Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2020

Anthony Carroll

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2020-0018, written 8 Jan 2020. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report8 Jan 2020
Reference2020-0018
DeceasedAnthony Carroll
CoronerAndre Rebello
Coroner areaLiverpool and Wirral
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards) · Road (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

National Police Chiefs' Council,
1st Floor, 10 Victoria Street,
London SW1H 0NN

1 CORONER

I am Andre REBELLO, Senior Coroner for the area of Liverpool and Wirral

2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 31/12/2018 I commenced an investigation into the death of Anthony Carroll aged 70. The
investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 08 January 2020. The conclusion of the
inquest was:

Road Traffic Collision

The medical Cause of death was found as:

Ia Multiple injuries

4 CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH – Found by the Jury
Anthony Carroll was a local, well-liked Liverpool man. He was on his way home from the Throstles
Nest public house at 18:40 on 25/12/2018, having celebrated Christmas Day with his family earlier
that day. Anthony headed Northbound on Scotland Road A59, Liverpool.
Having not used the pedestrian crossing immediately available outside the Throstles Nest, for
reasons unknown, Anthony walked a short distance and crossed the carriageway, on to the central
reservation, where he continued to walk along, heading Northbound.
A police vehicle Peugeot 308 in the local area, was responding to an emergency call, received at
18:48. Action took by this police officer was to action blue lights, and what he thought was sounding
sirens- although sirens were not actually activated along with deploying blue lights-as well as
increasing speed from 30 mph up to 63 mph to arrive at place of emergency as soon as possible,
heading North up Scotland Road A59.
At that time Anthony had arrived on foot approximately 10 metres away from the second pedestrian
crossing on Scotland Road, near Hopwood Street, in the central reservation. The police vehicle at
this time was in lane 3, 190 metres away. Although the area was well lit here, Anthony was wearing
dark clothing, carrying a red bag with him.
Anthony stopped and looked left, to check for oncoming traffic for 3 seconds, while standing on the
central reservation, at which point the police vehicle was 190 metres away from him.
Anthony then steps on to the carriageway, still looking to his left, southbound, towards oncoming
traffic. After being in the carriageway 1.3 seconds, Anthony was struck by the police vehicle, at 47
mph. The police officer driving the vehicle carried out an emergency stop in a split second, slightly
swerving to his left in doing so, but unfortunately had already collided with Anthony.
Both police officers immediately got out of the vehicle to attend to Anthony, after radioing for
paramedics. One officer attempted to resuscitate Anthony, and was assisted by an off-duty
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) who was on his way home from work. The EMT found
Anthony to be unresponsive at this time.
A senior paramedic arrived on scene in 6-7 minutes, who performed CPR and advanced medical
techniques on Anthony.

 Anthony was put on a stretcher and taken by ambulance with blue lights on at 19:21, to the trauma
centre in University Hospital Aintree, where he was pronounced dead at 19:40.
Under these prevailing circumstances, there was no opportunity for the collision to be avoided.
During the post mortem toxicology report, Anthony’s blood alcohol level was found to be 308mg per
100ml.

5 CORONER’S CONCERNS

The MATTERS OF CONCERNS are as follows: (brief summary of matters of concern)

1. During the Course of evidence, it was apparent that the public might be under a

misapprehension that police emergency vehicles responding to an emergency are limited
to 20 mph above the designated speed limit for the Road has there been publicity that
vehicles need to respond safely as quickly as possible. If not, is this under consideration?

2. During the Course of evidence, the police driver and the police passenger believed the

sirens were activated and sounding. Analysis of the Siemens VDO Incident Data Recorder
demonstrated that in the heat of the emergency both were mistaken and the sirens were
not activated. Has a warning light in the cab been considered as a visual indicator or the
lights and siren being activated been considered?

6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN
In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or your
organisation) have the power to take such action.

7 YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 04 March 2020.

I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

8 COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons

The family of Mr Carroll
Merseyside Police

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may
send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may
make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the release or the
publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9

Andre REBELLO
Senior Coroner for

 Liverpool and Wirral
Dated: 08 January 2020

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Npcc (PDF)
Andre Rebello 
Senior Coroner for Liverpool & Wirral 
Gerard Majella Courthouse 
Boundary Street 
LIVERPOOL 
L5 2QD 

Date: 3rd March 2020 
Your ref 03635-2018 

Response to Regulation 28 Notice – Inquest into death of Mr Anthony Carroll 

Dear Mr Rebello, 

Please accept this correspondence in response to your Regulation 28 Report to 
Prevent Future Deaths, dated 8 January 2020, following the Inquest touching the death 
of Mr Anthony Carroll on 25 December 2018.    

I write on behalf of the National Police Chiefs Council and in my capacity as the chief 
officer with responsibility for police driving matters. 

Within your report you raised two matters of concern.  I have repeated those matters 
for ease and provided a full response to both concerns. 

During the course of evidence, it was apparent that the public might be under a 
misapprehension that police emergency vehicles responding to an emergency 
are limited to 20 mph above the designated speed limit for the road. Has there 
been publicity that vehicles need to respond safely as quickly as possible? If 
not, is this under consideration? 

Emergency services have a speed limit exemption under Section 87, Road Traffic 
Regulation Act 1984, which states:  

‘No statutory provision imposing a speed limit on motor vehicles shall apply to any 
vehicle on an occasion when it is being used for fire and rescue authority, for 
ambulance purposes or police purposes, if the observance of that provision would be 
likely to hinder the use of the vehicle for the purpose for which it is being used on that 
occasion.’ 

The appropriateness of exceeding the speed limit under this exemption is determined 
by the prevailing circumstances, environmental conditions, driver qualification and the 
vehicle concerned. There will be times that it would be unsafe to travel at or in excess 
of a speed limit even in an emergency.  There will also regularly be circumstances 
where exceeding the speed limit is both justifiable and acceptable.   

1st Floor, 10 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0NN T 020 7084 8950 F 020 7084 8951 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Whilst a small number of Police forces do have a policy of observing a 20mph cap on 
designated speed limits, the majority of forces do not.  The 20mph cap is not being 
considered for adoption as a national policy because adopting a single approach does 
not adequately reflect the dynamic assessment and considerations a trained police 
driver would need to apply to each scenario where excess speed under the exemption 
is justifiable and lawful.   

As I refer to above, the lawfulness of the exemption is dependent upon the prevailing 
circumstances as the driver determines them to be at that time.  For these reasons, the 
NPCC therefore has no plans currently to undertake any publicity around the 
exemption allowing police vehicles to safely exceed the speed limit. 

During the course of evidence, the police driver and the police passenger 
believed the sirens were activated and sounding. Analysis of the Siemens VDO 
Incident Data Recorder demonstrated that in the heat of the emergency both 
were mistaken and the sirens were not activated. Has a warning light in the cab 
been considered as a visual indicator or the lights and siren being activated 
been considered? 

A picture of the emergency lighting control panel is included in the Collison 
Investigation report submitted by 
3.6).  The top of two rows of buttons can be seen in the bottom left hand corner of the 
photograph where the control panel is built into the dashboard fascia of the Peugeot 
patrol car.  

 (page 42. Photograph 

When the buttons are pressed to activate the emergency equipment (lights and 
sirens), these buttons should illuminate to display the activation of the function.  The 
vehicle horn button built into the steering wheel of most cars  is also the standard 
means of activating and cycling through the siren functions (silent/yelp/wail/two-
tone/blast - dependent on model fitted), which requires the driver to select using their 
thumbs (whilst holding the steering wheel) to activate the modes required during an 
emergency response drive. 

Although many police response vehicles are similar throughout the United Kingdom, 
not all of the emergency equipment or control units are standardised within these 
vehicles.  They all have a control panel or switches to operate the emergency 
equipment and usually a corresponding light to indicate that the equipment has been 
activated.  This is described as a warning light and serves in addition to the noise and 
pressure waves of the sirens themselves.  

The expectation and requirement placed upon the officers, reiterated throughout their 
training, is that they concentrate on their emergency driving and upon the road and 
hazards ahead, and the imposition of any additional visual distraction within the cab of 
the vehicle could be detrimental to that. As such, there is no current national proposal 
to add further indicators for equipment activation to the national police vehicle 
specifications. 

Thank you for raising these issues with us for consideration. 

Yours sincerely 

Deputy Chief Constable 
Lancashire Constabulary 
NPCC Lead for Police Driving

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