Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2020

Sarah Gibbs

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2020-0220, written 29 Oct 2020. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report29 Oct 2020
Reference2020-0220
DeceasedSarah Gibbs
CoronerJacqueline Lake
Coroner areaNorfolk
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Emergency Services related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

. 
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 
Chief Executive Officer 
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
Colney Lane
Norwich 
NR4 7UY 

1.  CORONER 

I am Jacqueline LAKE, Senior Coroner for the area of Norfolk 

2.  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3.  INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

Aspiration of Gastric Contents 
Vomiting 

On 25/04/2019 I commenced an investigation into the death of Sarah Nadine Louise GIBBS  aged 38. 
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 26/10/2020.  The medical cause of death 
was: 
1a) 
1b) 
1c) 
1d) 
2 

Acute Peritonitis Following Recent Insertion of PEG tube to Assist Nutrition (in patient with 
learning disabilities and epilepsy) 

The conclusion of the inquest was: Sarah Gibbs died shortly after returning home following a medical 
procedure. 

4.  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Sarah Gibbs had learning disabilities, lacked mental capacity and had difficulty feeding.  She 
underwent a PEG operation on 16 April 2019. Sarah was discharged home on 17 April 2019. The 
result of an earlier blood test was not known and she was not seen by a Doctor immediately prior to 
discharge. Later that day, Sarah became unresponsive and emergency services were called.  A 
defibrillator was not able to be accessed. Sarah was pronounced dead at the scene. 

5.  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest, the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.  In my opinion 
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken.  In the circumstances, it is my 
statutory duty to report to you. 

The matters of concern are as follows: 

Concerns were raised during the inquest with regard to communication between teams, particularly to 
the staff on duty at night as to what information was handed over. Evidence was heard of an easy to 
use form of communication tool which enables information to be transferred  accurately, especially at 
handover time, between nurses and clinicians, known as SBARD. This helps in reducing the 
likelihood for errors in communication information. 

It was not known whether this tool is in use although it was “hoped” it is being used. This is some 
eighteen months following Miss Gibbs’s death. 

6.  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

 In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe your organisation has the 
power to take such action. 

7.  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 24 December 2020.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 
Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable 
for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8.  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons: 

Mr and Mrs Gibbs, (Parents) 

I have also sent it to: 
Department of Health 
Care Quality Commission 
HSIB 
Healthwatch Norfolk 

who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.  He may 
send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest.  You may 
make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the release or the 
publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9.  Dated: 29 October 2020 

Jacqueline LAKE
Senior Coroner for Norfolk 
Norfolk Coroner Service 
Carrow House 
301 King Street 
Norwich  NR1 2TN

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (PDF)
.  Our  Vision 

0 To provide every patient 

with  the care we want 
for those we  love  the most 

Norfolk and  Norwich  university  Hospitals  [I] 

NHS  Foundation Trust 

Office of the Chief Executive 
Norfolk &  Norwich  University Hospitals 
NHS  Foundation Trust 
Norwich  Research  Park 
Colney Lane 
Norwich  NR4 ?UY 

Private &  Confidential 
Mrs Jacqueline Lake 
Senior Coroner 
Norfolk Coroner's Service 
County Hall 
Martineau  Lane 
Norwich  NR1  2DH 

14 December 2022 

Dear Mrs  Lake 

Sarah  Nadine  Louise GIBBS 

I  write  to  formally  respond  to  the  Regulation  28:  Report  to  Prevent  Future  Deaths 
I  apologise on  behalf of the Trust for 
issued  following  this  inquest  in  October 2020. 
  (Trust 
the  delay:  no  disrespect  was  intended. 
Solicitor)  has already written to your team to explain  how this occurred. 
It is  now my 
intention to provide you with the information that was originally collated and to update 
you with  regards to the position  now. 

I  understand  that 

During  the  inquest,  a  concern  was  raised  "with  regard  to  communication  between 
teams,  particularly to  the  staff on  duty at night as  to  what information  was  handed 
over.  Evidence was heard of an easy to use form of communication tool which enables 
information to be transferred accurately,  especially at handover time,  between nurses 
and clinicians,  known  as  SBARD.  This  helps  in  reducing the  likelihood for errors  in 
communication  information.  It was not known  whether this  tool is  in  use  although  it 
was "hoped" it is being used." 

December 2020 

SBARD  is  a  structured  form  of communication  that consists  of standardised  prompt 
questions  in  four  sections:  S  (Situation);  8  (Background);  A  (Assessment)  and  R 
(Recommendation). 

It can  also include a final  section,  D  (Decision). 

As  at  December  2020,  staff  were  encouraged  and  trained  to  use  SBARD  as  a 
In  some  areas,  there  were  posters 
communication  method  across  the  hospital. 
displaying  how the  tool  benefits  communication  and  what the  tool  is  with  the  steps 
clearly laid  out.  These were first issued  by the Critical  Care Outreach Team. 

SBARD  was  consistently  used  for  the  presentation  of cases  to  SIG  and  providing 
information  in  response  to  enquiries  for  the  CQC.  There  was  not  the  evidence 

 
 
 available  to  provide  assurance  that  this  communication  tool  was  in  consistent  and 
regular  use with  patient facing  teams for escalating  concerns. 

The Trust was  also  planning  to  undertake  a  large  scale digital  improvement project to 
implement  eObs  and  a  clinical  messaging  system  to  improve  the  escalation  of 
deteriorating  patients to  response teams. 
In  addition,  we were  planning to expand  the 
Recognise  and  Respond  team  with  their  remit to  include training  and  education. 

December 2022 

SBARD  is  integrated  into the  patient  handover  used  by the wards  at every  handover. 
There  is  a  template  document  used  with  each  section  of  the  SBAR  tool  to  be 
completed  by  staff.  This  has  been  in  place  at the  Trust for approximately  18  months. 

EObs  has  been  introduced  at the  Trust. 

Since  June  2021,  the  Recognise  and  Response  Team  (RRT)  has  been  expanded  to 
provide  their  services  24/7.  The  RRT  works  across  inpatient  wards  responding  to 
acutely  deteriorating  patients,  attending  resuscitation  calls  in  the  hospital  as  well  as 
delivering  education,  training  and  quality  improvement projects. 

The  RRT  lead  in  the  education  and  training  of  Trust  staff  in  the  assessment  and 
management of acutely  unwell  patients,  providing  basic, 
intermediate  and  advanced 
resuscitation  courses  and  bespoke  acute  deteriorating  patient  courses  for  medical 
students,  doctors,  nurses,  midwives  and  HCAs.  The  RRT  teach  SBARD  on  all  new 
staff  inductions;  Assess,  Communicate,  Treat  Courses;  ALERT  course;  HCA  study 
day;  and  BEACH  course,  as  well  as  ad  hoc  ward  training.  The t eam  are  about  to 
launch  a  new  NEWS2  e-learning  course which  also teaches  SBARD. 

I  hope the  information  provided  within  this  letter  reassures  you  about the  steps taken 
to  implement  SBARD  into  our  processes  and  to  improve  communication  between 
teams. 

Yours  sincerely 

Chief Executive

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