Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

James Emmerson

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0002, written 5 Jan 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report5 Jan 2022
Reference2022-0002
DeceasedJames Emmerson
CoronerSean Cummings
Coroner areaBedfordshire and Luton
CategoryMental Health related deaths · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Other related deaths · Community health care
Organisation namedEast London NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Senior Coroner - Emma Whitting 
Bedfordshire & Luton 
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

, Chief Executive, Association of Directors of Adult Social Services 

, Chief Executive, Royal College of Psychiatrists 
Sajid Javid, Secretary of State for Health and Social Care 

, Chief Executive East London NHS Foundation Trust 

, Director of Social Care, Health and Housing, Central Bedfordshire 

1 

CORONER 

I am Dr Séan Cummings, Assistant Coroner for the area of the Bedfordshire and Luton 
Coroner Service. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this Report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On Seventh February 2019 I commenced an Investigation into the death of James 
EMMERSON aged 23. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 
Fourteenth April 2021. The conclusion of the inquest was Narrative Conclusion - Jamie 
Emmerson died at his home address on the 3rd February 2019 after 

Ib 
Ic 
II 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 
James Emmerson, known as Jamie to friends and family was a young man with complex 
mental health issues. He had been viciously assaulted as an adolescent resulting in post 
traumatic stress disorder and also was diagnosed with emotionally unstable personality 
disorder. The combination meant that he found difficulty in establishing lasting 
relationships including with mental health professionals. That in turn meant that when 
he did present they were acute crisis presentations. He was detained under s 136 of the 
Mental Health Act on the 1st February 2019 at the Luton and Dunstable Hospital 
Section 136 suite on Jade Ward. The Mental Health Act s 136 is clear as to the 
procedure to be followed. It was not followed and Jamie was not seen by an Approved 

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 Mental Health Professional before his section 136 detention was discharged.  The 
reason for this was an erroneous reliance on an ambiguity in the Code of Practice: 
Mental Health Act 1983 (section 16:50). He was discharged and as a result of an assault 
on police officers, was detained at the Luton Police Custody Suite and after interview 
and charge was released as required. He died on the 3rd February by hanging.  I could 
not satisfy myself, on the balance of probabilities after hearing all the evidence that he 
intended suicide. His life was characterised by impetuous actions from which I formed 
the view that he believed he would be rescued. I believe he misjudged events on this 
final occasion. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the Inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows : 

1.  Confusion generated by the Department of Health Guide “Mental Health Act 

1983 Code of Practice” (“The Code”). 

The Mental Health Act 1983 is the relevant Act under which persons may be 
assessed or detained when they are suspected or diagnosed as having one of a 
number of mental disorders. 

Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 is a power which allows police 
officers to remove a person who is in a place to which the public have access to 
a place of safety. Many mental health facilities have designated “section 136 
suites” where the detained person can be taken for assessment. Jamie was in a 
public place when his psychiatric needs assessed by police were such that he 
needed to be taken to a place of safety. He was taken to the section 136 suite at 
the Luton and Dunstable University Hospital. 

Section 136 (2) MHA 1983 provides that “A person removed to or kept at a place 
of safety under this section may be detained there for ………. the purpose of 
enabling him to be examined by a registered medical practitioner and to be 
interviewed by an approved mental health professional and of making any 
necessary arrangements for his treatment or care”. 

“The Code” (s 16.25) states: “The purpose of removing a person to a place of 
safety in these circumstances is only to enable the person to be examined by a 
doctor and interviewed by an AMHP, so that the necessary arrangements can be 
made for the person’s care and treatment. 

“The Code” (s16.27) states: “The person should be assessed by a doctor and 
interviewed by an AMHP as soon as possible after the person is brought to the 
place of safety.” 

Jamie was never examined by an AMPH only by a lone section 12 approved 

Bedfordshire and Luton Coroner Service 

 | FAX 

 junior doctor and he was discharged from his s.136. 

In answer to the question as to why he was not examined by an AMPH s 16.50 
of “The Code” was relied on which states: “If a doctor assesses the person and 
concludes that the person is not suffering from a mental disorder then the 
person must be discharged, even if not seen by an AMHP.” 

This was interpreted as meaning that assessment by an AMPH was not a 
required formality. This was a deeply flawed interpretation but it is possible to 
see where the ambiguity arises. 

I was told that this arrangement was “custom and practice” in Bedfordshire and 
Luton and also in other areas. Whether it was custom and practice or not I 
consider that the arrangement contravened both the spirit and the letter of the 
Mental Health Act 1983. It exposed patients to significant risk, including that of 
self harm or suicide by failing to provide adequate assessment prior to discharge 
from s. 136 detention. I was told that the position in Bedfordshire and Luton 
had been regularised by the time of the Inquest but I have no knowledge as to 
practice in the “other areas” referred to. 

Bedfordshire and Luton Coroner Service 

 | FAX 

 6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you: 

, Chief Executive, Association of Directors of Adult Social Services 

, Chief Executive, Royal College of Psychiatrists 
, Secretary of State for Health and Social Care 

have the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 02 March 2022. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons [1] 
Police [3] 
Council [4] 

, Chief Constable, Bedfordshire 
, Director of Social Care, Health and Housing, Central Bedfordshire 
, Chief Executive, East London NHS Foundation Trust. 

, Jamie’s mother [2] 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your Response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of 
your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
Coroner. 

9 

Dr Séan Cummings 
Assistant Coroner 
Bedfordshire and Luton Coroner Service 
5th January 2022 

Bedfordshire and Luton Coroner Service 

 | FAX

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