Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Lyn Brind

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0017, written 18 Jan 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report18 Jan 2023
Reference2023-0017
DeceasedLyn Brind
CoronerJacqueline Lake
Coroner areaNorfolk
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Emergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Organisation namedEast of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care: 
The Rt Hon Steve Barclay MP 

The Department of Health and Social Care 

1  CORONER 

I am Jacqueline Lake, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of Norfolk. 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 07 June 2022 I commenced an investigation into the death of Lyn Mary BRIND aged 61. 
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 05 January 2023. 

The medical cause of death was: 

1a) 
1b) 
1c) 
2) 

Congestive Cardiac Failure 
Ischaemic and Hypertensive Heart Disease 
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis and Morbid Obesity 
Diabetes Mellitus 

The conclusion of the inquest was: 
Mrs Brind died from cardiac failure.  Her condition was not diagnosed nor treated in a timely 
fashion. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On 24 May 2022, Mrs Brind went to see her GP and was taken to Queen Elizabeth Hospital 
arriving at 13.05 hours. The Emergency Department was busy and Mrs Brind remained on 
the ambulance. Physiological observations were undertaken at 12.50, 13.24 and 13.53 
which showed an elevated NEWS2 score. Mrs Brind required increasing oxygen which was 
not escalated to the Ambulance Navigator at the hospital, no further physiological 
observations were undertaken and no ECG was undertaken. Mrs Brind was taken to the 
ward at 17.30 hours, when she became agitated and short of breath. Advanced life support 
was put into place but Mrs Brind's condition continued to deteriorate and she died at 17.52 
hours. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 1) Evidence was heard that there was a delay in Mrs Brind being transferred from the 
ambulance to the Emergency Department of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital as there was no 
space in the hospital 
2) As delays are a reoccurring problem, checks are made by paramedics and Hospital 
clinicians on patients while they wait in ambulances for transfer into the hospital to assist in 
prioritising the need for transfer. 
3) In the case of Mrs Brind, physiological observations were not undertaken regularly in 
accordance with East of England Ambulance Service Trust (EEAST) Guidance and when they 
were taken, her high NEWS2 score was not escalated to the Hospital Ambulance Navigator 
who assesses priority for beds in the hospital. 
4) Further Mrs Brind was not assessed by a Senior Doctor from the  Hospital within an 
hour, in accordance with Hospital protocol 
5) I am satisfied that steps have been taken by both EEAST and the Hospital in respect of 
these matters and do not make a report in respect of either of these matters 
6) Evidence was heard that there are regularly too many patients in the Emergency 
Department and so ambulances cannot safely transfer patients into the Emergency 
Department. The EEAST is working with the Hospital (along with other hospitals in the 
area) to find ways to deal with this problem and methods are in place to try to alleviate the 
consequences of these delays. 
7)  However, it was heard that this is a much wider and more complex problem, in that the 
Hospital is unable to discharge patients who are medically fit to be discharged and they 
remain occupying much needed beds. This in turn means patients cannot be moved from 
the Emergency Department into the hospital wards, and patients remain waiting in 
ambulances. This in turn causes delays in ambulances being returned to normal duty and 
being able to attend to emergencies in the community. 
8) Evidence was heard that at the time of Mrs Brind's death, approximately 7 ambulances 
were waiting to transfer patients into the Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth 
Hospital. At the time of the inquest, this had risen to 17 ambulances commonly waiting to 
transfer patients from the ambulance into the Emergency Department. 
7) Further at the time of the inquest there were approximately 140 beds at the Queen 
Elizabeth Hospital occupied by patients who were medically fit to be discharged, but beds 
could not be found in the community 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by March 13, 2023.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 

Queen Elizabeth Hospital 
East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust (EEAST) 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 I have also sent it to 

Department of Health 
Care Quality Commission (CQC) 
HSIB 
Healthwatch Norfolk 
NHS ENGLAND (NHS IMPROVEMENT) 

who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or 
of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Dated: 18/01/2023 

Jacqueline LAKE 
Senior Coroner for Norfolk 
County Hall 
Martineau Lane 
Norwich 
NR1 2DH 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
From Helen Whately MP 
Minister of State for Care 
39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

25 April 2024 

Jacqueline Lake 
Senior Coroner for Norfolk 
County Hall 
Martineau Lane 
Norwich 
NR1 2DH  

Dear Mrs Lake,  

Thank you for your report of 8 January 2023 about the death of Lyn Mary Brind. I am replying 
as  Minister  with  responsibility  for  urgent  and  emergency  care.  Please  accept  my  sincere 
apologies for the significant delay in responding to this matter. I would like to assure you that 
the  department  is  mindful  of  the  statutory  responsibilities  in  relation  to  prevention  of  future 
deaths reports and we are prioritising responses as a matter of urgency. 

Firstly, I would like to say how saddened I was to read of the circumstances of Mrs Brind’s 
death. I offer my sincere condolences to her families and loved ones. I am grateful to you for 
bringing these matters to my attention.  

The report raises concerns about ambulance handover delays, capacity at Queen Elizabeth 
Hospital and patient flow through the hospital including the discharging of medically fit patients. 
Further,  I  note  the  report  raises  concerns  regarding  appropriate  safety  checks  for  patients 
waiting  in  ambulances  but  that  you  are  satisfied  with  the  action  taken  in  respect  of  these 
matters by the East of England Ambulance NHS Trust and Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's 
Lynn NHS Foundation Trust. 

I recognise the significant pressure the urgent and emergency care system is facing. That is 
why we published our ‘Delivery plan for recovering urgent and emergency care services’ which 
aims to deliver sustained improvements in waiting times, including to improve A&E wait times 
to 78% of patients being admitted, transferred, or discharged within four hours by March 2025. 
The plan also plan also commits to reducing average Category 2 ambulance response times 
to 30 minutes across this fiscal year.  The plan is available at https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-
content/uploads/2023/01/B2034-delivery-plan-for-recovering-urgent-and-emergency-care-
services.pdf 

Your report highlights that the hospital was under high demand with long handover delays at 
the hospital at the time of the incident. I recognise that ambulance trusts work within a health 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
  
 and care system and issues such as delayed patient handovers to hospitals can impact on 
capacity and response times. That is why a key part of the delivery plan is about improving 
patient flow and bed capacity within hospitals. We achieved our 2023/24 ambition of delivering 
5,000 more staffed, permanent hospital beds this year compared to 2022-23 plans, backed by 
£1 billion of dedicated funding, and we will maintain this capacity uplift in 2024/25. Further, we 
also achieved our target of scaling up virtual ward bed capacity to over 10,000 ahead of winter 
2023/24, and there are now over 11,000 beds available nationally. 

We are also  investing an additional £1 billion this year through the Discharge Fund, to support 
the  NHS  and  local  authorities  to  ensure  timely  and  effective  discharge  from  hospital.  This 
funding  follows  £600  million  last  year  and  £500  million  in  2022/23.  The  NHS  and  local 
authorities are using this funding to help provide people with the right care in the right place 
when  they  are  discharged  from  hospital.  We  have  also  ensured  every  acute  hospital  has 
access to a care transfer hub, bringing together professionals from the NHS and social care 
to manage discharges for people with more complex needs who need extra support with a 
view to promoting early planning and timely discharge. These measures are helping improve 
patient flow through hospitals, reducing delays in patient handovers so ambulances can swiftly 
get back on the roads.    

We have seen improvement in urgent and emergency care performance this year following 
the delivery plan’s publication. In February 2024 A&E performance at The Queen Elizabeth 
Hospital  King's  Lynn  NHS  Foundation  Trust  for  patients  to  be  admitted,  transferred  or 
discharged within 4 hours was 70.7%, an improvement of 8.3 ppt from the same month last 
year.  In  March  2024,  average  handover  times  in  the  EEAST  region  were  30  minutes  12 
seconds, an improvement of almost 6 minutes from the previous month. However, I recognise 
there is still more to do to reduce response times down further and back towards pre-pandemic 
levels  –  and  this  is  the  action  we  will  continue  to  be  taking  as  part  of  the  government’s 
commitment to improving NHS services and reducing waiting times. 

Thank you once again for bringing these important issues to my attention.      

Yours,  

HELEN WHATELY

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