Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Tedros Kahssay

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0437, written 6 Dec 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report6 Dec 2016
Reference2016-0437
DeceasedTedros Kahssay
CoronerMary Hassell
Coroner areaInner North London
CategoryState Custody related deaths · Suicide (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28:  Prevention of Future Deaths report 

Tedros Habtom KAHSSAY (died 19.01.16) 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Mr Mike Parish 
Chief Executive 
Care UK 
29 Great Guildford Street 
London  SE1 0ES  

2. 

Governor 
HMP Pentonville 
Caledonian Road 
London  N7 8TT 

3.  Mr Michael Spurr 
Chief Executive 
National Offender Management Service 
Clive House 
70 Petty France 
London  SW1H 9EX  

1 

CORONER 

I am:   Coroner ME Hassell 
           Senior Coroner  
           Inner North London 
           St Pancras Coroner’s Court 
           Camley Street 
           London  N1C 4PP 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under the Coroners and Justice Act 2009,  
paragraph 7, Schedule 5, and  
The Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, 
regulations 28 and 29. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  21  January  2016,  I  commenced  an  investigation  into  the  death  of 
Tedros Habtom Kahssay, aged 29 years. The investigation concluded at 
the end of the inquest yesterday.  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The jury made a narrative determination, which I attach. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Tedros  Kahssay  killed  himself  by  hanging  in  HM  Prison  Pentonville, 
having  been  admitted  a  month  earlier  on  a  charge  of  murdering  his 
pregnant partner. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During  the  course  of  the  inquest,  the  evidence  revealed  matters  giving 
rise to concern. In my opinion, there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless  action  is  taken.  In  the  circumstances,  it  is  my  statutory  duty  to 
report to you.   

I  list  the  MATTERS  OF  CONCERN  below,  though  I  am  conscious  that 
some of these have now been the subject of remedial action.  

Person Escort Record 

1.  The person escort record (PER) and appended report of the forensic 
medical  examiner  (FME)  that  accompanied  Mr  Kahssay  to  HMP 
Pentonville did not accompany him to nurse reception screening. 

Circumstances of the Index Offence 

2.  The  index  offence  is  recorded  on  the  PER  (and  inputted  onto  the 
prison computer system NOMIS, though not the healthcare computer 
system SystmOne), but not the circumstances.  The circumstances – 
perhaps  from  the  indictment  read  out  in  court  –  may  be  potentially 
helpful to healthcare and possibly also to discipline staff in prison.   

This is not clear cut, because the logistics of obtaining the information 
it  are  complex; 
and  making 
prosecutions must not be compromised; and there is the potential for 
making a prisoner’s mental state worse by probing the circumstances.   

those  who  need 

it  available 

to 

However, it seems that this is an issue that is worthy of consideration, 
preferably at a national level. 

General Practitioner Records 

3.  The general practitioner records were never obtained (an issue that I 
have  raised  in  the  past),  despite  there  being  a  system  in  place  for 
Pentonville  healthcare  administrative  staff  to  do  this.   Whilst  that  did 
not impact upon Mr Kahssay’s care, it might for another prisoner. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nurse Reception Screening 

4.  The  first  reception  screen  template  contained  questions  that  carried 
an inherent ambiguity, in that they related to a change in personal and 
family circumstances, which must always be the case when a person 
is  incarcerated  and  therefore  does  not  assist  in  determining  which 
prisoners are at an increased risk.   

(I did hear at inquest that any prisoner on a charge of murder will now 
be the subject of a psychiatric assessment.) 

5.  Both nurses  conducting  reception  screening  talked  often  in  evidence 
about  not  being  able  to  do  anything  other  than  accept  the  answers 
given  by  the  prisoner.    They  did  not  seem  to  bring  any  objective 
analysis to the screening.  The process of nurse screening appeared 
at times to be a tick box exercise. 

6.  The second reception (well man) screening nurse did not explore the 
history  of  depression  recorded,  he  said  because  the  prison  general 
practitioner  had  not  prescribed  any  medication  for  depression.    On 
reflection, the nurse thought that he should have asked about it. 

Resuscitation 

7.  The  resuscitation  led  by  the  two  nurses  occupying  the  positions  of 
primary  (Hotel  7)  and  secondary  (Hotel  12)  leads  for  emergency 
healthcare  in  the  prison  that  night,  was  significantly  lacking  in  the 
following ways. 

  The  nurse  with  primary  responsibility  for  emergency  care  in  the 
prison did not have a proper understanding of the nature of a code 
red and a code blue prison medical emergency.  (I have raised this 
issue in the past.) 

  One minute and twelve seconds elapsed after nurse arrival before 
any substantive care was given.  The action during that one minute 
and  twelve  seconds  did  not  appear  to  progress  the  resuscitation 
attempt. 

  There  seemed  no  clear  demarcation  of  roles  and  responsibilities 
during  the  resuscitation.    Of  course  these  may  change  as  those 
giving resuscitation tire, but the changes seemed haphazard. 

  There  was  no  checking  for  breath  or  airway  manoeuvre  at  the 

outset or at any time during the resuscitation. 

  There was no checking for pulse at the outset, before commencing 

chest compressions, or at any time during the resuscitation. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The lead nurse attempted to justify this by saying that she had not 
wanted  to  waste  time.    This  was  despite  the  first  action  upon 
finding  the  casualty  being  to  apply  a  blood  pressure  cuff,  on  the 
basis that this was part of the nurse assessment. 

  When  giving  evidence,  the  lead  nurse  appeared  to  conflate  the 
casualty who is in cardiorespiratory arrest with the casualty who is 
merely unconscious.  She repeatedly talked about the need to give 
cardiopulmonary  resuscitation  (CPR)  to  an  unconscious  casualty.  
She said that, at the time she started chest compressions, she did 
not know whether Mr Kahssay was breathing or not breathing. 

  When CPR was given, chest compressions were ineffective, being 

too quick and too shallow. 

  There was only one brief attempt to use an ambubag, the majority 
of the resuscitation taking place without airway assistance or  with 
a non rebreathe oxygen mask. 

 

It  appeared  that  one  oxygen  cylinder  was  empty,  as  it  had  to  be 
changed for another. 

The  nurse  leading  the  resuscitation  described  it  as  chaotic.    That  is 
indeed how it appeared to me from her description and from viewing 
the bodycam footage.   

I  was  and  remain  very  gravely  concerned,  not  in  this  respect  for  Mr 
Kahssay  who  was 
resuscitation 
commenced, but for anyone else in the prison in need of first aid. 

fact  already  dead  when 

in 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In  my  opinion,  action  should  be  taken  to  prevent  future  deaths  and  I 
believe that you have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 6 February 2017.  I, the coroner, may extend the 
period. 

Your  response  must  contain  details  of  action  taken  or  proposed  to  be 
taken,  setting  out  the  timetable  for  action.  Otherwise  you  must  explain 
why no action is proposed. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the following. 

  HHJ Mark Lucraft QC, the Chief Coroner of England & Wales 
  HM Inspectorate of Prisons 
 

 friend of Tedros Kahssay 

I  am  also  under  a  duty  to  send  the  Chief  Coroner  a  copy  of  your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or  redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
interest.  You  may  make 
he  believes  may 
representations to me, the Senior Coroner, at the time of your response, 
about  the  release  or  the  publication  of  your  response  by  the  Chief 
Coroner. 

it  useful  or  of 

find 

9 

DATE                                                   SIGNED BY SENIOR CORONER 

06.12.16 

5

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Care UK (PDF)
Core

HM Prison Pentonville
Caledonian Road
London
N7 8TT
www.careuk.com

Coroner ME Hassell

Senior Coroner

Inner North London

St Pancras Coroner’s Court

Camley Street

London

NC1 4PP

27 January 2017

Dear Madam,

Regulation 28: Prevention of Future Deaths report
The inquest touching the death of Tedros Habtom Kahssay Deceased

HMP Pentonville
Date of death: 19" January 2016

Thank you for your Regulation 28 Prevention of Future Deaths Report dated 6 December
2016 issued to Care UK following the inquest into the death of Mr Tedros Kahssay.

Care UK is the provider of primary healthcare and mental health services at HMP Pentonville.

The matters of concern to you in so far as they relate to healthcare are highlighted in bold with
the response set out below each concern.

Concern 1. The person escort record (PER) and appended report of the forensic
medical examiner (FME) that accompanied Mr Kahssay to HMP Pentonville did not
accompany him to nurse reception screening.

As you heard in evidence at the inquest, the reception screening template has been changed.
The change that has been implemented is a control question in the first reception screen
which is a mandatory field so the nurse needs to stop and answer the question. It asks if the
nurse has seen the PER. All nursing staff have been instructed and are aware that they are
not to screen any prisoner without a CSRA and PER as minimum requirement to aid
screening.

Concern 3. The general practitioner records were never obtained (an issue that I have
raised in the past), despite there being a system in place for Pentonville healthcare
administrative staff to do this. Whilst that did not impact upon Mr Kahssay’s care, it
might for another prisoner.

As you heard in evidence, consent for the obtaining of general practitioner records is now
sought as part of the reception screen and it is also a mandatory field that needs to be
completed by the member of healthcare prior to finishing the screen. When consent is taken,
the screening tool requires a task be sent to the Administrative staff to make them aware that

Care UK Clinical Services Limited - Registered in England No 03462881
Registered Office: Connaught House, 850 The Crescent, Colchester Business Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 9B

consent has been gained and that a request for notes needs forwarding to the patient’s
general practitioner. There is now an auditable process as it is sent by task on SystmOne.

Whilst we have a system in place to request medical records and follow up, it is important to
highlight that we cannot ensure that a GP practice will send records to us. It is anticipated that
this is an issue which will be eased once the new clinical IT system is in place providing
access to the NHS spine and patients Summary Care Records.

Concern 4. The first reception screen template contained questions that carried an
inherent ambiguity, in that they related to a change in personal and family
circumstances, which must always be the case when a person is incarcerated and
therefore does not assist in determining which prisoners are at an increased risk.

You heard evidence at the inquest as to how the first night reception template and part 2
reception template have been completely changed. There is now a referral pathway which is
task driven and can be audited and gives more accountability to the person undertaking the
screening. These changes to the Reception templates took place in early December 2016.

You referred to evidence you heard at the inquest that any prisoner on a charge of murder will
now be the subject of a psychiatric assessment. | can confirm this requirement is posted on
the opening page of the First Night Reception Screen. The psychiatric assessment will take
the form of an assessment with both a member of the prison mental health in-reach team and
a psychiatrist. The need for an assessment will be identified via a task on SystmOne which can
be audited.

Concern 5. Both nurses conducting reception screening talked often in evidence about
not being able to do anything other than accept the answers given by the prisoner.
They did not seem to bring any objective analysis to the screening. The process of
nurse screening appeared at times to be a tick box exercise.

Both members of nursing staff, who were not directly employed by Care UK no longer work at
HMP Pentonville or any Care UK establishment.

You heard evidence with regard to the new reception screening template and process. The
scoring system in relation to the risk of self-harm and or suicide has now gone as this was
found to be too prescriptive. The focus is now placed on the member of healthcare who is
screening the patient to explore the presentation and look into factors that may be relevant to
suicide and or self-harm.

To support this, a new risk assessment is currently in development by the national team and is
based on learning from previous deaths in custody, concerns raised by the Learned Coroner,
national reports and best available evidence. In addition training has been delivered to clinical
leads across the country on suicide and self-harm risk assessment and the materials from this
training are available on the Care UK Health in Justice intranet pages.

Concern 6. The second reception (well man) screening nurse did not explore the
history of depression recorded, he said because the prison general practitioner had not
prescribed any medication for depression. On reflection, the nurse thought that he
should have asked about it.

We accept that the nurse could have explored the history of depression in greater detail. Our
secondary reception screening process provides more time for this and we are in process of
rolling out our wellbeing wheel assessment to support this assessment. The wellbeing wheel
provides a structure for clinical staff to explore mental health issues in more depth alongside

their physical health and substance misuse issues. Training, both online and face to face, has
been developed to support the use of the wellbeing wheel and the Pentonville team are
expected to have completed the implementation by end of March 2017.

Concern 7. The resuscitation led by the two nurses occupying the positions of primary
(Hotel 7) and secondary (Hotel 12) leads for emergency healthcare in the prison that
night, was significantly lacking.

The Hotel 7 agency nurse no longer works in any Care UK establishment. The Second Nurse
who was designated Hotel 12 is subject to an investigation which is being undertaken locally
within the organisation in the first instance.

You heard that all nursing staff are given training by senior nurses who discuss scenarios and
staff are issued with a card as an aide memoir. Both Nurses had attended that training which
was delivered in July 2016.

The use and meaning of Code Red and Code Blue has again been strongly reinforced to the
nursing staff. Training sessions have taken place for all the staff and attendance sheets have
been collected. Posters re-affirming the criteria of Code Red and Code Blue were
displayed in clinical areas in December 2016. Furthermore, Safer Custody have been
requested to re-order 250 of the aide-memoire cards for distribution across the
establishment

All clinical staff that are employed by Care UK have ILS as a mandatory training requirement.
A check has been undertaken to ensure that all Care UK clinical staff are receiving the ILS
training. This has been confirmed to be the case.

Guidance from NHSE regarding the resuscitation of patients where there is rigor mortis
present has been circulated to staff and is accessible on the Care UK Health in Justice
intranet pages. Where staff are not confident in recognising rigor mortis they should proceed
with resuscitation until someone arrives who is competent to recognise life extinct.
Recognition of Life Extinct (ROLE) training is being considered by the Care UK resuscitation
committee as an ‘add on’ to the ILS training.

In addition to this, the healthcare team plan to discuss issues relating to resuscitation and use
of emergency bags regularly in their Friday afternoon training sessions. A SOP for emergency

response is in development by the national team and is due for circulation shortly.

We trust that the above response provides the information that you require but please do not
hesitate to contact us if Care UK can be of any further assistance.

Yours faithfully.

Head of Healthcare

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