in the out of hours 
clinical support provided to junior pharmacists on-call.There is now a published rota, where each 
evening there is an accountable senior pharmacist off-site who is available to discuss and provide advice 
and resolution for any complex patients or issues. This includes advising on the need for specialist 
clinical advice and escalating where necessary.  This support ensures our junior pharmacists and patients 
benefit from expert senior clinical pharmacy advice out of hours as well as during the normal working 
day. Pharmacists have reported in their monthly meetings that they now feel very well supported and 
having a named point of contact out of hours provides much needed discussion and advice when 
necessary. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Yours sincerely 

Consultant Anaesthetist  
Medical Director RLH 
Responsible Officer Barts Health

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