Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Chadrack Mulo

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0120, written 12 Apr 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report12 Apr 2017
Reference2017-0120
DeceasedChadrack Mulo
CoronerMary Hassell
Coroner areaInner North London
CategoryOther related deaths · Child Death (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28:  Prevention of Future Deaths report 

Chadrack Mbala MULO (died 18.10.16) 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  The Right Honourable Edward Timpson MP 

Minister of State for 
Vulnerable Children and Families 
Department for Education 
Piccadilly Gate 
Store Street 
Manchester   
M1 2WD 

1 

CORONER 

I am:   Coroner ME Hassell 
           Senior Coroner  
           Inner North London 
           St Pancras Coroner’s Court 
           Camley Street 
           London  N1C 4PP 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under the Coroners and Justice Act 2009,  
paragraph 7, Schedule 5, and  
The Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, 
regulations 28 and 29. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  26  October  2016,  one  of  my  assistant  coroners,  William  Dolman, 
commenced  an  investigation  into  the  death  of  Chadrack  Mbala  Mulo, 
aged 4 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 10 
April 2017.  At inquest, I made a determination as follows. 

learning  difficulties  and,  when  his  mother  died 
Chadrack  had 
unexpectedly  at  home  on  1  or 2  October  2016,  he  did  not  know  how  to 
call  for  help  or  feed  himself  properly.    He  died  a  fortnight  later  of 
dehydration  and  starvation.    He  was  then found  within  approximately  48 
hours. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 His medical cause of death was: 
1a dehydration and acute protein-energy malnutrition 
2   autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Chadrack’s mother suffered a sudden death in epilepsy, probably on 1 or 
2  October  2016.    Chadrack  was  not  seen  in  school  after  30  September 
2016.   

The  staff  at  Morningside  Primary  School  were  concerned  and  rang  his 
mother on several occasions.  They also visited the home twice, but could 
not gain access to the block of flats where Chadrack and his mother lived.   

The likelihood is that Chadrack lived  alone in the family home for over a 
fortnight  after  his  mother’s  death.    He  was  found  a  couple  of  days  after 
his  own  death,  with  his  arms  around  her  body.    She  was  by  then  very 
decomposed. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During  the  course  of  the  inquest,  the  evidence  revealed  matters  giving 
rise to concern. In my opinion, there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless  action  is  taken.  In  the  circumstances,  it  is  my  statutory  duty  to 
report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  

1.  The  school  had  a  telephone  number  for  Chadrack’s  mother,  but 
not for any other family member or friend.  Now, they insist that for 
every child in the school they have the telephone number of three 
different adults. 

2.  If a child unexpectedly fails to attend and no relevant adult can be 
contacted  via  phone,  staff  at  the  school  do  not  now  wait  three  to 
five days as they did then, but instead immediately send a member 
of staff to the family home.   

They  now  make  a  distinction  between  an  attendance  issue  that 
may warrant a penalty (not the case for Chadrack because he was 
under the age of five years) and a potential welfare issue. 

3.  If  there  is  no  answer  at  the  family  home  when  staff  members 
attend,  they  now  immediately  contact  the  police,  who  in  most 
cases are likely to force entry. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This protocol  seems  very  sensible,  but  is  clearly  driven  by  the  appalling 
tragedy  of  Chadrack’s  death.    It  seems  unlikely  that  other  schools  in 
Hackney, elsewhere in London, or indeed in the rest of England & Wales, 
have such a system in place. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In  my  opinion,  action  should  be  taken  to  prevent  future  deaths  and  I 
believe that you have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of  this  report,  namely  by  19  June  2017.    I,  the  coroner,  may  extend  the 
period. 

Your  response  must  contain  details  of  action  taken  or  proposed  to  be 
taken,  setting  out  the  timetable  for  action.  Otherwise  you  must  explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the following. 

  HHJ Mark Lucraft QC, the Chief Coroner of England & Wales 
  City & Hackney Safeguarding Children Board 
 
 
 

, headteacher, Morningside Primary School 
, Chadrack’s father 

, Chadrack’s auntie 

I  am  also  under  a  duty  to  send  the  Chief  Coroner  a  copy  of  your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or  redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
interest.  You  may  make 
he  believes  may 
representations to me, the Senior Coroner, at the time of your response, 
about  the  release  or  the  publication  of  your  response  by  the  Chief 
Coroner. 

it  useful  or  of 

find 

9 

DATE                                                   SIGNED BY SENIOR CORONER 

12.04.17 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department for Education (PDF)
Robert Goodwill MP
Minister of State

Sanctuary Buildings 20 Great Smith Street Westminster London SW1P 3BT
tel: 0370 000 2288 www.education.gov.uk/help/contactus

Coroner ME Hassell

Senior Coroner, Inner North London
St Pancras Coroner's Court
Camley St

London

N1C 4PP

ie Hassell 19" June 2017
Cat '

My predecessor, Edward Timpson, received your Prevention of Future Death report,
regarding the tragic death of Chadrack Mbala Mulo, on 20 April 2017. This is a heart-
breaking case and my thoughts are with all those who knew Chadrack and his mother.

! would like to stress that the Department takes the issues raised in the report very
seriously and will take action in light of your recommendations.

The school only held a single number for Chadrack’s mother and no contact number for
any other family member or friend. | have asked Departmental officials to examine how we
can best update the statutory ‘Keeping Children Safe in Education’ guidance and the
‘School Attendance’ guidance so that they reflect best practice and recommend that
schools hold more than one contact number.

You make an important distinction in your report between attendance issues and welfare
issues and underline that school staff should be considering welfare when managing
attendance. In this area too, the Department will examine how best we can update
attendance and safeguarding guidance to make this link clearer.

| would anticipate that guidance will continue to make clear that professional judgement
should be used in deciding when child safety or welfare concerns should be escalated to
children's social care services and/or the police. | have also asked the Department to
identify the best way to reinforce this point further in the attendance and safeguarding
guidance.

| will ensure that changes to strengthen the guidance will be made at the earliest
opportunity, subject to formal consultation on the safeguarding guidance.

| have asked Departmental officials to forward your report to Her Majesty's Chief inspector
of Education, Children’s Services and Skills for her consideration.

Robert Goodwill MP
Minister of State

Related reports

Other reports by Mary Hassell

See all →

More reports categorised “Other related deaths”

See all →

Track Child Death (from 2015)

See every Prevention of Future Deaths report matching Child Death (from 2015), and how often a new one appears.

What would an alert for this have sent me? Search the full text

Free to try — the preview shows the real matches and how many arrived in the last 12 months. Your first email alert is free.

These reports are published by the Chief Coroner's office at judiciary.uk and are © Crown copyright. The text here is reproduced from the published PDF so it can be searched. If something on this page is wrong, or you are a person named in it and want it reviewed, email drcjar@gmail.com and we will act promptly.