Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Bertram Crawford

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2020-0130, written 17 Dec 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report17 Dec 2018
Reference2020-0130
DeceasedBertram Crawford
CoronerMaria Voisin
Coroner areaAvon
CategoryOther related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

M. E. Voisin  
 Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner 
Area of Avon 

13th December 2018 

REF: 12849 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:   

Suspension Bridge Trustees  

1 

CORONER 

I am M. E. Voisin, Senor Coroner  for the  Area of Avon 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 05/12/2018 I commenced an investigation into the death of Bertram Montague Henry Crawford. The 
investigation is ongoing.  

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 
I am currently aware that he was seen to walk alone onto the Clifton Suspension Bridge, then, just before 
reaching the half way point he stopped climbed over the wire fence and jumped to his death.  
The details as I said are still being investigated but this is what I am currently aware of.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of this investigation the evidence has revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my 
opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my 
statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

This is the 3rd student death from the bridge this year, it being the 4th student death from the bridge in 
two years. This is obviously on top of the other deaths from the bridge that have occurred. I appreciate 
that the bridge is a site of historical interest however, this cluster of student deaths is of particular 
concern and I considered that I had a duty to formally report this to you.  

Telephone 01275 461920  
Email AvonCoronersTeam@bristol.gcsx.gov.uk         Website www.avon-coroner.com 
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power to take 
such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 12th 
February 2019. I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for 
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following interested persons  

  NOK of Bertie Crawford (deceased) 
  NOK of Benjamin Murray (deceased) 
  NOK of Alex Elsmore (deceased) 
  NOK of Lara Nosiru (deceased) 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a 
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

17/12/2018 

Signature_________________________ 
  Area of Avon 

Telephone 01275 461920  
Email AvonCoronersTeam@bristol.gcsx.gov.uk         Website www.avon-coroner.com 
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Suspension Bridge Trust (PDF)
CLIFTON  SUSPENSION  BRIDGE  TRUST 

Bridge Master 

Clifton Suspension Bridge 
Leigh Woods,  Bristol, BS8 3PA 

Bridge Master:  0117 973  15 79 

Ms  M.E Voisin 
Senior Coroner 
The Coroner's Court 
Old Weston Road 
Flax Bourton 
Bristol BS48 1 UL 

Dear Madam, 

Regulation 28 Report 

Clerk to the Trustees 
T J Baines 

Clifton Suspension  Bridge 
Leigh Woods 
Bristol,  BS8 3PA 

11 th  February 2019 

I am writing in  response to the letter dated 20th  December 2018 and your Regulation 28 Report 
to  Prevent Future Deaths. 

You  have asked for details of action taken or proposed to be taken, to prevent further deaths 
at the Clifton Suspension Bridge.  I have set out below the actions we have already taken and 
those that we are planning. 

The Trust is very aware of the rising  mental health issues in the UK and  in Bristol. The bridge 
is seen  as the last resort for some people and in 2018 alone our bridge attendants intervened 
in  over 180 incidents, where vulnerable people had come to the bridge in distress. These 
numbers are not publicised.  However, we are acutely aware that we are not able to  help 
everyone and indeed,  not everyone wants to be helped,  and that is of concern to  us. 

We do not seek acknowledgement or credit for the work of our bridge attendants.  However,  it 
was greatly appreciated when  last year, Avon & Somerset Police Chief Constable-
-and  the Police Commissioner 
for their work with vulnerable people at a ceremony at the bridge. 

commended our bridge attendants 

The numbers of vulnerable people our bridge attendants are dealing with each year is 
increasing,  but the number of suicides has remained fairly stable. There are a minimum of two 
bridge attendants in  attendance at the bridge at all times,  carrying  out regular foot patrols and 
monitoring the CCTV cameras.  I am  not aware of any other bridge or location which  has 
similar full time surveillance or patrols. This work has become a major part of the bridge 
attendants' role. The bridge attendants are trained in  negotiation skills,  suicide awareness and 
next month they will  be trained  in  Safe Intervention Training,  similar to that used in  hospitals. 

Email:  bridgemaster@cliftonbridge.org.uk 
Incorporated under 1he Cliflon Suspension  Bridge Act 1952 

www.cliftonbridge.org.uk 
Registered Charity Number 205658 

L.WESTOR IN PUOPLU 

 /"''''°/ 

< L,fTOJ/SUSPENSIOI!  >\i,Ol)f,f  THUil 

Current Arrangements and Future Actions 

We currently have a team  of three bridge attendants during the day and two at night. We are 
planning to increase the number of bridge attendants to three present at night, as current 
statistics indicate that this  is when the most incidents occur.  This change is  in the planning 
process and we will  be aiming to implement this  later in 2019 as part of our suicide prevention 
improvements. 

The bridge is monitored by  31  CCTV cameras in real-time. All areas of the bridge are covered 
by these cameras.  In 2018, we increased the proportion of high definition,  low light tolerant 
cameras,  with thermal imaging for viewing  at night. We have been investing in these state-of-
the-art facilities to  help us  monitor activities on the bridge as well as we possibly can.  In 
addition,  the cameras are  linked to alarms that alert Bridge Attendants to pedestrians on the 
bridge between the hours of midnight and  5.00am. 

Samaritan signs are installed on  both towers and can be seen by  anyone coming to the bridge. 
There are also  phone boxes located at each end of the bridge, with the Freephone number to 
the  Samaritans displayed.  Recently, we have installed lighting to illuminate the Samaritan 
signs throughout the night. 

There is  a quiet room at the  Clifton side of the bridge where people in distress can sit in  private 
while waiting for the emergency services to arrive.  This is being rebuilt at present and once 
completed will  be more comfortable than the current arrangements.  Leaflets offering relevant 
support are available in this room. 

We also work closely with the emergency services, the Samaritans and  local authorities and 
we have seats on  both the Avon Gorge Working Group and Bristol City Council's Suicide 
Prevention and Audit Group (SPAG). We also continuously share information and experience 
with our network of operators of long  span bridges both in the UK and  internationally.  Our 
Bridge Master represents the 'long span bridges' group on the Bridge Owners Forum at 
Cambridge University. 

Physical measures are also in  place: 

Anti-climb barriers on the span were installed in  1999 and  have been considered best practice 
by many bridge owners. They are higher than the average for bridges at 1.9m high and are 
fitted with  anti-climb mesh  on the footway side of the barriers. 

In 2006, we upgraded the  lighting on the bridge and  both footways and  buttresses are 
continuously lit throughout the night, with lights also present at all entrances to the bridge. 

In 2012,  mesh panels were installed on the outside ends of the parapet fences to prevent 
access onto the span. 

In 2013,  we installed a half-corona barrier on the Clifton South abutment to prevent access to 
the bridge span along the abutment ledge. 

Email:  bridgemaster@cliftonbridge.org.uk 
Incorporated under the Clifton Suspension Bridge Act 1952 

www.cliftonbridge.org.uk 
Registered Charity Number 205658 

()

INVESTOR IN PllOPLil 

 In 2017, we installed covers to the end parapet posts to restrict foothold  access onto the 
buttress walls. 

We are acutely aware of the importance of reducing access to means for those who wish to 
attempt suicide.  In addition to increasing the number of bridge attendants at night, over the last 
two years we have been  planning further substantial physical improvements to the bridge. 

The decision to add further physical measures to the bridge is,  however, a complex one. There 
must be a balance between the measures to be taken and  allowing the bridge to be enjoyed 
by the hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Installing further physical  barriers will have 
an impact on the structure of the bridge and we must ensure that any changes are not 
detrimental to its safety.  We are also severely constrained by planning constraints imposed on 
us  by Historic England. Any changes we want to make require their approval. 

All the changes we have made to the bridge have to comply with latest legislation and require 
Planning Permission from the two Planning Authorities and Conservation Officers.  Planning 
considerations include the desirability to preserve the structure, the setting of the structure and 
the features that are special  on the structure. We are now working on the final stages of the 
next phase of our plan, to press ahead with the most extensive suicide prevention 
improvements to the Clifton Suspension Bridge for 20 years. We are determined to get these 
improvements in  place as soon as possible and we will be seeking support from a wide range 
of stakeholders across the Bristol area. 

These plans include the extending of the height of the parapet anti-climb fencing  over the span 
and  building a walkway beneath each of the buttresses.  The walkway seeks to balance the 
changes to the bridge that will deter or mitigate suicide attempts and at the same time 
enhancing the structure for those that visit it.  We do not expect this to be an easy process, as 
we need to be certain that both are feasible structurally - dealing with wind loading plays a 
huge part in any structural modifications to the bridge,  and visibly- navigating planning and 
Historic England's approvals. 

I understand this request is specifically regarding the student deaths at the bridge. I would like 
to take this opportunity to express our condolences to the families and friends of those who 
have died. 

We will keep you  informed on the progress of the above measures, and it you have any 
queries please do not hesitate to contact either myself of the Bridge Master. 

Chairman 

For and on  behalf of the 
Clifton Suspension Bridge Trust 
(Signed on Chairman's behalf by the Bridge Master) 

Email:  bridgemaster@cliftonbridge.org.uk 
Incorporated under the Clifton Suspension Bridge Act 1962 

www.cliftonbridge.org.uk 
Registered Charily Number 205658 

()...... 

INVI!Sl'OR IN PBOPLB

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