Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Emma Harper

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0500, written 11 Sep 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report11 Sep 2024
Reference2024-0500
DeceasedEmma Harper
CoronerMichael Pemberton
Coroner areaManchester (West)
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths · Suicide (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1 National Highways
2 Salford City Council

1

CORONER

I am Michael James Pemberton, HM Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Manchester
(West).

2

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 10 May 2024 I commenced an investigation into the death of Emma Victoria HARPER
aged 52. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 09 September 2024.
The conclusion of the inquest was Suicide, and the medical cause of death was:

I a Blunt Force Chest Trauma

I b

I c

II

4

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

The deceased had a complex mental health history with a number of suicide attempts and
self-harm having occurred in the months leading up to her death. The most recent occurred
on in March when she swallowed batteries and was admitted to Salford Royal Hospital for a
period between 25 March 2024 and 12 April 2024. A subsequent attendance following
ingestion of batteries occurred on 26 April 2024.

On discharge from hospital on 12 April there were delays in being referred to an
appropriate mental health team in the community.

On 1 May 2024, the deceased presented at Salford Royal Hospital and underwent a mental
health assessment with the mental health liaison team, this resulted in a low risk
assessment despite the previous attempts to take her own life and a referral to Living well
was made.

A referral was made to the urgent assessment team on 2 May 2024 by staff at the listening
lounge after it was reported by the deceased that she did not feel she could keep herself
safe.

On 3 May 2024 she was assessed and accepted by the Home Treatment Team and daily

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

 visits were arranged with a care plan being agreed.

The deceased left home at some point from the evening of 3 May 2024 and was
subsequently seen on CCTV at approximately 5:25 on 4 May 2024 walking towards the
bridge under which she was found

She was discovered below a footbridge on the M602 on 4 May 2024 having fallen onto a
crash barrier at the side of the motorway from the bridge above and no signs of life were
observed. Death was declared at 06:40.

On the balance of probabilities, the deceased fell from the foot bridge above having
intended to do so to take her own life. The injuries she sustained in the fall caused her
death.

5

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern.
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:
(brief summary of matters of concern)

1. During the course of evidence it was stated that the foot bridge which the deceased
fell from had not been considered suitable for amendments to be made to the level
of barrier which would prevent a pedestrian crossing the bridge from easily climbing
over and falling onto the highway below.

2. Other bridges in the locality were considered and selected for an increase in the
height of the barrier or other works to prevent the risk of falling from the bridge
onto the M602 motorway.

3.

It was unclear on what basis the foot bridge that the deceased fell from has been
excluded from such works and there is a risk that this bridge may still be accessed
by people who may be at risk of falling as an alternative to other bridges were
works had been undertaken in the locality.

6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or
your organisation) have the power to take such action.

7

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by November 05, 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.
COPIES and PUBLICATION

8

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons

Greater Manchester Mental Health Trust

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

 I have also sent it to

who may find it useful or of interest.

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it.

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or
of interest.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of
interest.

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9

Dated: 11th September 2024

Michael James Pemberton
Assistant Coroner for
Manchester West

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from National Highways (PDF)
Our ref:  
Your ref:  

Mr Michael Pemberton  
Assistant Coroner for Manchester West 
HM Coroner’s Court and Office for Manchester 
West 
Paderborn House 
Howell Croft North 
Bolton 
BL1 1QY 

Operations Regional Director  
Piccadilly Gate 
Store Street 
Manchester 
M1 2WD 

www.nationalhighways.co.uk 

05 November 2024 

Dear Mr Pemberton 

Reg 28 Report – After Inquest HARPER EV 04052024 

Thank you for your correspondence dated 11 September 2024.  

National Highways is committed to maintaining the safe use of the Strategic Road Network  
and we appreciate the issues surrounding suicide incidents and the impact these can have. 
We continually assess incidents that occur on our network to identify locations where action 
may be required. 

Due to the nature of the Strategic Road Network, particularly in urban areas such as Greater 
Manchester, there are a large number of bridges over the motorway and a limited amount 
of  funding  to  progress  improvements.  We  use  available  historical  information  to  identify 
frequently  used  locations  and  then  prioritise  sites  to  maximise  the  benefits  that  can  be 
achieved coupled with our duty to manage public funds. 

In relation to the M602 a study of suicide related issues along the route was undertaken in 
2022, specifically in relation to the number of incidents occurring at bridges and structures 
spanning the route. The 
 footbridge that you have raised as a concern was 
one  of  eight  structures  included  in  this  assessment.    It  was  identified  that  an  increase  in 
parapet fence height from the standard 1 metre to 1.8 metres was a potential intervention 
but  noted  that  the  boundary  is  difficult  to  effectively  secure  around  the  bridge  itself.  The 
footpaths along 
 which run for several hundred 
metres alongside and above the M602 have concrete boundary walls of approximately the 
same height as the existing bridge parapet fence.  

 and 

Registered office Bridge House, 1 Walnut Tree Close, Guildford GU1 4LZ 
National Highways Limited registered in England and Wales number 09346363 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 Increasing the parapet fence height from the standard 1 metre to 1.8 metres can cost up to 
£1m per bridge. In addressing concerns surrounding these sites we are constrained by the 
available funding and the benefits that can be achieved. We therefore prioritise locations 
with the highest number of suicide related incidents. This is the reason that some bridges 
have already received upgraded parapets, as historically they have exhibited a far higher 
  which  crosses  the  M602  adjacent  to 
level  of  risk.  An  example  in  this  area  is 

. 

During  the  current  road  investment  period  (2020-25)  in  the  North  West  region  we  have 
increased parapet fence heights to 1.8 metres at six of our bridges with the highest number 
 over the M60 in 
of suicide related incidents. These are 
  of  the  M60,  and 

 and 
  at  Junction 

  and 

, 

 and 

 over the M56 in Wythenshawe. 

When  assessing  the  available  information  relating  to  suicide  related  incidents  along  the 
 footbridge during the five-year study 
M602, there were three recorded at the 
assessment period from 2017 to 2021, none of which had resulted in an injury or fatality. 
We therefore currently have no proposals to increase the parapet fence height at 

 footbridge. 

In  comparison  the  nearby  bridges  at 
  recorded  68 
incidents  during  the  same  period.  Several  other  bridges  spanning  the  M602  have  also 
recorded  significant  numbers  of  incidents  and  schemes  for  these  are  currently  being 
developed for potential implementation during the next road investment period from 2025-
30.  

We will continue to monitor and assess all locations in the North West in the future where 
these types of incidents are recorded, and take the appropriate actions where necessary. 

I hope that you find this information helpful. 

Yours sincerely 

Operations Regional Director 
Email:

Registered office Bridge House, 1 Walnut Tree Close, Guildford GU1 4LZ 
National Highways Limited registered in England and Wales number 09346363
Response from Salford Council (PDF)
20/11/2024, 15:49:28

Subject:     RE: Regulation 28 Letter for Salford City Council - Emma Harper
Sent:    
From:    
To:    
Cc:    

Importance:                                           High

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Hello 

Please find below the response on behalf of Salford City Council – apologies for the delay in getting it to you.

Salford City Council have been in discussion with National Highways regarding this matter. They confirmed that the
bridge structure, parapets and retaining walls on 
 are National Highway assets. As such we believe
they are looking into the feasibility of remedial works at this location following this recent incident.

Salford will assist and support in terms of any Temporary Traffic Regulation Orders, temporary traffic management etc
as required that might impact our network.

I believe that National Highways have already emailed their response to your office outlining the above and they are to
share a copy with Salford so that we are all fully informed on any proposed way forward.

If you need anything further relating to this matter then get back to me.

Regards

Traffic Management, Parking Services & Road Safety

E    

Salford City Council
Civic Centre, Chorley Road, Swinton M27 5AW

From: 
Sent: 14 November 2024 10:24
To: 

Subject: RE: Regulation 28 Letter for Salford City Council - Emma Harper

Some people who received this message don't often get email from 
Good morning,

. Learn why this is important

We would be grateful for an update regarding the Reg 28 request.

Kind regards

HM Coroner’s Court and Office for Manchester West
Paderborn House
Howell Croft

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